IWoodlice - ziyizidalwa ezinjani futhi zihlala kuphi? Incazelo nencazelo yezinhlobo ezivamile
I-Woodlice akuzona izinambuzane, kodwa ama-crustaceans amancane (amabhungane noma ama-crustaceans). Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 zama-woodlice. Bonke laba bantu banezifo ezinama-gill nama-scaly. IWoodlice ayizikisi noma iminze emanzini, ayifeli endaweni enamanzi. Bahlala ezimeni zomswakama omkhulu. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zezintwala zokhuni ezihlala emvelweni nasemafulethini.
Incazelo emfushane
Lawa ama-crustaceans amancane: ubude obuphakathi ngu-10-13 mm. Umbala womzimba umpunga noma umnyama, ukuma kuyi-convex, i-oval. Ingxenye ngayinye ku-carapace inezinyawo zayo. Sekukonke, i-woodlice inamabhangqa emilenze ayi-7. Ekhanda lomuntu ngamunye kunezimbili ezi-2 zezimpondo, amehlo atholakala ezinhlangothini. Izitho ezithintekayo zitholakala ekugcineni komzimba, zibukeke zifana nama-ponytails wesithasiselo.
IWoodlice izidalwa ezihlala phansi futhi ezihamba kancane. Uma kunengozi, abantu bazigoqa babe ibhola, kuthi igobolondo eliminyene le-chitin lisebenza njengesivikelo esihle kakhulu ezitheni.
Kule ndaba ungathola amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-woodlice, mayelana nendlela yokuphila nezinhlobo zala ma-crustaceans.
Zingaki izinhlobo ezikhona?
Inani lazo zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans anjalo emhlabeni cishe lalingama-3500. Iningi labo lihlala endaweni enamanzi. Azikho ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-250 ezijwayele izimo zomhlaba. ERussia, azikho ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyi-10 ze-woodlice ezijwayele izimo zezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abambalwa kuphela abamele la ma-crustaceans abakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi nomswakama olinganiselayo.
Yini ephilayo emvelweni?
Abantu batholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba wonke emhlabeni.
- Umkhumbi wempi ujwayelekile. Indawo yokuhlala - iYurophu, iMelika. Lawa angama-invertebrate avame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani ezisogwini lwaseCalifornia.
- Izintwala zezinkuni zasolwandle. Bahlala emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya ekujuleni kwe-180-200 m.
- Izintwala zezinkuni ezingabonakali. Amahlathi emvula, izindawo ezisenkabazwe ezinemvula ende.
Yize kunesidingo somswakama njalo, i-woodlice ingatholakala ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu zomhlaba - lezi zingwadule kwa-Israyeli naseNyakatho Afrika, izindishi ze-hypersaline e-Australia.
Funda ngokuthi i-woodlice ibukeka kanjani esithombeni nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezikhona emvelweni, thola kulokhu okubhaliwe.
Emafulethini nasezindlini
Ezindlini zokuhlala nasezindlini kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezintwala zokhuni: lezi yizintwala ezivamile zezinkuni noma ama-armadillos nezintwala ezinamapulangwe (mayelana nokuthi izintwala zezinkuni zivelaphi, ukuthi ungasusa kanjani ubukhona bazo efulethini, thola lapha). Abantu bokuqala bavame ukukhetha izindlu zomswakama nezindlu ezinamanzi zokuhlala. Ama-crustaceans amabi angatholakala emafulethini naseminyango. Laba ngabantu abahamba kakhulu, banqoba kalula phansi kwamabhilidi.
Kungaziphi izizathu kuvela izintwala zezinkuni endlini nasefulethini nokuthi ungaziqeda kanjani, funda lapha, futhi uthole ngezintwala zezinkuni ezihlala endlini yangasese nasendlini yangasese kule nto.
Izinhlobo: incazelo nencazelo
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo zama-crustaceans ahlala ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni.
Impi yempi ejwayelekile
Igama lesiLatini ngu-Armadillidium vulgare. Lona ummeleli ojwayelekile wama-crustaceans.
Igama lohlobo luchazwa ngokuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo somzimba: igobolondo le-chitinous liminyene, limnyama, liphakama ngaphezu komzimba.
Ekubukeni kwabo, abantu ngabanye bafana nezinsika ezinemilenze emibili. Umzimba wala ma-crustaceans ungama-oblong, uqukethe izingxenye (ikhanda, indawo yomlomo wesibeletho yamahhala, umzimba we-scaly). I-carapace imnyama futhi yinde.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile nazo ziyahlukaniswa.
Kubi
Abantu banegobolondo elithambile nelisicaba, umbala ungaba mpunga ojwayelekile noma obomvu, ophuzi.
Ingulube (Porcellio scaber)
Laba ngabamele abancane bohlobo olungazi ukugobeka lube yibhola uma kunengozi. Inegobolondo elinzima elingaphandle elibuyekezwa njalo.
Centipede
Elinye igama yi-flycatcher. Okufakwe ku-oda yama-arthropods, kungokomndeni wama-millipedes. Inomzimba oyisicaba, ohlukanisiwe, ingxenye ngayinye inezidladla. Lapho usondela emsileni, ubude bemilenze buyanda. Sekukonke, abantu banemilenze engama-30.
Imilenze emibili yokugcina imihlathi yomlenze, iyadingeka ekubambeni inyamazane. Ekhanda labantu kukhona izinzipho ezimbili ezinobuthi. Umbala womzimba - grey-red or grey-brown. Ama-Centipedes adla izimpukane, amaphela.
I-Silverfish
Igama lesiLatini nguLepisma saccharina. Kungokwe-oda le-bristle-tails. I-Silverfish inomzimba ovulekile nemilenze eminingi, ihamba ngokushesha. Ubude bomzimba - 1-2 cm. Umbala - isiliva-mpunga. Ukudla - izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezibungu, kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe ama-polysaccharides nesitashi (iglu, ushukela, iphepha lodonga, izithombe).
Imisila emibili
Igama lesibili yizindlebe. Ziyingxenye yeqembu lezinambuzane zemihlathi eziyisithupha ezifihlekile zemilenze eyisithupha. Ubude obumaphakathi bungu-2-3 cm. Esilwaneni esinemisila emibili, yisisu kuphela esihlukanisiwe, awekho amehlo, izimpondo ezinde zikhula ekhanda (kuze kufike kwengxenye yawo wonke umzimba womuntu ngamunye). Ingxenye yokugcina inezithasiselo - i-cerci, izitinyela. Zingaba mncane noma ziqine njengamazipho. Azizona eziyingozi kumuntu (ngokuthi ngabe i-woodlice iyingozi yini kubantu nokuthi iyingozi kanjani ezitshalweni, emakhaya nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo, funda lapha). Indawo yemisila emibili ibumnyama, indawo emanzi.
Okusobala
Umzimba womuntu awubonakali, kepha uyisiliva noma umhlophe, kepha ekukhanyeni kwelanga kubonakala kucishe kube sobala. Abantu bathola lo mbala othile ngemuva kwama-molts ama-3.
Funda nge-white woodlice kule ndaba.
Ezasolwandle
Umehluko kubamele umhlaba ubukhona bomsila, uzipho olunamandla ezinqeni zalo, amehlo amakhulu nombono omuhle. Ubukhulu bethole buvela ku-5-10 mm kuye ku-15-40 cm.Bahlala emanzini, kepha baya ezweni (amawa e-limestone, amatshe amanzi). Kushesha ukwedlula abafowabo bomhlaba. Umbala weShell ungumbala oluhlaza ongcolile, onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezifile, izibungu, izimbaza kanye ne-algae.
Izintwala zezinkuni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yizintwala zezinkuni zasolwandle. Yi-isopod enkulu uBathynomus gigantes. Ubukhulu bezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu: ubude - 76 cm, isisindo - 1.7 kg. Lo ngumuntu ohlala olwandle olujulile ongakaze aye emhlabathini. Wabanjwa yi-trawler.
Ngakho-ke, ama-woodlice angama-crustaceans amancane ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3500 zalezi zidalwa, kepha ezingekho ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-250 esezijwayele impilo esemhlabeni. Ummeleli ojwayelekile yi-woodlice-armadillo evamile. Itholakala kokubili emvelweni nasezindaweni zokuhlala. Kepha kaningi, izintwala zokhuni ezilukhuni zihlala emafulethini nasezindlini.