I-orchid yedracula engajwayelekile: incazelo, ukunakekelwa nesithombe sesitshalo
IDracula orchid ingenye yezinhlobo ze-orchid ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezingavamile. IDracula ngesiLatin ithi "udrako": le mbali yaqanjwa kanjalo ukuze ibe yisiqalo se-inflorescence, esikhumbuza ubuso bukadrako.
Lawa ma-orchid athandwa ngabalimi bezimbali ngokubukeka kwabo okungavamile nokuhlaba umxhwele, ukunotha kwemithunzi kanye nokukwazi ukuqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke. kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezici zalolu hlobo lwe-orchid, ngemithetho yokukhula, ukutshala, ukunakekelwa nokuzala. Bheka futhi ividiyo ewusizo esihlokweni.
Incazelo yobulili
IDracula akuyona inhlobo eyodwa, kepha uhlobo lonke lwama-orchid, futhi kunezinhlobo eziyi-123 kuyo (abanye babiza inombolo 126). Izwe lakubo yi-Ecuador, lapho kubonakala khona izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eMexico nasePeru - lena yimingcele esenyakatho naseningizimu yohlobo.
Njengawo wonke ama-orchid, i-dracula iyi-epiphyte (isitshalo esizinamathela kwezinye izitshalo, kodwa singazikhubazi, kepha siyisebenzisa njengesisekeli). Kodwa-ke, ivame ukukhula kanye phansi. Onke ama-orchid alezi zinhlobo abonakala ngeziqu ezimfushane, amaqabunga amade amancanyana kanye nokuma kwembali okuthile: ama-sepals amathathu, ahlanganiswe phansi, anemikhono emide emincane emaphethelweni.
QAPHELA: Ngaphandle kwegama lesayensi, umbala othize nokuma kophondo (ipetal eliguqulwe ngendlela ekhethekile) kunika izimbali eziningi ukufana hhayi nodrako, kepha nobuso benkawu. Ngakho-ke, igama lesibili, elizimele le-dracula yi-monkey orchid.
Esinye isici se-dracula ukungabikho kwama-pseudobulls. (ukwakheka okukhethekile, okunama-bulbs, lapho izitshalo ze-epiphytic zigcina umswakama). Ngokwengxenye, imisebenzi yama-pseudobulbs ithathwa ngamaqabunga avulekile, anesiponji.
Ngokokuqala ngqá omele uhlobo loDracula wachazwa ngo-1870 ngusosayensi wezitshalo uHeinrich Gustav Reichenbach. Le mbali yamangaza umcwaningi ngesimo sayo esingajwayelekile, lapho yathola khona igama elithi "chimera". Ekuqaleni, yanikezwa olunye uhlobo lohlobo - iMasdevallia, kepha ngo-1878, ngokwesisekelo seminye imiphumela, uhlobo lweDracula lwahlukaniswa nohlobo lukaMasdevallia, kwathiwa "i-chimera" yanikezwa igama lesayensi iDracula chimaera.
Uhlobo luhlukaniswe ngama-subgenera amathathu, okukhona kuwo ama-monotypic (aqukethe uhlobo olulodwa):
- UDracula sodiroa - ifaka uhlobo kuphela lweDracula sodiroi.
- UDracula xenosia - kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zeDracula xenos.
- IDracula dracula - le subgenus ifaka zonke ezinye izinhlobo.
Isithombe
Okulandelayo, ungabona esithombeni ukuthi i-orchid yedracula ibukeka kanjani:
"UDracula Sodiroa"
"UDracula Xenosia"
"Dracula Dracula"
Ukukhula ekhaya
Ama-orchid ohlobo lweDracula athandwa kakhulu njengezitshalo zokugcina izithombo kanye nezitshalo zasendlini.... Abalimi bayabathanda ngokubukeka kwabo okumangazayo, amandla abo okuqhakaza unyaka wonke, futhi ngoba kulula kakhulu ukudala izimo ezithandekayo zedracula kunamanye ama-orchid amaningi.
OKUBALULEKILE: Ngokwemvelo, lezi zimbali zikhula ezintabeni, ezimeni zenhlabathi ephakeme kanye nomswakama womoya, ukukhanya okuphansi, futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi impela. Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile kakhulu kulawa ma-orchid ngu- + 15 C. Ngenkathi efudumele, ama-draculae akwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku- + 25 C.
Ukukhethwa kwesihlalo
Ukukhetha indawo efanele kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba Ama-orchid e-Dracula azwela kakhulu elangeni... Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bahlala esihlahleni sehlathi elishisayo, lapho ilanga eliqondile lingangeni khona, ngakho-ke, ilanga elikhanyayo kakhulu lingazishisa ngokoqobo lezi zimbali - kuzovela izindawo ezishile emaqabungeni. Kodwa-ke, uma indawo imnyama kakhulu, i-orchid ngeke nje iqhume.
Inketho ekahle yale mibala ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuwabeka kumafasitela asempumalanga noma eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ezasenyakatho nazo ziyafaneleka, kepha ngesikhathi sekwindla-sasebusika ama-orchid asemafasiteleni asenyakatho azoswela ukukhanya, futhi kuzodingeka unakekele izibani zokuzenzela. Ezaseningizimu azinconywa kakhulu - isitshalo sizoshisa amaqabunga bese soma. Uma kungekho enye indlela, kunconywa ukugcina isitshalo okungenani imitha kude nefasitela bese usimboza nge-tulle.
Ukwehla
Njengesisekelo sokutshala la ma-orchid, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ingxube yamagxolo aqoshiwe ezihlahla ze-coniferous nge-peat, sawdust, amalahle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - i-sphagnum moss, bukhoma noma omisiwe. Le ngxube ibekwa ezitsheni zokhuni noma zepulasitiki. Ama-orchid nawo angatshalwa nge-sphagnum emsulwa... Njengoba isoma, ubulembu kufanele buphuziswe ngamanzi athambile, okungcono amanzi emvula.
Umswakama womoya
Izindawo zokukhula kwemvelo kwama-orchid zibonakala ngemvula ejwayelekile kanye nenkungu eminyene. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimbali zidinga umswakama ophezulu womoya - kusuka kuma-60% nangaphezulu, okuhle kungu-80-85%. Ukukhulisa umswakama womoya ngqo eduze kwezitshalo, ungasebenzisa i-humidifier noma uhlomise amathreyi ngobumba olunwetshiwe olumanzi.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela lezi zimbali kudinga amanzi athambile, angenayo i-chlorine ne-lime. Imvula, ukuncibilika, noma amanzi acolisisiwe kungcono kakhulu, kepha uma ungakwazi ukuwathola, inhlanganisela engu-1: 1 yamanzi ompompi ahlanjiwe futhi ajwayelekile, noma amanzi kampompi ahlungiwe azokwenza.
Umbuso wokunisela uxhomeke ngqo ekushiseni komoya nasezingeni lokukhanyisa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo asigcini ngokumunca umswakama kuphela, kodwa futhi siyasihwamuka ebusweni bamaqabunga. Ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwe-orchid kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-22 C, cishe inani elifanayo lomswakama liyahwamuka njengoba limunca. Kepha ngokwanda kokushisa, inqubo iphazamiseka: ukuhwamuka kuyashesha, futhi ukumunca, kunalokho, kwehlisa ijubane. ngakho-ke ngenkathi efudumele, i-orchid idinga kakhulu ukuchelela njalo nokuswakama komoya okufakelwayo.
I-substrate lapho izimbali zikhula khona kufanele ibe manzi. Kodwa-ke, uma utshala ama-orchid ezimbizeni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi amanzi avele phansi ebhodweni uqobo noma epanini - lokhu kuzoholela ekuboliseni kwezimpande nangaphansi kwesitshalo uqobo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ama-orchid e-Dracula azwela kakhulu kosawoti, atholakala ngobuningi kumanyolo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukondla lezi zimbali ngokucophelela okukhulu, uhlaziya umthamo okhonjiswe ephaketheni izikhathi ezimbili noma ezine. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kuphela umanyolo okhethekile obhalwe ukuthi "ama-orchid", ongahloselwe umhlaba, kepha owe-substrate avame ukutshalwa kuwo.
Dlulisa
Ama-orchid e-Dracula awadingi ukutshalwa kabusha kaningi... Kufanele zitshalwe kabusha kuphela uma i-substrate ifakwa usawoti noma isitshalo sikhule kakhulu.
Ukuqhakaza
Zonke izinhlobo zama-dracula orchid, ezinakekelwa kahle, ziyakwazi ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke. Lezi zimbali azidingi isikhathi sokulala noma izimo ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma kunesidingo, ungakhuthaza ukuvela kwezimbali "ngomehluko wokushisa" - ukudala izimo lapho umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku uzoba ngama-degree ama-3-5 (ebusuku izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phansi). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukususa i-peduncle yokomisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadingeka ukufakelwa kwesitshalo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ama-orchid akhiqiza inqwaba yembewu, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlwanyela ekhaya. Ama-orchid avame ukusatshalaliswa ngemifino - ahlukanisa ingxenye nesitshalo esidala... Izigaba kufanele zomiswe amahora ayi-12-20, zicwiliswe kumalahle agayiwe, ngemuva kwalokho zingatshalwa esitsheni esihlukile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngeshwa, ama-dracula orchids athinteka kwizifo eziningi, futhi futhi "akhanga" kakhulu ezinambuzaneni. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwabala wonke - kunezinambuzane ezingaphezu kwama-90 ezahlukahlukene zama-orchid, kusuka ku-aphid kuya ezifweni zefungal.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kushiwo izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezifo zalezi zimbali:
- Ama-Thrips Ingabe izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu. Isitshalo esithintwe yi-thrips cishe asikwazi ukuvuselelwa. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwalezi zinambuzane, lesi sitshalo kufanele sifuthwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngokufakwa kwegalikhi.
- Izimpukane ezimhlophe hlala emaqabungeni bese ubeka izibungu zawo phezu kwawo. Lesi silokazane simelana nobuthi, ngakho-ke kuphephile ukususa izibungu ngesandla bese ufafaza i-orchid nge-calendula ukumnika.
- I-Aphid izondla ngotshani lwesitshalo, ngokoqobo "ukumunca" imbali. Ama-aphid nawo asuswa kahle ngesandla nge-swab kakotini efakwe emanzini anensipho.
- Izifo zefungal ama-orchid nawo ajwayelekile. Baphathwa ngamafungicides akhethekile ezitshalweni. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, isitshalo esinegciwane kufanele sihlukaniswe nakho konke okunye.
Qaphela ngokucophelela imibandela yokugcina i-orchid, futhi izokujabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle unyaka wonke!
Buka ividiyo mayelana nezici zokukhula nokunakekela i-orchid yeDracula: