Ziyini izigaba zikashukela sebhitrudi ezikhulayo? Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala imifino

Ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi uneminyaka emibili ubudala impande yemifino. Ushukela, ama-molasses atholakala ezithelweni, futhi asebenza njengefolishi yemfuyo. Ama-beet acebile ezindaweni ezinomsoco nokuqukethwe ushukela. Abalimi batshala imifino ebhizinisini, abalimi benza izidingo zabo.

Lapho ukhula izitshalo zezimpande, kudingeka izimo ezikhethekile, ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezithombo, ukuvikelwa ezilokazaneni nasezifweni. Sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungathola kanjani isivuno sezitshalo esicebile nesinempilo.

Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 hectare

Izithelo zithonywe izimo zezulu nomswakama womhlabathi. Qoqa:

• ngokwesilinganiso sama-40 t / ha;
• ngomswakama owanele kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-90 t / ha;
• irekhodi lomhlaba 196.7 t / ha.

Ezimweni zezulu ezomile ngaphandle kokunisela, isivuno sizokwehla ngaphansi kuka-20-25t / ha.

Indlela yokukhula: ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo

Ukutshala ama-beet kashukela kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi... Ukuhlwanyela, lungisa inhlabathi entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kwalokhu:

1. Ekwindla kusetshenziswa umanyolo, inhlabathi ilinywe ibe ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukujula, kukhethwe ukhula. Cabanga ngabanduleli.
2. Ngentwasahlobo, bayacobeka futhi bahlakulele ekujuleni okungu-8 cm.
3. Imbewu ifakwa emanzini afudumele ubusuku bonke.
4. Imisele yenzelwa ukutshala ebangeni elingu-50 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ekushiseni komoya kwama-8 degrees - 12 degrees kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi okungama- + 6 degrees, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwe-5 cm.
5. Ngosuku lwesithupha emva kokuhlwanyela, icebo liyaphazamiseka.
6. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-5-7.
7. Izithombo zincishisiwe. Shiya izitshalo eziqinile.
8. Umhlabathi ukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uniselwe.
9. Ukuvuna.
10. Uthembise ukugcina noma okusetshenziselwa ibhizinisi.

Imephu yezobuchwepheshe yokulima okunamandla (ithebula):

https://vuzlit.ru/342751/tehnologicheskaya_karta_vozdelyvaniya_saharnoy_svyokly.

Izindleko zembewu futhi zithengwa kuziphi izinkampani?

EMoscow, imbewu ithengwa ezinkampanini:

• Isitolo esiku-inthanethi "Online.semenasad.ru": ama-ruble ayi-1050/1 kg; IRUBU 85 / nge-100 gr.
• I-LLC "Agrofirmamars": ama-ruble angama-260 / nge-1 kg.

Petersburg, imbewu iyathengwa ezinkampanini:

• isitolo esiku-inthanethi "i-Green Agro": ama-ruble angu-0.80 / nge-1 g; 40.00 ruble / nge-50 gr .;
• Ama -markmarket wesikhungo sokuhweba se-inthanethi: ama-ruble ayi-17 / nge-4 gr.;
• uchungechunge lwama-hypermarket "Maksidom": ama-ruble ayi-15 / nge-4 gr.

Isikhathi sokugibela

Isikhathi esivumayo sokuhlwanyela imbewu sincike esifundeni:

• kwezindawo eziphakathi nendawo - izinyanga zasentwasahlobo;
• ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele - izinyanga zasekwindla.

Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli... Ezinye izinsuku zokutshala aziqinisekisi isivuno osifunayo. Izithombo ezisencane zikashukela sebhitrudi ziyazwela emakhazeni asebusuku. Kulokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi ushintshe ukuhlwanyela.

Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu ngokususelwa kubanduleli

Indawo engafanele inciphisa isivuno sezimpande ezimnandi. Hlwanyela endaweni enelanga. Emthunzini, izimpande ngeke zikhuluphale. Uma ucabanga ababengaphambi kwakhe, inketho engcono kakhulu yama-beet yindawo ngemuva kwezinhlamvu zasebusika. Ama-pulses noma ama-clover wonyaka wokuqala kufanele akhule ngaphambi kwawo.

Izitshalo zezimpande zitshalwa endaweni endala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Ama-beet awakuthandi ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Inkomba! Ungalindeli isivuno esihle ngemuva kwabandulelayo: ummbila, ukudlwengulwa, ifilakisi, imidumba.

Kufanele ube yini umhlabathi?

Ukutshala, kukhethwa i-chernozems, loamy noma i-sandy loam nenhlabathi enempendulo engathathi hlangothi. Kufanele zibe lula, zithokoze, zinothe ngezakhi zomzimba, zithuthukiswe ngomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo namaminerali. Inhlabathi esindayo, enamanzi amaningi ene-pH engaphansi kuka-6% (esidi) ayikulungele ukutshala izimpande zezitshalo. Umhlabatsi kumele ungabi nelukhula kanye netigaxa letinkhulu.

Ukuhlwanyela

Izinga lembewu lixhomeke ekuhlumeni nasekuhlanzekeni. Lapho izinga lokuhluma likhuphuka, kudingeka imbewu encane yokutshala. Izinga lembewu lithinta ikhwalithi yezitshalo eziyimpande. Ngokwanda kokujwayelekile, izimpande zichotshoziwe. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokuhlwanyela kuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno.
Leli thebula likhombisa ukuthi mangaki amayunithi wokuhlwanyela ama-beet adingekayo endaweni ethile.

Amasiko	Inani lezitshalo ngamamitha ayi-102(PC.)	Inani lezitshalo ngehektha ngalinye (ama-PC.)	Izinga lembewu yomhlabathi ovulekile, (g / 10 m2)	Izinga lembewu yomhlabathi ovulekile, (kg / ha)
Isithombo sebhitrudi	400-600	400000-600000	10-12	10-12

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwama-2-3 cm, kude no-18-22 cm, kuye ngobuningi bokutshala obufunayo. Isikhala semigqa singamasentimitha angama-45 noma angama-50. Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, ubukhulu bezitshalo eziyi-80,000 - 100,000 ehektheleni ngalinye kuyanconywa. Izinga lokuhlwanyela ushukela sebhitrudi yizimbewu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-222.

Izimo zokutshala

Isithombo sebhitrudi sikhula kahle ezindaweni:

• isimo sezulu esilinganiselayo sezwekazi;
• ezishisayo;
• ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ukushisa okuphelele kwezitshalo zezimpande ezikhulayo:

• ukuhluma kwembewu 10-12 ° C;
• ngohlaza 20-22 ° C.

Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elincane lokuhluma kwembewu lingu-3-4 ° C. Ukuhluma kuyashesha ngokushisa okwandayo.

Amahlumela amancane azwela eqhweni. Ukumelana okubandayo kuyanda ngokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala.

Izitshalo zezimpande azikuthandi ukugcwala kwamanzi... Izimpande ezinde zisebenzisa umswakama womhlabathi oqoqwe ngesikhathi sokwindla-ebusika. Okuqukethwe ushukela kuthonywa yizinsuku ezinelanga ngo-Agasti-Okthoba. Isikhathi sokukhanya sisheshisa intuthuko.

Ukunisela

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyaniselwa ukuze kuhlume imbewu. Umswakama owandisiwe uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zezimpande kanye nokuqoqwa kokuqukethwe koshukela. Imvula enamandla ilimaza isivuno. Lesi sitshalo sidinga cishe ama-25 m3 ehektheleni ngalinye lamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhula, ama-40 m3 ehektheleni ngalinye eziqongweni ezikhulayo. Ukunisela kuncike enhlotsheni yenhlabathi nezimo zezulu:

• inhlabathi evulekile imanziswa kabili ngesonto;
• inhlabathi esindayo - kanye ngesonto.

Ukusimisa kumiswa amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuba kufike isikhathi sokuvuna. Ukunisela okuncane kuvunyelwe ukwenza lula ukukhishwa kwemifino emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ama-sugar beet afuna ngenkani ezimweni zenhlabathi... Kuthatha izakhamzimba eziningi kumanyolo. Ukukhulisa isivuno esikhulu, umquba usetshenziselwa zombili izinyosi nezilimo zasebusika ezandulelayo. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10-15 emva kokuhluma zingamaminerali asetshenziswa kakhulu.

1. Umanyolo one potassium ne phosphorus usetshenziswa emhlabathini ekwindla (10 - 20 kg / ha). Ukudla okunomsoco ngezinto eziwusizo kuyadingeka ngenkathi kwakhiwa izimpande izitshalo.
2. I-nitrogen yengezwa enhlabathini kancane kancane entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela (90-100 kg / ha).

Faka isicelo:

• i-lime-ammonium nitrate;
• i-calcium nitrogen sulfate ne-nitrogen sulfate.

Ukwelashwa komhlaba ngemithi yokubulala ukhula

Amalungiselelo akhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nomswakama womhlabathi. Faka isicelo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ithinta umphumela wokucubungula. Ngoba nokusatshalaliswa komuthi, amagabade amakhulu omhlaba achotshozwa.

Zelashwa ngokhula, kucatshangelwa izidingo:

• isikhathi - ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa;
• ukhula kumele lube sesikhathini sokuqala sokukhula;
• izinga lokushisa lomoya cishe ngama-20 degrees C;
• akukho imvula mayelana namahora ayisithupha ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Imithi yokubulala ukhula ethandwa kakhulu yilena:

• I-Betanal;
• ULontrel;
• I-Shogun.

Okubalulekile! Khumbula ukuvikela imvelo. Bheka amazinga okusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Vimbela ukuthi bangene emanzini angcolile nasemizileni yamanzi.

Ezinye izindlela zokunakekelwa kwemifino

Ama-beet awahluphi... Ingxenye yayo engenhla iphakama ngaphezu komhlaba, azikho izimpande esitshaleni sezimpande. Izinyathelo zokunakekelwa kwezinyosi zifaka:

• okuhlukumezayo;
• ukukhulula;
• umbhede.

I-Sugar beet ihlukumezeka ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 emva kokuhlwanyela noma ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhluma kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10-12. Ukukhululwa kokuqala kwenziwa emahlumela okuqala. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-4-5, ayadedelwa okwesibili aze afike ekujuleni okungama-6-8 cm.Ukuxegiswa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngemuva kokuchelela nemvula.

I-mulching ivumela:

• ukujwayelekile umswakama womhlabathi;
• ukuvikela amahlumela ekugugulekeni komoya namanzi;
• ukwandisa isibalo semisundu, okuzothuthukisa umoya wenhlabathi.

Njengesivalo semifino, bathatha utshani, obasala ezitshalweni zangonyaka odlule zikakolweni nerye. Kusetshenziswa amathani ayi-3-5 wesithombo semboza yotshani ehektheleni ngalinye lendawo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza

Izitshalo zempande zikhula izinyanga ezintathu... Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngoSepthemba esimweni sezulu esomile. Ama-beet avuthiwe aneziqongqo eziphuzi. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, kusetshenziselwa imishini ukuvunwa, ezindaweni ezincane ziyacekelwa phansi ngofoloki noma ngehalavu, bese zikhishwa ngesandla. Iziqongo zisuswa ngommese, i-hemp ishiywe ukuphakama okukodwa nohhafu cm, indawo yokusika ifafazwe ngomlotha.

Okubalulekile! Qaphela lapho uvuna. Izimpande ezonakalisiwe azikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Isitoreji

Isitshalo esikhethiwe:

1. kuhlanzwa emhlabeni;
2. yomiswe elangeni.

Gcina isivuno endaweni epholile, enomoya. Izimpande zezitshalo zivikelekile ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Uma ingekho indawo efanelekile, imifino ithelwa ezinqwabeni noma emseleni emasimini, imbozwe ngotshani noma ngesaha.

Izifo

I-Cercosporosis ngesinye sezifo eziyinhloko zikashukela sebhitrudi... Amaqabunga agobekile futhi omile ekubukekeni kwamabala ansundu noma ompunga. Kutholakala kuzo zonke izifunda. Iyanciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela kuze kufike ku-50% futhi ibhubhise kuze kufike ku-70% wesitshalo.

Izinyathelo zokulawula:

• ukumiswa kwenhlabathi ene-asidi;
• ukuhambisana nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo;
• izinto zokutshala zekhwalithi.

Ukuvikela ama-beet ezifweni, i-ash ash ne-boron iyangezwa emhlabathini. Ngokuswela i-boron emhlabathini noma ukungabikho kwayo kuma-beet, izimpande nokukhula okumnyama kuyakhiwa.

Izinambuzane

Izinambuzane zikashukela zenza umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Scoops... Isibungu sidla ngeziqu, siqede amaqabunga nezimpande esimweni sezulu esishisayo esomile.
2. I-Aphid... Imunya ijusi emaqabungeni amancane. Iyanda ngokushesha.
3. Amazeze... Baququda amaqabunga.
4. Izikelemu... Izibungu zebhungane zibhubhisa izimpande ezincane futhi zihambe ngezithelo.
5. UMat Dead Eater... Amabhungane nezibungu zilimaza izitshalo ezingcoliswe ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kuyasetshenziswa:

• izinga eliphezulu lokulima ngomshini;
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwenhlabathi nezitshalo.

Ishukela isithombo sebhitrudi siyimifino enempilo ezokhuphula ukuzivikela komzimba, yenze ukugaya ukudla kube ngendlela efanele, futhi igcwalise ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali. Kepha imifino nayo inokuphikisana ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunoshukela omningi. Lokhu kusebenza kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Imifino yezimpande yehlisa umfutho wegazi.

Bukela ividiyo: Zulu wedding (Julayi 2024).