I-cactus enezimbali eziqhakazile - i-Echinocereus. Konke odinga ukukwazi ngale ndoda ebukekayo
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu, abatshali bezimbali bebelokhu bekhulisa i-cacti njengezitshalo zasendlini. Sekukonke, umndeni wakwaCactus uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120. Omunye wabo ngu-Echinocereus.
Esihlokweni sethu, sizocubungula uhlobo oluyinhloko lwalesi simnandi, sizokhuluma ngemithetho yokukhula nokunakekelwa kwayo. Uzofunda ngezindlela zokuzalisa ze-Echinocereus. Ungabuka futhi ividiyo ewusizo ngalesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-Botanical
Uhlobo lwe-Echinocereus lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70... Ngokuya ngohlobo, ihlumela lingaba yindilinga noma libe yi-cylindrical. Ukuphakama akukwedluli ku-60 cm, ukuphakama okuphakathi cishe kungama-cm ayi-20. Iziqu zinegatsha kakhulu - kuma-specimens aneminyaka ephakathi, inani lamahlumela lingafinyelela kumakhulu.
I-Areola - ama-tubercles lapho kukhula khona imiqolo, akuvamile ukutholakala. Izimbali zikhulu impela - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 cm ubude no-6-9 cm ububanzi (kwezinye izinhlobo kuze kufike ku-12 cm). Zifana nefeleni elisesimweni. Umbala yiwo ohluke kakhulu - kusuka kobomvu ngokukhanyayo kuye ekuphepheni okuluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo zincane (1-3.5 cm ububanzi), ziyindingilizi, ziluhlaza noma zibomvu. Amabhubhu kanye namashubhu ezimbali ambozwe ameva.
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa i-Echinocereus kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cacti ngameva ezithelo... Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlobo lohlobo lwalo lwathola igama lalo kusukela esiGrekini "echinos" - "hedgehog" kanye nesiLatini "cereus" - "ikhandlela". Futhi ekhaya lesi sitshalo sibizwa nge- "strawberry cactus" noma "sitrobheli hedgehog" ngokunambitheka okuhle nephunga lesithelo. Ngokwemvelo, ama-echinocereus atholakala eNyakatho Melika eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico, ezindaweni ezinelanga - ezingwadule, ezinkangala, ezintabeni.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nencazelo yezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-Echinocereus lapha.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Echinocereus, izithombe zazo
Ezintathu
Ihluka ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu, okufana nama-poppies. Ezitshalweni ezincane, amahlumela ayindilinga, ngobudala ayelula.
Ngameva
Izimbali ze-Thornless Echinocereus zifana ne-chamomile ephuzi. Iziqu ziyindilinga, ezinezimbambo ezijulile ezihlukile.
Sabhala nge-cacti engenameva lapha.
I-Knippel
Zifana ne-chamomile nezimbali ze-Echinocereus Knippel, kepha umbala wazo upinki ophaphathekile. Njengase-Echinocereus trichoid, isiqu esiyindilinga sehlumela elincane sithola ukwakheka kwesilinda njengoba sikhula.
Kunzima kakhulu
I-Echinocereus enzima kakhulu ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngenxa yezimbali zayo ezinkulu ezikhanyayo ezibomvana... Umbala wameva uncike ekukhanyeni - emthunzini ziphenduka ziphuzi, kuthi elangeni ziba bomvana. Kukhona nezitshalo ezinameva abomvu (ifomu leRubrispinus).
Reichenbach
I-Echinocereus Reichenbach iqhakaza ngezimbali ezinkulu (kufika ku-10 cm ububanzi, nasezinhlobonhlobo zeBaileyi - kufika ku-12 cm), umbala wayo uhluka kusuka kophinki kuye kobubende (cishe ama-cacti ahlukene aqhakaza umbala obomvana noma onombala onjalo, funda lapha). Iziqu nazo ziyi-cylindrical, zakha amahlumela amaningi.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukunakwa: Njengama-cacti amaningi, ama-echinocereus awathobeki neze. Uma ulandela imithetho ethile elula, imbali izozizwa kahle iminyaka eminingi.
- Ukukhanyisa... Udinga ukukhetha ifasitela elishise kakhulu endlini, ukuze imisebe yelanga iwele ngqo esitshalweni. Uma ihlobo lishisa, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhiphe imbiza ye-cactus emoyeni omusha.
- Ukunisela... Umswakama omningi awamukeleki - ungaholela ekuboleni kwezimpande. Ebusika, ukuchelela akudingeki, ehlobo udinga ukunisela imbali kakhulu, kepha ngaphambi kokunisela ngakunye udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi yomile ngokuphelele.
- Ithempelesha... Njengama-cacti amaningi, i-echinocereus, abomdabu basehlane, bane-thermophilic kakhulu (funda nge-cacti ekhula ogwadule lapha). Ehlobo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlinzeka ngezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu- + 30 ° C. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe cishe ku-15 ° C. Akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka uma izinga lokushisa lehla kancane. Ngokwemvelo, amanye ama-echinocereus abekezelela ngisho namazinga okushisa amabi (kufika ku -25 ° C). Noma kunjalo, akukufanele ukuzama. I-Echinocereus engenameva ingafa vele ezingeni lokushisa elingu- + 5 ° C.
- Ukuncoma... Ngokwemvelo, i-Echinocereus ikhula enhlabathini enamadwala nesihlabathi, ngakho-ke isihlabathi somfula omahhadlahhadla kanye no-gravel omuhle kufanele wengezwe enhlanganisweni esenzelwe ama-succulent athengwe esitolo.
- Imbiza... Njengoba u-Echinocereus akha amahlumela amaningi, udinga ukukhetha izimbiza ezinkulu ezanele bona. Ukujula kwembiza akufanele kube kukhulu. Ubuhle bezimbiza zobumba yikhono labo eliphakeme lokuhwamuka umswakama, okuvimbela ukumiswa kwamanzi nokubola kwezimpande. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodwe epulasitiki nakho kuvunyelwe, kepha akuvumeli umswakama udlule kahle, ngakho-ke, kulokhu, kufanele ukhethe imbiza ebanzi kunazo zonke enendawo enkulu yokuhwamuka futhi unakekele amanzi.
Ukuthena... Ukuthena i-cactus kwenziwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha uma ingxenye yaso engezansi ithintekile. Kusetshenziswa ummese obukhali ukusika izicubu ezithintekile ngokwehlukana. Ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa nohhafu kuya kwamabili, lapho isilonda siyaphola, ungatshala umdolofiya ebhodweni elisha. Kwesinye isikhathi, uma umdolofiya weluleke kakhulu, unganqamula phezulu bese ufafaza isilonda ngamalahle. Ngokushesha kwakhiwa ihlumela lendodakazi eduze kwesike. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo entwasahlobo.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu... I-Echinocereus ivame ukwenza kahle ngaphandle kokudla, kepha ngokuya ngokufakelwa kabusha okujwayelekile. Ngenkathi efudumele, u-Echinocereus angavundiswa njalo ngenyanga ngokudla okunomsoco. Akukho kudla okudingekayo kusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo.
Kungani ukufakelwa kabusha emva kobusika?
Ukufakelwa kabusha kwenziwa entwasahlobo. I-cacti esencane ekhula ngamandla iyayidinga minyaka yonke, emidala njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4. Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha ibhodwe okufanele libe likhudlwana kunelangaphambilini bese ulungisa inhlabathi njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza, ubumba olunwetshiwe noma izitsha zobumba eziphukile (izitini, ama-shards) zithelwa phansi ebhodweni... Ungangeza ikepusi lamabhodlela eligayiwe namahele amaqanda. Umsele odala kufanele ulahlwe. Ngemuva kwalokho i-cactus isuswa ngokucophelela ebhodweni bese kuhlolwa uhlelo lwamahhashi. Izimpande ezibolile nezifile ziyasuswa bese izimpande ezinempilo zifinyezwa cishe 1/3... Inhlabathi ebhodweni elisha iswakanyiswe kancane futhi isitshalo sitshalwe kuso.
Okubalulekile: Ungayiniseli i-Echinocereus amasonto ayi-1-2 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha! Ngemuva kwalokho, ukunisela, sebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe ekamelweni lokushisa.
Sincoma ukubuka ividiyo mayelana nokufakelwa kwe-Echinocereus:
Ukulima nokuzala kabusha
Kusuka embewini
Ukukhulisa i-cactus kusuka embewini kuyinkqubo enzima... Abanye abalimi bayakwazi ukuthola imbewu bebodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye kwe-Echinocereus yezinhlobo ezifanayo zobulili obuhlukile. Imbali yesifazane impova ngebhulashi, kuthi ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ayaphule akhiphe imbewu.
Kulula kakhulu ukuthenga imbewu eyenziwe ngomumo. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele zifakwe kwisisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide esingu-3% bese zigcinwa imizuzu emihlanu. Lungisa inhlabathi namanzi ngendlela efanayo yokutshala i-cacti. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, i-substrate ibalwa. Imbewu incane, inhlabathi ayijule kangako ekuhlwanyeleni, kanti imbewu encane kakhulu itshalwa phezulu.
Izimo zokushisa okushisa ezinomswakama ophezulu ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlume imbewu. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ungasebenzisa i-cottage greenhouse yasehlobo. Amazinga okushisa emini angafika ku-40 ° С, ebusuku kufanele ancishiswe abe ngu-20 ° С noma ngisho no-18 ° С. Ukuhluma kwembewu kungathatha isikhathi eside. Uma ezinye zezinhlamvu sezivele sezihlumile, kanti ezinye azikaze, ungalanda imbewu engakahlumi bese uyigcina egumbini lemifino esiqandisini izinyanga eziyi-3-4.
Kuzoqhuma ngokushesha lapho kuhlwanyelwa kabusha. Lapho izithombo zikhula kancane, zidinga ukucwiliswa futhi zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezincane, noma embizeni eyodwa ebanzi, enendawo eyanele wonke umuntu. Iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila kuka-Echinocereus, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kumele ligcinwe unyaka wonke.
Njengezinye izitshalo, izici ezahlukahlukene zinganyamalala ngenkathi kusakazwa imbewu.
Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo emayelana nokukhula kwe-Echinocereus kusuka kumbewu:
Izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo
Indlela elula yokukhiqiza kabusha i-echinocereus (njengamanye ama-cacti) yizinqubo ezihamba phambili... Imvamisa zakha ezansi kwesitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha amahlumela amakhulu (amancane angafa ngaphambi kokuqothula), uwahlukanise nesitshalo sabazali. Uma inqubo ihlukaniswe ngommese, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukucubungula ukusika ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Ungalinda nokuthi ihlumela lizihlukanise ne-cactus yabantu abadala. Amahlumela abekwa ephepheni elingenalutho futhi omiswe endaweni enomoya omuhle izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho ummbila owomile usendaweni esikiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kungathatha amasonto amabili ukuthi isilonda sipholile. Amahlumela azihlukanisile awadingi ukomiswa.
Okulandelayo, kukhethwa imbiza encane, kulungiswa inhlabathi kanye nemisele, njengokufakelwa kabusha. I-substrate kumele ibe manzi... Indawo yokusika kufanele ixhumane nomhlabathi, futhi asikho isidingo sokwengeza isithasiselo. Inhlabathi ingafafazwa ngamatshe amancane - azovimbela ukukhuphuka komswakama. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo isinezimpande, kufanele inakekelwe njengesitshalo esidala.
Ukuqhakaza
I-Echinocereus ingaqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Amahlumela avela eceleni kwe-areola (amanye ama-cacti anezimbali ngqo kusuka e-areola). Ekuqaleni, kuba namaqhubu amancane eduze kwezigcawu zonyaka odlule, imvamisa ohlangothini lwesitshalo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, awukwazi ukuvula i-cactus nolunye uhlangothi ekukhanyeni, lokhu kungonakalisa ama-buds. Izicubu zesiqu zidabukile, kuqala kukhonjiswa umkhuhlane, bese kuba ameva. Ngemuva kwalokho, ihlumela liqala ukukhula, okungathatha izinyanga ezimbili. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ichopho lehlumela lidwetshwe ngesici sombala walolu hlobo lwe-Echinocereus... Izimbali eziqhakazayo zikhipha iphunga elimnandi le-citrus.
I-Echinocereus iqhakaza isikhathi eside kunamanye ama-cacti, imbali ingahlala isonto elilodwa.
Sincoma ukubuka ividiyo mayelana nezici zezimbali ze-Echinocereus:
Izifo nezinambuzane
Inkinga enkulu umhloli wezimbali angabhekana nayo ukubola kwezimpande ze-Echinocereus ngenxa yamanzi amile ebhodweni noma umswakama ophezulu. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokugcina i-cactus kuzovimbela le nkinga.
Kwesinye isikhathi imbali ingaba yizisulu zezilokazane ezinjenge-mealybugs, spider mites noma i-shield aphid.
Ukubhubhisa ama-parasites, lesi sitshalo siyafuthwa futhi siniselwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile, kuthi ngemuva kokufa kwezinambuzane, zitshalwe ebhodweni elisha. I-spider mite isuswa ngesandla bese i-cactus iphathwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ebulala umkhaza kanye nezibungu.
Izitshalo ezifanayo
- UMamillaria - futhi ne-cactus eyindilinga encane enezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu (i-cacti eqhakaza ngokubomvu ichazwe lapha). Isici esihlukile ukuthi isiqu asinazimbambo.
- I-Echinopsis - i-cactus ejwayelekile kakhulu ku-floriculture yasendlini. Njengo-Echinocereus, isiqu esiyindilinga sisuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimbali zakhona nazo zinkulu, zinombala osuka kokumhlophe kuye kobubende.
- I-Notocactus - ukuma kwesiqu nakho kusondele ku-Echinocereus, izimbali zinkulu, ziphuzi, ziwolintshi noma zibomvu, kushubhu lembali, njenge-Echinocereus, kukhona ameva (ungathola ngezinhlobo zeNotocactus kule ndaba).
- I-Echinocactus - i-cactus enkulu yeglobular enezimbali eziphuzi, ezibomvana noma ezibomvu. Ekhaya (eMexico), izithelo ezi-candied ziyalungiswa zisuka emgodini wazo.
- I-Astrophytum - umdolofiya omncane onesiqu esiyindilinga noma esiyindilinga, embozwe nge-villi emhlophe. Izimbali ziphuzi, zikhulu
Isiphetho
I-Echinocereus kulula ngokwanele ukuthi ikhule ekhaya. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, zingaqhakaza minyaka yonke. Ngemuva kokuqoqa ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi cactus esihle efasiteleni, ungajabulela izimbali ezinamakha amnandi iminyaka eminingi, futhi uma unenhlanhla, khona-ke izithelo ze "sitrobheli hedgehog".