Sigcina imbali. Kungani amaqabunga e-hoya aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe, yiziphi ezinye izifo ezikhona nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezilokazane?

I-Hoya (i-wax ivy) iyi-liana ehlala iluhlaza kusuka emndenini waseGrimaceae. Yaqanjwa igama layo ukuhlonipha umlimi waseNgilandi uThomas Hoy. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zalesi sitshalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-hoya ikhula emithambekeni enamadwala, izihlahla zokuluka. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo - e-Australia, India, eningizimu yeChina. Ngokwesimo sezulu sethu, i-hoya isitshalo somhlobiso esingatshalwa ekhaya noma ezimweni zokugcina izithombo. Sizothola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga embali yasekhaya ephenduka aphuzi phansi bese ewa, sikhombise isithombe, futhi sikutshele nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze welashwe.

Kungani imbali ingakhuli?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokunciphisa noma ukusimama ukukhula ubuchwepheshe obungafaneleki bokukhula noma ukungabi nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho kukhula i-hoya:

• Ibhodwe elingalingani kahle.
• Inani lokukhanya okungenayo. UHoya uthanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, akufanele weqe ngokweqile, ngoba ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqinile kusha amaqabunga awo.
• Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokungavamile, kuphela lapho inhlabathi isome ngokuphelele.
• Umhlabathi. Inhlabathi evulekile, evulekile ilungele ukukhula.

Siphinde sakhuluma ngokuthi kungani i-hoya ingaqhakazi nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngayo. Funda ngalokhu kwesinye isihloko.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezikhona nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuzixazulula?

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ngokunakekelwa okungafanele zikhula ngokweqile noma zikhubazeke, ukushintsha kombala kwamaqabunga. Futhi, amabala avela emaqabungeni, ayagoqeka futhi ome. Ezinye izimpawu zincike kulesi sifo esithile.

Ukugula: incazelo	Yini ebangele?	Ukwelashwa
Amaqabunga aphuzi	Ukuphuzi e-base kuvame ukubonwa lapho impande ibola, ngokushoda kwezakhamzimba. Ukuphuzi okwenziwe emaphethelweni kuyisibonakaliso sokunisela okungafanele noma ukuchelela ngamanzi ompompi onzima, ukomisa isikhathi eside emhlabathini. Amabala aphuzi nawo awuphawu lokuthi i-hoya ishiswe yilanga eliqondile.	Ukuthola imbangela ngqo nokwenza kube lula ukuhoxiswa. Ukufafaza ngamalungiselelo ethusi noma aqukethe amakhemikhali weprophylaxis (isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-Epin, Fitoverma).
Amaqabunga awa	Umswakama owedlulele. Ukukhetha indawo engafanele. Umoya owomile noshisayo.	Hambisa isitshalo endaweni efudumele. Ukunisela ngamanzi athambile ekamelweni lokushisa. Yondla inhlabathi ngomanyolo olinganiselayo (Gumi-20 Universal noma ama-analogs).
Amaqabunga abuna Kaningi lokhu kungumphumela wokubuna kwamagciwane.	I-agent causative yi-bacterial pathogenic. Izimbangela: ukukhanya okungalungile; usayizi webhodwe okhethwe ngokungalungile; ubusika obufudumele; ukusika ama-peduncles; ukungabi namanzi noma umsoco.	Ukulungiswa kwezimo zokuboshwa. Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.
Isikhunta	Dala isikhunta se-phytopathogenic. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho: ukuchelela ngokweqile; umswakama ophezulu womoya; ikhwalithi yamanzi engeyinhle; umswakama omile; ukunisela emakhazeni.	Dlulisa isitshalo ebhodweni elisha futhi elihlanzekile. Ukungeza inhlabathi evuselelwe. Ukuhambisana nemvamisa yokuchelela. Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile (iFundazol, iTopaz).
Ukubola okumpunga	Kubangelwa yi-Botrytis yesikhunta. Isifo sivela ngokungahambi kahle komoya nomswakama ophezulu, uma isitshalo sincane noma sise-substrate yenhlabathi eminyene.	Ukubulala amagciwane kwamathuluzi nenhlabathi. Ukushaywa kwegumbi njalo. Ukukhanya okuthuthukisiwe kwesitshalo. Isinqumo sokugcina ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu yi-1% Bordeaux liquid noma isisombululo esingu-0.5% seKaptan.
Isikhunta se-Powdery	I-agent causative yi-powdery isikhutha isikhunta. Izici zobungozi: umoya omanzi; i-nitrogen eyeqile; izinga lokushisa lehla.	Ukususwa kwezingxenye ezithintekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo akhethekile (iTopazi, iTiovit) kanye nesikhunta. Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi ngama-manganese, i-zinc, nesibabule.

Izinambuzane nezindlela zokubhekana nazo

Izinambuzane eziningi eziphazamisayo zisongela i-hoya... Izimpawu zokutheleleka zingafana, izindlela zokulawula nazo zingafana. Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinambuzane ezihlala ku-hoya?

I-Whitefly

Yisinambuzane esifana nenundu ngokubukeka. Umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni ubangelwa hhayi ngabantu abadala, kepha yizibungu, ngoba isisekelo sokondleka kwazo ijusi leqabunga.

Izizathu zokubukeka ukushisa nomswakama ophezulu. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-10 degrees ngaphezu kuka-zero abhekwa njengabulala izinambuzane, kepha izibungu zisinda ngisho nasebusika.

Susa i-whitefly ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izindlela zokulawula i-Whitefly:

1. Ukuqoqwa okwenziwe ngesandla kwenkathazo. Sula ipuleti leqabunga ngephedi kakotini noma isixubho, njengoba wawukade usithambisa emanzini anensipho.
2. Izindlela zokupheka zabantu.
   • Fafaza inhlabathi ebhodweni ngomlotha, ufafaze i-hoya ngesisombululo sikagalikhi (100 g ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi, shiya izinsuku ezifika kwezingu-5, thela amanzi ngaphambi kokucubungula).
   • Elinye ikhambi lesintu ukumnika i-dandelion: thatha ama-50 g wezimpande namaqabunga omile, engeza amalitha ayi-3-4 wamanzi, shiya amahora ama-5. Hlunga ngaphambi kokufafaza.
3. Izibulala-zinambuzane. Lona ngu-Confidor, u-Aktellik, u-Aktara. Umthamo ukhonjisiwe kwiphakethe, khetha ivolumu yokufafaza izitshalo zokuhlobisa.

Scratch

Isinambuzane umzimba waso ombozwe ngengcina. Usayizi omaphakathi wabantu ngamunye ngu-2-5 mm. Izibungu zigcwalisa isitshalo sonke, zinamathela emaqabungeni nasesiqu. Isizathu sokuvela kwezinambuzane umswakama ofudumele futhi ophakeme.

Izinyathelo zokulawula iminyundu:

• Ukuhlanza ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthambisa i-swab kakotini otshwaleni bese usula isitshalo lapho kuvela khona isibungu.
• Izindlela zokupheka zabantu. Lokhu kungamanzi anensipho, ijusi ehlanjululwe anyanisi noma ugarlic, ukumnika ama-citrus peels. Imikhiqizo inephunga elibi elithusa isibungu.
• Basebenzisa futhi amakhemikhali akhethekile: i-Actrata, i-Confidor-maxi, i-Mospilan.

Isicabucabu esibomvu

Kubonakala emakamelweni anomoya omuncu kabi. Iphila ngemuva kwamaqabunga, ipuleti leqabunga limbozwe ngamabala aphuzi. Isici esiyinhloko ubulembu bezintambo.

Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane:

1. Ukuze ukhulule i-hoya ku-spider mite, okokuqala udinga ukugeza amaqabunga ayo ngamanzi afudumele anensipho.
2. Susa izingxenye ezilodwa zesitshalo ezithintwe yizinambuzane.
3. Nisela bese umboza isitshalo nge-cellophane, shiya izinsuku ezintathu.
4. Amakhemikhali asebenzayo ngokumelene nemikhaza yi-Neoron, i-Apollo ne-Sunamandla.

Ama-Nematode

Lezi yizimpethu ezisobala, ubude bazo obungu-1 cm. Uma uthelelekile, kuvela izimpande ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ezimpandeni - ama-nematode ahlala futhi ande ngaphakathi kwala maqhubu. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, impande ifana neqembu lamagilebhisi.

Isizathu sokuvela kwezimpande zematode kunisela: isinambuzane sidluliselwa esitshalweni esisha sisuka kulowo onegciwane ngamanzi.

Ungasusa kanjani inkathazo:

1. Ukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo ukuqala kabusha.
2. Umenzeli wamakhemikhali wokulwa ngu-Ecogel. Okubi ngalo muthi ukuthi awubulali amagciwane, kepha kubambezela ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuphela. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitshalo singathatha izimpande futhi sikhule siqine.
3. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwalezi zimpethu - ukuguqula nokubulala amagciwane enhlabathini, ukushisa amabhodwe. Futhi, ukuvimbela, ungangeza inhlabathi amagobolondo e-nut noma amaqabunga e-marigold.

UPodura

Elinye igama ngama-springtails... Eqinisweni, lezi zinambuzane azizona izinambuzane, ziphephile uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo. Kepha awudingi ukubashiya ku-hoya. Ngabantu abaningi, i-podura idala ukulimala okukhulu.

Umhlabathi uvame ukuba neshukela elincane elingabonakali ngeso lomuntu futhi elingasilimazi isitshalo. Ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezilandelayo: amanzi amile nokwakhiwa kukadaka ebusweni, izingxenye ze-hoya zaqala ukubola.

Ungasusa kanjani:

1. Esikhathini sokuqala, udinga ukomisa inhlabathi, bese uyifafaza ngothuli lukagwayi noma i-lime.
2. Amakhemikhali ezinambuzane. I-Bazudin, i-Pochin (usakaze ama-granules ebusweni ngendwangu encane), i-Mospilan, i-Aktara.

I-Aphid

Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezinemibala ehlukene (ziwolintshi, mpunga, zimnyama). Isizathu sokubonakala yizitshalo ezingomakhelwane ezithelelekile noma inhlabathi ethelelekile. Futhi, abesifazane abanamaphiko bangandiza bangene egumbini ngefasitela elivulekile.

Amakhambi:

• Isinambuzane asibekezeleli iphunga le-geranium. Le yindlela elula yokuqeda izinambuzane.
• Uma i-geranium ingekho, geza amaqabunga ngamanzi anensipho.
• Ukufafaza iresiphi. U-anyanisi oqoshiwe, u-garlic, amaqabunga etamatisi amasha uthele ilitha elilodwa lamanzi abilayo, shiya amahora ayi-6-8, ukhiphe, ufafaze. Enye indlela yesisombululo sikagwayi (thela amanzi abilayo phezu kwamaqabunga amasha).
• Uhlu lwamakhemikhali asebenzayo lubandakanya iConfidor, iFitoverm, i-Engio, i-Actellik.

Ama-Thrips

Lezi izinambuzane ezincane, umbala wazo womzimba ohambisana nombala wamaqabunga (oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi), ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzibona. Isici esihle sokubukeka ngumoya owomile.

Silahla ngempumelelo:

1. Hlukanisa isitshalo.
2. Ukuze ususe i-parasite, udinga ukusula zonke izingxenye ze-hoya ngamanzi nensipho yokuwasha.
3. Kusuka ezindleleni zabantu, kusetshenziswa umuncu wezithelo ezisawolintshi, ugalikhi noma u-anyanisi.
4. Kusuka kumakhemikhali - Fitoverm, Engio, Aktara, Aktellik.

Isihlangu

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-subspecies zalesi sinambuzane, kepha konke kubangela ukulimala okufanayo esitshalweni. I-parasite imunca ujusi kwi-hoya, ngemuva kwalokho kube nomphumela ofanayo njengakwezinye izilonda zezinambuzane - amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, ome futhi awe.

Izizathu zokuvela kwezinambuzane ezilinganiselwe zibuthakathaka ukungavikeleki kwe-hoya, i-nitrogen eyeqile emhlabathini, umoya owomile, ukuchelela okungafanele, ukukhanya okunganele.

Ungayisusa kanjani i-parasite:

1. Ukuqeda izinambuzane zesikali, udinga ukuzisusa ngesandla emaqabungeni.
2. Bese ugeza ngamanzi nokumnika okwelaphayo kuka-anyanisi nogalikhi.

Kumakhemikhali, i-Aktara ne-Aktofit zifanelekile.

Isithombe

Ngezansi ungabona ukuthi i-hoya ibukeka kanjani ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene nezifo.
Amaqabunga awayo aphuzi:

Ukubola okumpunga:

Isikhunta se-Powdery:

Izinambuzane zezitshalo:

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, manje uzothola ukuthi kungani imbali iba nezifo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze, isibonelo, uma amaqabunga ephuzi.

I-Hoya ilungele ukukhula ezindlini (ungathola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugcina i-wax ivy ekhaya, futhi ubone isithombe sesitshalo, lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzothola zonke izimfihlo zokusakazwa kwezitshalo ekhaya). Akudingi ukunakekelwa okucophelela nokuhlala njalo. Ukuze uqhakaze kahle, kwanele ukutshala isitshalo endaweni efanelekile bese ulandela imithetho elula yokunakekelwa: uyinamanzele kahle, ugcine ibhalansi ekhanyayo. khumbulani, lokho noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kokuqukethwe kwenza buthakathaka ukuzivikela kwe-hoyakubangele izifo noma izinambuzane.