Kuyini ukuzimela (izakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo): izinhlobo zemisebenzi, intela, umthetho wezakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo + ubuhle nobubi be-NPA

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Sanibonani bafundi abathandekayo bephephabhuku i-Ideas for Life. Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngokuthi yini ukuzisebenzela nokuthi iziphi izinhlobo zemisebenzi izakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo ezingayisebenzisa ngokomthetho.

Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele libiza malini? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Namuhla sithathe isinqumo sokulungisa udaba oluthandayo, uma kungenjalo bonke, khona-ke abantu abaningi ababandakanyekile ukukhiqizwa kwezandla, ubucwebe, bhaka amakhekhe athengiswayo noma bangabathwebuli zithombe, abafundisi... Zonke zazo 2019 iminyaka faka isigaba esisha - Ngiyazisebenza.

Sizozama ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe ama-nuances alesi simo, sinikeze incazelo yomqondo futhi siqonde ukuthi singayikhokha kanjani intela nokuthi ngabe idinga ukwenziwa yini.

Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda futhi:

yiziphi izinzuzo nezimbi ze "ozisebenzelayo";
lapho kusebenza khona umthetho;
kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganisa amafomu amaningi wenhlangano nawomthetho;
ukhokha kanjani intela nokuthi usayizi wabo ungakanani.

Le ndatshana izosiza hhayi kuphela labo abazokwamukela imali yezimpahla noma izinsizakalo zabo, kepha futhi nezakhamizi ezinentshisekelo enkulu kuzinguquko emkhakheni webhizinisi.

Mayelana nokuthi yini ukuzisebenzela, izakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemisebenzi ezingaphansi kombuso we-NPA (professional tax tax)

1. Kuyini ukuzisebenza nokuthi ubani ozisebenzelayo 📝

UMnyango Wezezimali weRussian Federation wenze isiphakamiso sokufaka intela emisebenzini yobungcweti yezakhamizi ezenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwezinhlangano ezivela eceleni, ngaphandle kokuphothula izinkontileka zabasebenzi.

Umthetho wokuqala wawuhlanganisa 4 isifunda: EMoscow futhi isifunda, IRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan futhi Isifunda seKaluga... Baba ngamaphayona futhi bakhombisa imiphumela emihle kubaphathi abalawulayo. Kwahlelwa ngokushesha ukuthi kwandiswe insimu lapho umthetho uzosebenza khona futhi kufake nezwe lonke ohlelweni, kepha kwakudingeka ubufakazi bokusebenza kahle kwesilinganiso esikhethiwe, ngakho-ke sakhetha izifunda zokuhlola.

Ngqo emthethweni akukho ncazelo ecacile nephelele yalo mqondo. Leli gama lisetshenziswa kuphela kwabezindaba (emsakazweni, kuthelevishini nakwezokuphrinta), kanye nasekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, intela ngomqondo ojwayelekile waleli gama nayo ayikho. Uzodinga ukukhokha iminikelo kumholo oqeqeshiwe.

Ngiyazisebenza - Lo ngumuntu, umuntu ojwayelekile ongakaze asebenzelane nabaphathi bokuhlola. Uthola imali engenayo ngokwezimali emsebenzini wakhe wobungcweti noma ekuzilibaziseni (izinto zokuzilibazisa: ukunitha, ukuthunga, ukufekethisa, ukubaza izinkuni). Kwenziwa ngumuntu wesilisa ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komqashi futhi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi.

Ozisebenzelayo unethuba lokuheha izindlu nomhlaba emisebenzini yakhe - isib, qasha indawo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano. Umsebenzi wezabasebenzi wenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabantu besithathu. Izinsizakalo zinganikezwa kubo bobabili abantu kanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni.

Ukuzisebenza - Lena indlela yokuthola umholo wemali ngomsebenzi wabo kumakhasimende (ngokungafani nomsebenzi oqashiwe).

Isakhamuzi singaba nesimo sikasomabhizinisi ngamunye obhalisiwe, okungukuthi, ifomu elisemthethweni elisemthethweni. Abazisebenzelayo abanabo abasebenzi abaqashiwe. Kumele afune amakhasimende, axoxisane ngokukhokha futhi axoxe ngezici zomsebenzi ozayo, okuyibhizinisi eliyingozi, ngoba azikho iziqinisekiso zokuphepha kokuthengiselana.

Ngokuzisebenza, imisebenzi njalonjalo, bona ividiyo engezansi:

2. Umthetho Wokuzisebenza kusukela ngo-2020 - Izindaba Zakamuva Ezakhamuzini Ezizisebenzayo 📕

Okusalungiswa Umthetho Kahulumeni Wokuzisebenza Nombolo.551845-7 ezifundeni zokushayela zaqala ukusebenza kusuka ngomhlaka 01.01.2019... Ukuhlolwa kuzohlala mhlawumbe kuze kube 31.12.2028 konyaka. Ekuqaliseni amadolobha nezifunda kukhona intela yemali ekhokhelwayo (INap).

Umsebenzi omkhulu weNAP - ukwenza inqubo yentela ibe lula kuleso sigaba sezakhamizi esenza imisebenzi futhi sithola imali engenayo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabaqashi abavela eceleni - bazisebenzele. Umthetho wenzelwe isigaba ebesikade sakha indawo yezomnotho "empunga" - abantu abafihla imali yabo noma abagwema ukukhokha intela ephoqelekile.

Umthetho Wokuzisebenza Nombolo 551845-7 (Professional Income Tax (NPD))

Ukuze kwenziwe kube semthethweni, phambilini bekukhona ithuba elilodwa kuphela kubantu ngabanye - ukuvulwa kosomabhizinisi ngabanye. Isimo sikasomabhizinisi ngamunye senza sikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokusemthethweni, ukhokhe yonke intela nezimali, futhi unikele ngemali. Sibhale ngendlela yokuvula i-IP lapha.

UMaxim Fadeev

Uchwepheshe emkhakheni wezezimali nakwezomnotho.

Lolu khetho alamukeleki noma alusebenzi kahle kuningi. Isizathu ukuthi intela yentela kuleli cala ingu-13% (intela yomuntu siqu) noma u-6% uma kukhethwa uhlelo lwentela olwenziwe lula. Kwabazisebenzayo, inzalo ingaphansi kuka-↓, ngoba imali abayitholayo ayinakubizwa ngokuthi inkulu. Amanani entela asukela ku-4 kuye ku-6%.

Ukwenza ibhizinisi ngokwakho ezifundeni nakho kudinga ukuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo.

AT 2020 ngonyaka zifaka okulandelayo amadolobha:

EMoscow;
E-Saint Petersburg.

Izindawo:

EMoscow;
ILeningradskaya;
Kaluga;
Voronezh;
IVolgograd;
UNizhny Novgorod;
ENovosibirsk;
Omsk;
ERostov;
EChelyabinsk;
USamara;
ITyumen;
ISakhalin;
Sverdlovsk.

AmaRiphabhuliki:

ITatarstan;
I-Bashkortostan.

Amaphethelo:

EKrasnoyarsk;
I-Permian.

Izifunda:

Ama-Nenets (NAO);
Khanty-Mansiysk (KhMAO);
Yamalo-Nenets (YaNAO).

OKUBALULEKILE! Iwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezezimali weRussian Federation iqukethe imininingwane esho lokho kusuka ku-1.07.2020 intela izoyeka ukubhekiswa, futhi izosabalala ezweni lonke.

3. Obani abasebenza ngokuzimela eRussia 📋

Umbuso uqale ukuzama ngenhloso yokwehlisa umthwalo wentela ↓. Umthwalo wokukhokha iminikelo nokususwa kufanele ube lula kulezi zinhlobo zenhlangano nezomthetho ezilandelayo:

SP (osomabhizinisi ngabanye). Bazodinga ukuqedela amadokhumenti angeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma benesistimu yentela eyenziwe lula, ngeke ibe khona inzuzo enkulu yentela. Futhi, imibiko yamaphepha ngeke inyamalale.
Izinhlangano zomthetho. Labo abasebenzisana nabazisebenzelayo bathola ukukhululeka ngohlobo lokuqedwa kwesidingo sokuba ngumenzeli wentela phakathi kwamaqembu.

Izinhlobo zemisebenzi (uhlu oluphelele) izakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo ezingazisebenzisa

4.Ukuzisebenza - imisebenzi yabantu abazisebenzayo, engahlanganyela ku-2020 🗒

Imisebenzi yabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bathole isimo esisha nokubhaliswa ngokomthetho komsebenzi wabo kwethulwe ohlwini olungezansi.

Umuntu (umuntu ngamunye) uphuma "esithunzini", angasebenza ngokusobala futhi enze inzuzo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufihla imininingwane ngaye.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i-OKVED ngqo nephelele yalabo abazisebenzelayo ayizange ithuthukiswe. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uqondiswe yimibandela yamanje yokusetshenziswa kwe-NAP.

Uhlu okufanele ulukhethe lapho ubhalisa njengomuntu ozisebenzayo:

Washa imoto;
Isevisi yemoto;
Ukukhishwa kwezimoto nokudonsa;
Ukuphatha;
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha;
I-Animator;
Amafulethi aqashisayo;
Qasha imoto;
Umculi, umculi, umculi;
Ukwenza ngcono insimu;
Accountant;
Ukulungiswa kwemizi;
Imisebenzi yezasekhaya;
Ukugonywa kwezilwane;
Umphathi weWebhu;
Ukugcinwa kwezindlu;
Umsingathi, umbonisi, umphathi wethosi;
Ukuhlelwa nokuklanywa;
Umshayeli;
Umhlahlandlela, umhlahlandlela wokuvakasha;
Isilayidi;
Ukuzilungisa;
Umphathi;
Isazi sokudla okunomsoco;
Umklamo;
Ukulethwa;
Umqeqeshi;
Ukufuya imfuyo;
Izinsizakalo zokushicilela;
Ucwaningo;
Ukucubungula;
Isilekeleli sekhompyutha;
I-Confectioner;
Ukubonisana;
Umbhali wamakhophi;
Isazi sezimonyo;
Insimbi;
Ihlathi, ukuzingela, ukudoba;
Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo;
Mani Pedi;
Ukumaketha, ukukhangisa;
Masseur;
Ukusebenza ngensimbi;
Imodeli;
Umklami wezemfashini, umklami;
Umxhumanisi wentela;
Porter;
Umhlengikazi;
Ezokuphepha;
Ukucubungula idatha;
Izinsizakalo zesiko;
Insiza;
Umqhubi;
Amapholi aqoqa imibono;
Ukuqedela;
Ukufakwa kwedijithali;
Indawo yokwenza izinwele;
Umhumushi;
Ukuthuthwa kwempahla;
Ukuthuthwa kwabagibeli;
Ukuvezwa ngokweqile kwezilwane;
Ukusingathwa kabusha kwemfucuza;
Umbhali;
Amathoyilethi akhokhelwayo;
Pheka;
I-Polygraphy;
Ukuthunga;
Ukwamukelwa kanye nokulethwa kwezinto ezilahliwe;
UHlelo;
Imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza kwethu;
Umklamo;
Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza;
Ukuqasha;
Okunye;
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo;
Ukulungiswa kwemishini yasendlini;
Ukulungiswa kwamafulethi;
Umfundisi;
Ukubuyiselwa;
Realtor;
Uplamba;
Imisebenzi yezolimo;
Umhlengikazi;
Usizo lomphakathi;
Isitayela;
Isihlanganisi, umbazi;
Umlindi;
Izinsizakalo zomshuwalense;
Ukwakha;
I-tattoo nokubhoboza;
Ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe;
Isondlo;
Izindwangu, ukuthunga nokuthunga;
Umqeqeshi, umqeqeshi;
Ukuhlanza nokuhlanza;
Izinsiza zokuhlala zesikhashana;
Imisebenzi yoMhlangano;
Izinsizakalo zokugcina;
Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane;
Uthisha;
Imisebenzi yezezimali;
Umthwebuli zithombe;
Ukuhlanza okomile;
Umculi;
Osebenza ngogesi;
Isikhumba;
Imisebenzi yezomthetho.

Uhlu olunemininingwane eminingi lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeNalog.ru.

4.1. Imisebenzi engafanele izakhamizi ezizisebenzayo

Ngaphambi kokubhalisela ukuzisebenza, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zemisebenzi ezingadluliselwa esigabeni esisha sentela.

Kuyafaneleka ukucatshangelwa! Umbuso okhethekile wokukhokha intela ungasetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi labo bantu asebevele benesimo sikasomabhizinisi ngamunye. Uma usomabhizinisi ngamunye engabhalisiwe, khona-ke umuntu ozisebenzelayo ngeke adinge ukuwuthola ngenhloso.

Labo abakhethe izindawo ezilandelayo zamabhizinisi njengenkambu yomsebenzi wabo ngeke bakwazi ukushintshela embusweni okhethekile:

Ukuthengiswa kabusha kwempahla;
Ukulethwa kwezimpahla noma izinsizakalo;
Ukuthengiswa kabusha kwamalungelo empahla;
Ukwamukelwa kwezimali zokukhokha kwabanye abantu (ngokomthetho noma ngokomzimba);
Ukuthengiswa kwempahla okufanele ifakwe ilebula;
Ukuthengiswa kwempahla yezimpahla.

Okunye futhi okunqatshelwe ukuguqukela ekuzisebenzeleni kuzoba yilabo, ngokwemvelo yemisebenzi yabo, ababambe iqhaza entuthukweni amamineralikukhona abaqashi, labalamuli.

Intela yezakhamizi ezizisebenzayo (4 noma 6%) - inqubo yokubala intela ngezinombolo

5. Intela yezakhamizi ezizisebenzelayo: ubukhulu bentela kumholo oqeqeshiwe (i-NPA) nezindlela zokukhokha kwayo 📊

Intela yomsebenzi oziqashile (kumholo wabo wobungcweti) wuhlelo olukhethekile lokuqoqwa kokuncipha olusebenza kubantu ngabanye.

Kusebenza kulabo abathengisa izimpahla, izinto. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwabaqashi abavela eceleni noma umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo: imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezandla, okokugqoka, amathoyizi athambile. Futhi, isigaba sabazisebenzayo sihlanganisa abantu abasebenza kukhompyutha - abaklami, abathuthukisi, abakhi bewebhusayithi.

Okubalulekile! Isikhathi sentela sihlelelwe kuze kube 2029 konyaka. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amanani amenyezelwe wamanani entela azohlala kulesi sikhathi sonke, ngeke aguquke aye phezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwabashayeli bezindiza kwalolu hlobo lwentela kwaqala emuva 2019 unyaka. Abokuqala ukuhlola izinzuzo noma ukukhomba ukushiyeka ngabantu ababehlala kuzo 4 izifunda zeRussian Federation. Ngemuva kwalokho, lolu hlelo lwenabela nakwezinye izifunda, amadolobha nama-republic.

Futhi, amalungelo obunikazi abhalisiwe afakwa ngabantu abahlala kulezo zifunda ezazingakabandakanyeki kulolu hlelo. Isizathu ukuthi iningi labantu eliziveza njengomsebenzi wokuzisebenza lisebenza kude. Uma benomqashi (umuntu uthathe umyalo wokubulawa), khona-ke angatholwa hhayi kwelinye idolobha noma isifunda, kepha nangaphandle kwezwe. Lesi sibalo sabantu abazisebenzayo siyakhula minyaka yonke.

Kulokhu, ingxenye ebalulekile ukucacisa indawo lapho kwenziwa khona ibhizinisi. Emthethweni we-Federal 422 ayikho incazelo ethile yaleli phuzu noma enye incazelo. I-FTS ichaze lokho indawo yebhizinisi kungaba indawo yabo bobabili abazisebenzayo kanye nekhasimende lakhe eliqondile. Kungakho abantu abaningi bekwazile ukushintshela kwi-NAP ngenkathi kwezinye izifunda ezazingakabandakanyeki kulolu hlelo.

4.2. Inani lentela labantu abazisebenzelayo

Umbuzo omkhulu wentshisekelo kubantu ngamunye inani lentela elizodinga ukukhokhwa. Le parameter incike ezintweni eziningana:

Inani lemali engenayo engaphansi kwesidingo sentela;
Izinga lentela elikhethiwe.

Ukuze uvikele amaphutha ezibalweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula, yini engasetshenziswa 2 amanani entela – 4% noma 6%.

Isici sentela ezimele:

4% usebenza uma umuntu ozisebenzayo esebenza nabantu - ethengisa izinto nezinto kubantu abafanayo abangenayo ifomu lenhlangano nezomthetho;
6% - isilinganiso sisetshenziswa ekubaleni uma umuntu esebenza nosomabhizinisi ngabodwana noma izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zezomthetho (izinkampani, amafemu, izinhlangano).

Kunemikhawulo enanini eliphezulu lemali engenayo ekhokhiswa intela ngamanani ancishisiwe. Njengesakhamuzi esizimele, umuntu angafaka isimemezelo semali engeqi amanani 2,400,000 ama-ruble.

Uma lokhu "ophahleni" kufinyelelwa, khona-ke ilungelo lokusebenzisa umbuso okhethekile liyalahleka. Nge-IP kuleli cala, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa STS nesigxobo sakhe ku 6%. Kubantu abajwayelekile abangakazimiseli njengosomabhizinisi, kuzofanele ukhokhe imali ethe xaxa Intela yomuntu siqu engenayookuyi 13% wemali engenayo.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho wenza izibalo ukunciphisa imali engenayo yezindleko ngeke ngikwazi... Inani elikhokhelwa intela libalwa kusukela kumholo. Zonke izibalo zenziwa kuhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile (Intela yami). Kumele zenziwe ngaphambili 12 usuku lwenyanga ngayinye, okuyothi ngalo kube nesaziso esikhethekile.

Qaphela, malini inani lemali engenayo kuze kufike 100 Intela yama-ruble ayikhokhiswa (isaziso ngeke samukelwe), kepha lezi zimali zizongezwa emalini engenayo ngenyanga ezayo. Uzodinga ukukhokha intela kungakadluli usuku lwama-25 lwenyanga olulandela inyanga yokukhokha.

4.3. Ukubalwa Kwentela Yezakhamizi Ezizimele

Ngokwesibonelo, isamba semali etholwayo ye- 30 izinsuku = 75 000 ama-ruble. Kusetshenziswe ukuqhuba ibhizinisi 10 000 ama-ruble (izindleko).

Uma izinsizakalo zinikezwe ikhasimende elinesimo sebhizinisi elisemthethweni, isilinganiso sentela sezibalo ngu 6%... Kuyavela: 75,000 × 6% = ama-ruble angu-4 500.
Uma izinsizakalo zinikezwa umuntu ngamunye, isilinganiso siyasetshenziswa 4%... Kuyavela: 75,000 × 4% = ama-ruble ayi-3,000.

4.4. Izinhlelo zokukhokha zabantu abazisebenzayo

Abantu abazisebenzayo bangamukela izinkokhelo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngale njongo, enye yezinhlelo ezilandelayo ixhunyiwe:

Qiwi;
PayAnyWay;
Ukuhlola.

Uma kufakwa uhlelo olufanayo, uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi wamukele imali kuwebhusayithi yalo esetshenziselwa umsebenzi, thumela isixhumanisi sokwamukela izinkokhelo - zombili nge-imeyili nangamanethiwekhi omphakathi.

4.5. Uyikhokhela kanjani i-NAP

Ngokukhethekile kukhokhelwa inqubo yokukhokha intela. Inani kumele likhokhwe ngosuku olubekiwe. Irisidi ngalinye lezezimali, kufanele kwenziwe isheke ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Lokhu kwenzeka inyanga yonke.

Lapho wenza isheke (kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ngokushesha kuhlelo lwami lweNtela), udinga ukucacisa:

Isimo sekhasimende - umuntu noma inhlangano esemthethweni;
Inani okufanele likhokhwe (kwamukelwe ngomsebenzi owenziwayo);
Igama lenkonzo eyenziwe - umkhiqizo uthengisiwe, kwenziwa isenzo.

Imininingwane enjalo iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukubala inani lentela. Awudingi ukubala intela ngokwakho isikhathi ngasinye.Uma kusetshenziswa uhlelo olukhethekile, ngemuva kokufaka yonke imininingwane edingekayo, ukubalwa okuqhubekayo kuzokwenzeka ngokuzenzakalela. Uhlelo luzothatha imininingwane bese lunikeza imiphumela eqediwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwerisidi.

Intela kufanele ikhokhwe ngomhla wama-25 enyangeni elandela inyanga okutholwe ngayo imali engaguquki. Ukuze kube lula ukukhokha, imali ingafakwa ngokushesha okuphelele noma kancane kancane. Umbandela omkhulu ukukhokha isikweletu ngaphambi kosuku olusungulwe ngumthetho.

Ungakhokha nentela ngqo kusuka ku- ikhadi lasebhange. Kumele ixhunyaniswe ne-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu. Uma kunesidingo, izimali zizodonswa kuyo, futhi umuntu unekhono lokusetha inkokhelo ezenzekelayo ukuze angaphuthelwa usuku lokukhokha iminikelo.

Yakovleva Galina

Uchwepheshe wezezimali.

Uma kungakulungele ukuhlangana online, kulula ukukhokha egatsheni lasebhange. Kuhlelo, kuzodingeka ukhiqize idokhumenti yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ulondoloze, bese uliphrinta. Umsebenzi wokukhokha intela uzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa imininingwane.

6. Ungazisebenza kuphi futhi kanjani - imiyalelo emifushane + izindlela zokubhalisa 📄

Akunzima ukuthola lesi simo. Ukwenza lokhu, umuntu (umuntu ojwayelekile) uzodinga ukubhalisa nehhovisi lentela. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza kube lula ukugwema ukuba khona komuntu siqu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko ze-3 zokuba yisakhamuzi esizimele

Ungabhalisa kusimo esisha ngezindlela eziningana:

ngokuya kuhlelo lokusebenza "Intela yami";
thumela imibhalo nge-akhawunti yomuntu siqu yomkhokhintela kuwebhusayithi ye-FTS;
egatsheni lasebhange, uma linikezela ngezinsizakalo zokubhalisa (uhlu lwamagatsha lutholakala nakuwebhusayithi ye-FTS);
bhalisa kwi-portal ye-State Services.

Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lukhethiwe, khona-ke kulo ungakhipha amasheke ngokushesha bese ubala inani elizokhokhwa, elizonciphisa isikhathi sokulungiselela imibiko.

Ukuze ubhalise njengomuntu ozisebenzayo, kuzodingeka ulayishe amadokhumenti alandelayo kuhlelo lokusebenza:

Skena ikhasi lepasipoti ngemininingwane yomuntu (isabalale);
Isithombe.

Akunasiginesha edingekayo. Ngemvume, ungacwayiza ekhamera noma unqekuzise ikhanda - uhlelo luzokubona lokhu njengokuvuma kokucutshungulwa kwedatha. Ngemuva kokulayisha amadokhumenti, yonke imininingwane idluliselwa kwi-Federal Tax Service, lapho kwenzeka khona isheke elilandelayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uthola isimo esisha futhi angasebenza ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nemithetho. Ukushintshela embusweni okhethekile ngohlelo lwentela olwenziwe lula noma uhlelo lwentela lwenziwa ngesisekelo sesicelo sokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwalo mbuso. Lokhu kungenziwa kungakapheli inyanga kusukela ngosuku lokubhaliswa komuntu njengomuntu ozisebenzayo.

6.1. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ube ngusomabhizinisi ngamunye futhi uziqashele

Uma kukhona ifomu elisemthethweni losomabhizinisi ngamunye, khona-ke kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthola isimo sabantu abazisebenzelayo ngaphandle kokuqeda umsebenzi omkhulu. Ngokomthetho okhona manje ayikho imikhawulo.

Uma usomabhizinisi ngamunye enquma ukuthola lesi simo, udinga ukwazi amaphuzu alandelayo:

Akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa imibuso eminingana yentela (STS, UTII noma i-OSN nezinga labantu abaziqashile);
Ukushintshela embusweni omusha kuzoba semthethweni uma imisebenzi kasomabhizinisi ngamunye iwela ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezivunyelwe;
Awukwazi ukukhokha intela kubantu abaziqashile ngemali engenayo oyitholile hhayi njengosomabhizinisi ngamunye.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangisise ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa lezi zimo.

7. Ubuhle nobubi (-) bokuzisebenza 🔔

Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina esivuna ukuzisebenza, udinga ukukala konke i-pluses (+) futhi nebubi (-) isimo esisha.

Izinhlangothi eziqondile:

Uhlelo olulula lokubala intela;
Ukubika kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ifoni noma ithebhulethi;
Ukukhokhwa kwentela kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: imali / okungeyona imali, ikhadi / egatsheni lasebhange / ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu;
Amasheke akhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalela, ulwazi olumayelana nentela luza ngokushesha kulowo nalowo msebenzi;
Imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola imali mboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo noma enye imalimboleko enkulu ebhange.

Uma kungekho mali engenayo, intela ayikhokhiswa. Ngaphambi 2029 alukho ushintsho olulindelekile ohlelweni.

Kunezinhlangothi ezingezinhle ongeke wazidlula:

Uhlelo olunjalo alulungele ukuthengiselana okukhulu;
Kunomkhawulo enanini lemali engenayo 2,4 ama-ruble ayizigidi;
Akuyona yonke imisebenzi efakiwe ohlelweni.

Uma umsebenzi kufanele ube owesikhashana (itoho 1-2 times), lapho-ke asikho isidingo sokubhalisa njengesakhamuzi esizimele.

Ubuhle nobubi bokuzisebenza

8. IE noma izakhamizi ezizisebenzayo - okungcono 📌

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola izinzuzo zohlobo ngalunye lokumiswa ngokusemthethweni kwemisebenzi. Kunconywa ukuqhubeka kusuka esimweni ngasinye, ukuzinza kwemali engenayo emkhakheni, inani lamakhasimende angahle abe khona (amakhasimende wesevisi).

Izinzuzo (+) zokuzisebenza yilezi:

akudingeki ukuthi wenze enye inkokhelo yentela yomuntu siqu engenayo (kubalulekile ukukhumbula imikhawulo kumanani) kanye ne-VAT;
akukho ukubikwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke, ukubalwa kwezimali akwenziwa;
konke ukubalwa kwezezimali kwenziwa ngemodi ezenzakalelayo kuhlelo olukhethekile;
ukugcina imali akufakiwe (konga imali), ngoba amasheke nawo akhiqizwa ohlelweni ngemuva nje kokufaka idatha;
amanani entela aphansi ↓ - 4-6% (I-IP inenketho enenzuzo enkulu - 6% ku-STS);
uma ingekho imali engenayo - ukukhululwa enteleni (kosomabhizinisi abangabodwana - iminikelo ikhokhwa noma ngabe ikuphi);
iminikelo ku-FIU nakwezinye izimali - ngokuthanda (usomabhizinisi ngamunye ubophezelekile ukwenza yonke iminikelo). Ngendlela, ungafunda ngokukhokhiswa kwentela kosomabhizinisi ngabanye ku-athikili yethu ehlukile.

Usomabhizinisi ngamunye unezinzuzo eziningi:

imisebenzi - ukuqasha abasizi bokuqhuba ibhizinisi;
ukuba mdala kunqwabelene (inkomba ebalulekile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi esikhathini esizayo);
imisebenzi eminingi;
Isimo se-IP sibalwa ngaphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sokusebenzisana nezinhlaka zebhange.

8.1. Ingabe kunenzuzo ukuzibona uzisebenza - izintela nezinhlawulo

Ukuqonda ukuthi kunenzuzo kangakanani ukuzisebenza, sincoma ukuthi ufunde ithebula elingezansi.

Ithebula: "Izici zokuqhathanisa zosomabhizinisi ngabanye nabazisebenzayo"

Indlela yokuhlola	Usomabhizinisi ngamunye	Isakhamuzi esizisebenzelayo
ukubhaliswa	Kudingeka iphakethe lamaphepha	Konke okudingayo ipasipoti nesithombe
Ukubika ngentela nezimali ezikhokhwayo	Isimemezelo kufanele sithunyelwe 1 kanye ngonyaka	Alikho ifomu elikhethekile
Umbuso wentela	I-OSN, USN	Okukhethekile - ukhokha kuphela 4-6% wemali engenayo
Imikhawulo enanini lemali engenayo	Ngaphandle kwemingcele	2,4 ama-ruble ayisigidi
Ukwakhiwa kwabasebenzi	Kuvunyelwe	Cha

Kuhlawuliswa osomabhizinisi ngabanye uma kwenzeka kukhokhwa intela sekwedlule isikhathi (izinhlawulo). Indlela yokujezisa ayikakakhiwa ngokuphelele kwabazisebenzelayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kungakhokhiswa inhlawulo uma kungakhishwanga isheke. Inani ngu 20% wenani lemali engenayo, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi 1 000 ama-ruble.

9. Izakhamizi ezizisebenzayo zizobalwa futhi zilandelelwe kanjani? 🔎

Lo mbuzo uheha abaningi abazama ukuthola imali ethe xaxa. Futhi, kuze kube akusetshenziswanga indlela ecacile yalokhu.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi bazokwenza ngezindlela eziningi:

Indlela 1 - i-database yamasayithi akhethekile izongena ekufinyeleleni i-Federal Tax Service (kepha abasebenzisi abaningi babhaliswe lapho, ukuthi bangalandelelwa kanjani, noma ngabe amandla akhona awaziwa).
Indlela 2 - Izimemezelo zokuqashiswa kwempahla yokuhlala, izinsizakalo, ukuthengiswa kwempahla zingaziwa ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Abamele i-Federal Tax Service noma amaphoyisa angenza "isivumelwano" ukuze kutholakale ukuzisebenza.
Indlela 3 - Ukudluliswa kwezimali ngqo ekhadini lasebhange. Ukuqapha kwezezimali okususelwa ekudlulisweni kaningi noma okukhulu kungabona umuntu njengosomabhizinisi ozisebenzayo noma ongekho emthethweni.

Uma umuntu ebhalisiwe kulesicelo Intela yami, lapho-ke kukhona ukugunyazwa kwabasebenzi ngokusemthethweni, kepha iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ziyakwazi ukucela imininingwane mayelana nemali engenayo, ukuhamba kwezimali kumakhadi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo (FAQ) 💬

Njengoba isimo singakacaci kahle, abantu banemibuzo ehlukahlukene.

Izimpendulo zabathandwa kakhulu nabaceliwe kakhulu zinikezwe ngezansi:

Udinga ukuphuma ku-inthanethi?

Cha, akukho ukufakwa noma ukuthenga okudingekayo.

Ngabe umuntu ozisebenzayo kufanele akhiphe isheke?

Yebo, ingaqalwa ngohlelo lwami lwe-My Tax, uzodinga ukuthumela noma ukuphrinta lo mbhalo.

Ungasinikeza kanjani isheke kumthengi?

Isixhumanisi sithunyelwa ku-imeyili noma kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi, futhi kusetshenziswa nekhodi ye-QR.

Kusho ukuthini isheke?

Imininingwane emayelana nenani lomsebenzi, idatha yomthengisi nomthengi, usuku lokusebenza kokukhokha, ikhodi ye-QR, igama lesevisi kanye ne-ID yomthengisi.

Yini imali engeke iwele ngaphansi kombuso okhethekile?

Imali etholwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqashwa, ukushintshaniswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamaholide entela, inani lama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.4, umsebenzi wama-notaries, ama-appraisers.

Yini okufanele uyenze lapho imali engenayo idlula umkhawulo?

Kubantu ngabanye, kuzosetshenziswa omunye umbuso owengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, intela yomuntu siqu engu-13%. Usomabhizinisi ngamunye udinga ukushintshela komunye umbuso, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwentela olwenziwe lula - kulokhu, kuzodingeka ubhalele isicelo kuFederal Tax Service bese ulinda izinsuku ezingama-20 zokusebenza. Inguquko yokubuya nayo yenziwa ngesicelo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungakhokhi amaphrimiyamu omshwalense?

Awudingi ukukhokha imali ebekiwe.

Ungayamukela kanjani inkokhelo yabantu abazisebenzayo?

Ekhadini lasebhange, imininingwane yokuthengiselana kufanele ifakwe kuhlelo lwami lwe-My Tax.

Ungaqala kanjani ukusuka kosomabhizinisi ngabanye uye kokuzisebenza?

Bhalisa ohlelweni kusuka ku-Federal Tax Service, wenqabe umbuso okhethekile kungakapheli inyanga engu-1 (ukufaka isicelo kwi-Federal Tax Service noma nge-akhawunti yomuntu ngamunye kasomabhizinisi ngamunye). Kosomabhizinisi ngabanye, isiginesha ye-elekthronikhi iyadingeka ngokungeziwe.

Ukwazi izimpendulo zale mibuzo, ungagwema ubunzima, ukunganembi namaphutha endleleni yokuthola isikhundla sesisebenzi sezomthetho.

Isimo sokuzisebenza - ithuba elisha lomuntu ojwayelekile ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngokusemthethweni. Njengoba uhlelo luvele muva nje, kuphakama imibuzo ngalo, futhi kunamaphuzu angaqondakali kunalawo asobala.

Isimo sinje izinzuzo ngendlela yokuntula isijeziso ngenxa yezamabhizinisi angekho emthethweni, ukubika ngokushesha, nokubeka obala ukulinganiselwa - imikhawulo enanini lemali engenayo. Ngaphambi kokubhalisa ohlelweni, udinga ukuzibheka zonke, uhlole isimo esithile nokuzinza komsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukutadisha ngokucophelela ama-nuances nezingibe.

Ekuphetheni, sincoma ukubukela ividiyo yokuthi ungazisebenza kanjani:

Uma usenayo noma unemibuzo ngalesi sihloko, bese ubabuza kumazwana angezansi. Singajabula futhi uma ulinganisa indatshana yethu mayelana nokuzisebenza futhi wabelane ngemibono yakho mayelana nombuso weNAP.

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