Uyini umfula olwandle futhi uhluke kanjani kudelta
Uma ucubungula imizimba emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi yini eyakha umfula. Leli gama lisho isigaba sokugcina somfula, ukuma kwawo kufana nofele. Umlomo wedamu elinjalo unengalo eyodwa futhi ubanzi ubheke olwandle.
Uvela kanjani umkhumbi
I-Estuary ngokuhumusha kusuka ku-Latin ibizwa "Isiziba esinezikhukhula"... Inokwakheka okwakhiwe ngohlaka kanye nengalo eyodwa, futhi inganweba ibheke olwandle. Ku-geography, kukhona nomqondo ophambene - yi-delta, okuwumlomo womfula ohlukaniswe waba iziteshi. IDelta ine-Amazon neNayile. Kodwa umlomo weVolga ungabizwa ngokuthi yi-delta kanye nomfula.
Lo mkhuba uyabonakala lapho umhlaba unesihlabathi ugezwa khona ngenxa yemisinga yolwandle noma amagagasi. Kwakhiwa ukucindezeleka, okusondele echibini likasawoti. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwakhiwa imifula eduze naseYenisei naseDon.
Ukwahlukanisa
Ososayensi bahlukanisa lezi zakhiwo ngokuya ngokujikeleza kwamanzi kanye nokwakheka komhlaba kwenhlabathi. Kukholakala ukuthi imifula yasendulo yasungulwa ngokwemvelo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningi eyedlule, lapho ukuphela kwenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa kwakusondela. Lokhu kungenxa yolwandle oluphansi. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zibizwa ngamathafa asogwini.
Uma izingxenye zemifula enezindawo zokudangala zihlukaniswe nolwandle ngamabhishi, zibizwa ngokuthi izithiyo zemingcele. Lezi yizakhiwo ezinde nezincane, ezihambisana nogu, cishe ngamamitha ama-5 ukujula.
Izindawo zemifula iTectonic ziye zavela ezindaweni zokudamba kwamatshe ngaphansi kwethonya lezintaba-mlilo noma ukuqhuma komhlaba. Ukudalulwa okwenziwe ngokwemvelo kuqoqa amanzi amasha nolwandle uma umhlaba ungaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.
Imifula eyakhiwe izinguzunga zeqhwa ibizwa ngama-fjords. Amabhulokhi amakhulu eqhwa ahambela olwandle futhi aqopha imichilo ejulile ngasogwini lolwandle. Ngemuva kokuba amanzi afriziwe ehlehlile, izingcindezi zagcwaliswa futhi.
Imifula emise okomgexo izigaba zemifula lapho amanzi ajikeleza kakhulu kakhulu kuneminye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha amagagasi athathwa njengabalulekile. Ungqimba lwamanzi ahlanzekile luyehla kancane kancane kulezo zindawo lapho ichweba lisondela olwandle. Ingqimba emise okwekhanda yale ndawo ingabonakala ezindaweni zamanzi olwandle acinene. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningana, kuya ngokuthi amanzi ahlanganiswa kanjani. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bokuma komhlaba bahlukanisa uhlobo olungapheli, olubonakala ngokushintshwa okuphelele.
Imifula emikhulu yeRussia nezwe
Isiziba somkhumbi esikhulu kunazo zonke yingxenye yomfula obizwa ngeGironde. Ubude bayo ngu-72 km. ENyakatho Carolina (United States of America) kunetheku elibizwa nge-Albemarl. Kungokwamachweba amakhulu, ahlukaniswe nolwandle i-Atlantic ngentambo ye-Outer Shoals.
Uma sicabangela insimu yaseRussia, ake siqambe imilambo ngesimo somfula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imfundo ngeYenisei ne-Ob. Ingxenye ye-Amur yomfula ivuselela ichweba lendawo. IVolga inomlomo ofanayo, yize abanye ososayensi bethambekele ekukholweni ukuthi umlomo wayo useyizintaba.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Umlomo yindawo lapho umfula uhlangana khona nomunye umzimba wamanzi. Lapha ungabona i-delta noma i-estuary. Lapho ingxenye yokwakheka kwamanzi isoma ngenxa yokuhwamuka noma ukungenelela komuntu, bakhuluma ngomlomo ongaboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona yonke imifula enomlomo waphakade. Amanye amadamu ohlelo olubhekiwe angashintsha isiteshi kuye ngesizini.
Ngokuvamile, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-delta ne-estuary yimibono emibili ephikisanayo.
Imininingwane ethakazelisayo
Imifula emide kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni yiNayile, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-6,653 km. Endaweni yesibili yi-Amazon, egeleza eBrazil.
Imifula ebanzi kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Uhlu lwemifula ebanzi kunazo zonke emhlabeni lubandakanya i-Kama, egeleza ingene endaweni yaseRussia, okuyiyona egeleza kakhulu eVolga. Kumele kuqashelwe i-Amazon (i-delta ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-325 ububanzi) neNayile, ebanzi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zamanzi angenasawoti emhlabeni.
Umfula omude kunayo yonke eRussia
I-Russia inenethiwekhi ebanzi yemifula, imifudlana nemifudlana. Abaningi babo abanalo ngisho negama. Kepha kukhona nemidondoshiya yangempela. Umfula omude kunayo yonke eRussia yiLena, engamakhilomitha angama-4400 ubude. Endaweni yesibili yi-Irtysh, eyi-4248 km ubude.