IWeimar eJalimane - idolobha lezimbongi nabaqambi

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IWeimar, iJalimane yidolobha lasendulo elisenkabeni yezwe. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka yaziwa njengesikhungo sezomnotho, sezepolitiki nesamasiko ezifundeni nasemazweni aseJalimane. Ikhasi elisesabekayo emlandweni walo latholakala ku-1937 - ikamu lokuhlushwa laseBuchenwald lasungulwa lapha.

Ulwazi oluvamile

Idolobha laseWeimar, okwathiwa emva kwalo sonke isikhathi somlando kusuka ngo-1919 kuya ku-1933. (Weimar Republic), etholakala eThuringia (maphakathi nezwe). Inani labantu bangabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-65. Idolobha lihlanganisa indawo engama-84 sq. km, ihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-12.

Ingelinye lamadolobha asendulo futhi afundwe kakhulu eJalimane. Isibonelo, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeWeimar, ososayensi bathole iminonjana yamaNeanderthals.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka iWeimar ibhekwa njengenhlokodolobha yezepolitiki, yezomnotho neyamasiko ezifundeni okwakungeyayo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, idolobha laba isikhungo sokukhanyiselwa eJalimane (ikakhulu sibonga uFriedrich Nietzsche). Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iWeimar yaba inhlokodolobha yaseThuringia, kwathi ngokufika kobuNazi, ikamu lokuhlushwa laseBuchenwald lakhiwa lapha.

Izinto

Isikhumbuzo saseBuchenwald

IBuchenwald ingelinye lamakamu okuhlushwa amakhulu kunawo wonke eJalimane, lapho, ngokusho kokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene, kwafa abantu abaphakathi kuka-50 000 no-150,000. Namuhla, kusayithi lekamu langaphambili, kunesikhumbuzo, esiqukethe:

Ama-Bunkers. Lesi yisakhiwo okwakukhona kuso izitokisi zokuvalelwa wedwa, lapho labo ababehlelelwe ukuthatha impilo yabo emasontweni ambalwa alandelayo babehleli khona. Manje ingxenye eyinhloko yokubonakaliswa komnyuziyamu itholakala lapha.
INqabayokulinda. Okwamanje, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa kuwo.
Isiteshi sesitimela nepulatifomu. Leli iphuzu elisentshonalanga ebalazweni lesikhumbuzo. Iziboshwa zesikhathi esizayo zekamu zafika lapha, futhi lapha iziguli ezigulayo neziyingozi kakhulu (ngokusho kwamaNazi) zathunyelwa kwamanye amakamu okufa.
Imigwaqo eya emathuneni. Le ngxenye yekamu ingeyesikhathi esizayo - kusuka ngo-1945 kuya ku-1950. kwakungekwebutho elibomvu, futhi amaNazi uqobo lwawo ayesevele aqukethwe lapha.
Izakhiwo zehhovisi lomphathi. Manje isinezindlu zemyuziyemu, futhi ibamba nemiboniso yezithombe.
Izinyoni zezinyosi zamabhere. Le yingxenye encane nje ye-zoo eyayivele ikhona, eyayakhiwe yiziboshwa zempi zabaqaphi bekamu kanye nezakhamizi zendawo ezazingangena ekamu.
Ipuleti lesikhumbuzo. Ubuzwe bezisulu zaseBuchenwald buqoshwe kuwo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwepuleti lihlala likhona +37 C - lokhu ukushisa komzimba womuntu.

Isitolo sekamu. Kuyisakhiwo esincane esisenyakatho yesikhumbuzo lapho iziboshwa zazingathenga khona ugwayi noma izingubo. Manje sekunombukiso wezithombe.
Indawo okushiswa kuyo izidumbu iyisakhiwo esingabonakali kodwa esesabekayo kunoma iyiphi ikamu lokuhlushwa. Ngaphezu kwamahhavini, lapha ungabona inqwaba yamaphilisi esikhumbuzo avela ezihlotsheni zeziboshwa ezibulewe kanye nemibhalo eminingi yasekuqaleni.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo ezingenhla, kunezinye izakhiwo eziningi ezisendaweni eyayiqhutshwa ikamu lokuhlushwa laseBuchenwald, iningi lazo elicishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Zilungiselele ukuthi indawo okushiswa kuyo izidumbu iqukethe imibukiso eminingi esabisayo okungebona bonke abantu abangayibheka (izingcezu zesikhumba somuntu ezinamathambo, amakhanda abantu abomile, izinwele zeziboshwa nezinsimbi "ezisebenzayo").

Indawo: Indawo yaseBuchenwald, 99427 Weimar, eThuringia.
Isikhathi sokusebenza: 10.00 - 18.00.

Umtapo Wezincwadi waseDuchess Anne Amalia

Ukwakhiwa komtapo wolwazi iDuchess Anna Amalia kungenye yezimpawu ezindala kunazo zonke eWeimar, eyakhiwa ngo-1691.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-300, kunezincwadi ezingaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa namakhulu eminye imibukiso yasendulo (imidwebo, izinto zangaphakathi, izitebhisi eziyingqayizivele zokuvunguza) eziqoqiwe lapha, kepha ngo-2004 kwaqubuka umlilo omkhulu emtatsheni wezincwadi, owabhubhisa iningi lezincwadi eziyingqayizivele futhi wakushintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukubukeka kwamakamelo amaningi.

Ukulungiswa, okwabelwe iziphathimandla imali engaphezu kuka- € 12 million, kwaqedwa ngo-2007, kodwa imiphumela yomlilo isazwakala namanje. Isibonelo, abasebenzi bendawo ekhangayo abakazibhalisi ngokuphelele izincwadi ezazigcinwe lapha ngaphambili. Ochwepheshe baphinde bathenge amakhophi ezincwadi ezishile kubadayisi bezincwadi abangamasekeni.

Emtatsheni wezincwadi ka-Anna Amalia, kufanele:

Vakashela Igumbi Lokufunda laseRococo. Leli ikamelo elidume kakhulu futhi elihle kunazo zonke emtatsheni wezincwadi futhi lisasetshenziselwa inhloso yalo. Noma ngubani ofuna ukukhokha ama-euro angama-8 angafika lapha afunde incwadi noma ajabulele umoya wasendulo. Abekho ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-300 abangaba segumbini lokufundela ngasikhathi. Abantu bendawo bayeluleka ukuba beze lapha ngo-9 ekuseni - ngalesi sikhathi kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu.
Hlola iqoqo elicebile lemibhalo yesandla nezincwadi, phakathi kwazo ongathola ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi nguWilliam Shakespeare, kusukela ngekhulu le-18.
Yazisa iqoqo elikhulu lemidwebo yamakhosi adumile aseYurophu.

Imininingwane ewusizo:

Indawo: Platz der Demokratie 1, 99423 Weimar, Germany.
Amahora wokusebenza: 9.00 - 18.00.
Izindleko: ama-euro angama-8.

I-City Central Square (Markt)

Isikwele esimaphakathi yinhliziyo yeDolobha Elidala. Nazi izinto eziyinhloko zomlando weWeimar eJalimane:

Ihholo lasedolobheni;
indlovu endala yehhotela;
imakethe yabalimi bendawo lapho, ngaphezu kwemifino nezithelo ezintsha, ungathenga khona izimbali nemisebenzi yezandla;
"Izindlu ze-gingerbread" ezinamakhefi, izindawo zokudlela kanye nesikhungo sezivakashi;
izitolo zezikhumbuzo lapho ungathenga khona amaswidi endabuko aseJalimane (ama-pretzels, i-gingerbread, i-strudel), kanye namakhadikhadi anesithombe somuzi waseWeimar eJalimane.

Futhi ngoDisemba, iMakethe KaKhisimusi ibanjelwe lapha, lapho unganambitha khona amasoseji othosiwe, iwayini elixutshiwe nobhiya waseJalimane.

Indawo: UMarkt Platz, Weimar, Germany.

Indlu yaseGoethe (Goethe National Museum)

IGoethe ingesinye sezakhamizi ezidume kakhulu zedolobha laseWeimar eJalimane kuwo wonke umlando waso. Imbongi yaseJalimane yazalwa ngo-1749, kanti indlu, manje esinezindlu zomnyuziyamu eziqanjwe ngaye, yathengwa ngo-1794.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yize kunezimpi nezinguquko, indlu kaGoethe igcinwe isesimweni esikahle, futhi yonke imibukiso (izincwadi, izitsha, izinto zangaphakathi, izingubo) ezigcinwa emnyuziyamu ziyiqiniso. Lapho uvakashele le ndawo, naka:

umtapo wolwazi weGoethe, oqukethe iqoqo elikhulu lezincwadi ezihlukile ezaqala ngekhulu le-18-19, kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinkondlo imbongi uqobo lwayo;
igumbi lokuphumula elincane kodwa elithokomele lapho uGoethe nomkakhe bamukela khona izivakashi;
indawo yokwamukela izivakashi;
ihholo eliphuzi;
inqola;
isikwele esincane eduze kwendlu.

Abahambi abavakashele iMyuziyamu yaseGoethe bayibiza ngokuthi enye yezinto ezihamba phambili eWeimar. Ekhuluma ngobubi bendawo, baqaphela ukungabi bikho kwemihlahlandlela yokulalelwayo nezincwadi zokuqondisa ngesiJalimane nesiNgisi, kanye nezithombe ezikhokhelwayo (ama-3 euros).

Indawo: Frauenplan 1, 99423 Weimar, eThuringia.
Amahora okuvula: 9.30 - 16.00 (Januwari - Mashi, Okthoba - Disemba), 9.30 - 18.00 (ezinye izinyanga).
Izindleko: ama-euro angama-12 kubantu abadala, 8.50 kwabadala, 3.50 abafundi nokwamukelwa kwamahhala kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16.

ISonto LabaNgcwele uPeter noPaul (Stadtkirche St. Peter noPaul)

ISonto LamaSanta uPeter noPaul lingenye yezindawo eziheha inkolo eWeimar. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-16, leli thempeli belingelamaProthestani.

Namuhla, izinsiza azisaqhutshelwa lapha, kepha kulindeleke izivakashi. Abahambi asebevele bevakashele isonto bayelulekwa ukuba banake:

I-altare. Le yingxenye yethempeli ebaluleke kakhulu futhi edume kakhulu. Okokuqala, yadalwa ngeminyaka yo-1580, kanti okwesibili yadwetshwa nguLucas Cranach uqobo, isakhamuzi esihloniphekile saseWeimar.
Umfutho weSonto LamaSanta uPeter noPaul uphezulu kakhulu eWeimar futhi ungabonakala noma kuphi edolobheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-spire ivame ukusebenza njengophawu lwabavakashi abalahlekile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu phawu lweWeimar luvame ukubizwa nge- "Herderkirche". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isazi sefilosofi esidumile saseJalimane uHerder wasebenza futhi wahlala lapha iminyaka eminingana.

Indawo: Herderplatz 8, Weimar.
Amahora okusebenza: 11.00 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.00 (nsuku zonke).

Ipaki an der Ilm

IPark an der Ilm, eqanjwe ngomfula i-Ilm, lapho emi khona, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi endala kunazo zonke eWeimar. Yehlulwa ngekhulu le-17 yiNkosi uCharles. Izivakashi I-Ilmsky Park iyathakazelisa ngisho nokuqoqwa kwayo okuhlukile kwezitshalo nobudala bayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izindawo eziningi ezikhangayo zitholakala endaweni yayo:

Indlu kaGoethe, lapho imbongi ithanda ukuphumula khona ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo;
indlu yomnyuziyamu kaFranz Liszt, lapho umqambi ahlala khona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20;
Indlu yamaRoma (lesi yisakhiwo sokuqala se-classicist eThuringia);
itshe lesikhumbuzo lamaqhawe emisebenzi kaW. Shakespeare.

Uma ungeyena umlandeli omkhulu wezingosi zomlando, kusafanele ukufika epaki. Isibonelo, ungaba nepikiniki lapha, noma uhambe nje kusihlwa ehlobo.

Indawo: Illmstrasse, Weimar.

Uzohlala kuphi

IWeimar inamahhotela namahhotela angaphezu kwama-220 emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Kukhona amafulethi angaphezulu - cishe izinketho zokuhlala ezingama-260.

Igumbi lamahhotela ama-3 * lamabili ngesizini ephezulu lizobiza ama-euro angama-65 - 90 ngosuku, okuyi-oda lobukhulu obuphansi kunasemadolobheni amaningi angomakhelwane aseJalimane. Njengomthetho, le ntengo ifaka ibhulakufesi elihle, ithala elibanzi elibheke ingxenye yomlando wedolobha kanye ne-Wi-Fi yamahhala kulo lonke ihhotela.

Uma inketho ngehhotela ingafanelekile, kufanele unake amafulethi. Izindleko zefulethi lesitudiyo ezimbili ngesizini ephezulu ngama-30-50 euros ngosuku (intengo incike endaweni nezinye izici). Intengo ifaka yonke imishini edingekayo efulethini, izidingo eziyisisekelo kanye nokwesekwa ubusuku nemini okuvela kumnikazi wefulethi.

Ukuxhumeka kwezokuthutha

IWeimar isenkabeni yeJalimane, ngakho-ke kulula ukufinyelela kuyo kusuka kunoma yiliphi idolobha elikhulu. Izindawo ezinkulu eziseduze: Erfurt (25 km), Leipzig (129 km), Dresden (198 km), Nuremberg (243 km), Hanover (268 km), Berlin (284 km).

IWeimar inesiteshi sayo sesitimela nesiteshi samabhasi, lapho kufika khona izitimela ezingaphezu kwekhulu namabhasi angama-70 nsuku zonke.

Kusuka eBerlin

Kungcono ukufika eWeimar usuka enhlokodolobha yaseJalimane ngesitimela, egijima njalo emahoreni amathathu. Isikhathi sokuhamba kuzoba amahora ama-2 imizuzu engama-20. Intengo elinganiselwayo - ama-euro angama-35. Ukugibela kwenzeka esiteshini sesitimela saseBerlin.

Kusuka eLeipzig

Ukufika e-Weimar usuka eLeipzig nakho kungcono ngesitimela. Isitimela seqhwa (esivela esiteshini saseMunchen) sihamba njalo emahoreni amabili. Isikhathi sokuhamba yihora eli-1 imizuzu eyi-10. Intengo yamathikithi ngama-euro ayi-15-20. Ukufika kwenzeka esiteshini saseLeipzig Hauptbahnhof.

Izintengo ekhasini zingezikaJulayi 2019.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

Phakathi kwabomdabu kanye nabahlali abahlonishwayo baseWeimar kukhona abaqambi abadumile baseJalimane uJohann Sebastian Bach noFranz Liszt, izimbongi uJohann Wolfrang von Goethe noFriedrich Schiller, isazi sefilosofi uFriedrich Nietzsche.
Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, kwazalwa uhlobo olusha lwenja eWeimar - inja ekhomba iWeimar.

IRiphabhlikhi yeWeimar imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi yomlando kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-1933. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bekuseWeimar lapho kwamukelwa khona umthethosisekelo omusha.
Kuze kube ngo-1944, endaweni eyayihlala ekamu lokuhlushwa laseBuchenwald, kwakhula isihlahla esikhulu se-oki, esisabizwa ngokuthi “isihlahla seGoethe”, ngoba imbongi (futhi yaphila kusukela ngo-1749 kuya ku-1832) yayivame ukuza kuleli gquma ukuzobabaza imvelo yendawo.
Ukwakhiwa komtapo wolwazi ka-Anna Amalia kubizwa nge- "Green Palace", ngoba kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka idwetshwe ngokuluhlaza kuphela.