I-petunia grandiflora enhle kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo nezici zokutshala

I-Petunia isitshalo esaziwa kakhulu yibo bonke abalimi bezimbali. Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi, ngoba ikhula ngokushesha futhi ijabulisa isikhathi eside ngemibala yayo emikhulu ekhanyayo.

Omunye wabamele abaqhakazile bale mbali yi-petunia grandiflora. Esihlokweni sizobheka ukuthi siyini lesi sitshalo nokuthi sinakekelwa kanjani.

Uzofunda umlando wemvelaphi nokutholakala kwalesi sitshalo esihle, ufunde ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani imbewu efanele nezitshalo ezinempilo zokukhiqiza kabusha, ukuthi unganisela kanjani nokuthi ngabe ama-petunias adinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

I-Petunias grandiflora yiminyaka yezimbali. Abamele umndeni kaSolanovy. IGrandiflora ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngenqwaba yezimbali ehlathini, kepha ubukhulu bazo buzojabulisa noma ngubani. Lesi yisitshalo esikhula kancane, ubude baso bufinyelela ku-25-50 cm.Ububanzi bezimbali bungu-9-12 cm. Izimbali zingaba kabili noma ezijwayelekile, kepha izimbali ezimbili azivamile ukuboshwa.

Inkomba! I-Grandiflora izwela kakhulu ngokweqile noma ukungabi khona komswakama nezinguquko zokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ekunakekeleni lezi zitshalo. UPetunia uzokujabulisa ngezimbali zikanokusho ezinsukwini ezingama-85-95 kuphela emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-petunias lwatholakala futhi lwachazwa e-Uruguay ngo-1793 kwathiwa luhlobo lweTabakov. Kamuva, ama-petunias aqala ukuvela ezingxenyeni ezishisayo zaseMelika, kwabe sekutholakala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-30 e-Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Parana, Santa Catarina naseRio Grande. Zonke zikhule kuphela ezifundeni ezincane ezisogwini lwemifula yaseNingizimu Melika. Futhi inhlobo eyodwa kuphela, i-petunia parviflora, eyayinendawo yokuhlala ebanzi. Isatholakala eCuba, eNtshonalanga India, eMexico nase-United States.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala futhi kwachazwa izinhlobo eziningi zama-petunias. Abazalisi basebenze ngokungakhathali ukudala amafomu nezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo. Ngo-1834, isitshalo sokuqala se-hybrid saqhakaza futhi kusukela lapho ama-petunias anezikhukhula eziningi, amapaki kanye nemibhede yezimbali emhlabeni jikelele.

Izinhlobonhlobo nezici zazo

Ububanzi balesi sitshalo bukhulu kakhulu. Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zemibala:

1. Izimbali eziningi - onesizotha kakhulu futhi nezimo. Zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi engadini elifanele bona. Ekunakekelweni, kudingeka ukuthambisa nokudla okuvamile kuphela. Izimbali zinobubanzi obungu-5 cm kuphela, kepha ziningi. Ziqhakaza kusenesikhathi futhi ziyaqhakaza ngombala omuhle isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isikhala samahhala sothando oluhle hhayi olwesabekayo ebhodweni kanye nokwengezelwa kwamavithamini avamile.
2. I-large-flowered noma i-grandiflora - i-thermophilic futhi inezici zokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukusuka kumswakama okweqile, bangalahlekelwa ukubukeka kwabo okukhangayo. Izimbali zinobubanzi obungu-10 cm futhi aziningi njengalezo zezimbali ezinezimbali eziningi. Kudinga izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokunakekelwa okukhethekile ekhaya. Kudinga ukukhanya okwanele, amaminerali aphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwamavithamini enhlabathini, izinga lokushisa elifanele lokukhula nokuqhakaza nokuthenwa okujwayelekile.
3. UFloribunda - isiphambano phakathi kwezitshalo ezimbili zokuqala. Inenombolo eyanele yama-inflorescence amakhulu. Imelana nesimo sezulu esibi. Ibukeka buhle kakhulu kumabhalkhoni, anezinhlaka zemibhede yezimbali, futhi imane ikhule kahle emigqeni yensimu ephelele.

Esigabeni ngasinye kunama-subspecies amaningana, ahlukile ngokuma nobukhulu bezimbali, nokuphakama kwesitshalo.

Zonke izitshalo nazo zihlukaniswe zaba:

• Ukugeleza - khula ngamandla. Zitshalwa ezitsheni ezinkulu. Uyehluka lapho kukhona amahlumela amade asemaceleni. Iyakwazi ukuphonsa iziswebhu kuze kufike ku-1.5 m ubude. Ukuphakama akuyona ngaphezu kuka-50 cm.
• Ampelny Ingabe umhlobiso wokuphila wangempela. Ubude bezihibe bufinyelela ku-1.5 m. Amahlumela we-Cascading. Ikhule ngamabhokisi noma obhasikidi. Kubukeka kumangalisa ezimbizeni. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwakha ukhaphethi wezimbali.
• Ingxenye-ampel - khula ezihlahleni eziluhlaza. Ungeqi ku-40 cm. Isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sendlu.

Ungafunda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zama-petunias ku-athikili ehlukile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeBravo

Isitshalo sokuqala sezimbali. Inemibala ehlukahlukene emangalisayo. Isikhathi esifanayo sokuqhakaza. Ukuzwela ukungabikho kokukhanyisa. Zigatsha kahle, kepha zingaphakathi endlini. Bacishe bangaphumeleli engadini. Kubukeka kukuhle ngaphandle nangaphandle kwembiza. Ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-25-30 cm. Usayizi wembali 8-9 cm.

Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo

Ukuhlwanyela

Sebenzisa umhlabathi okhanyayo we-peat. Fafaza imbewu kancane ngenhlabathi encane. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi ngokwanele ukuthi ingagezi imbewu ngesikhathi sokuchelela. Izinga lomswakama ngesikhathi sokuhluma liyi-100% (lokhu kuzothambisa ijazi lembewu, kuvumele impande ukuthi ivele futhi isize ekwakhiweni kwama-cotyledons). Ungamboza imbewu nge-vermiculite ukuhlinzeka umswakama ozungezile. Izinga lokushisa 24-25^mayelanaKUSUKA.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, umswakama kufanele wehliswe ube ngu-50-70%. Ngoba umswakama ungavimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ufinyelele ezimpandeni, okuholele ezifweni zezimpande. Ungomi. Yehlisa izinga lokushisa liye ku-20-24^mayelanaC. Qala ukondla nge-potassium ne-potassium nitrate.

Okubalulekile! Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukuhlola ukukhula kohlelo lwempande (uma izimpande zikhula kabi, sebenzisa ama-fungicides).

Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa lingu-18-21^mayelanaC. Sondla isitshalo ngomanyolo nge-boron nensimbi. Ngemuva kokuhluma, thumela amabhokisi egumbini elikhanyayo. Phakathi nesonto lokuqala, ukukhanyisa kufanele kube ngamahora we-18.

Ukufakelwa kabusha kwebhodlela

Sebenzisa inhlabathi elula eyenziwe nge-peat. Isonto ngemuva kokufakelwa, nciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-16-17^mayelanaC. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele kube ngama-24^mayelanaC. Nikeza ukukhanya okuningi. Umthunzi emini.

Khulisa i-petunia ku-15^mayelanaKanye nezinga eliphezulu lokukhanyisa. Lapho izimpande zigcwalisa ibhodwe lonke, yehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-13-16^mayelanaKUSUKA.

Umanyolo nabalawuli bokukhula

Yondla ngamanyolo alinganisiwe ngensimbi engezwe ngokunisela ngakunye. Unganiki amanzi ngaphandle komanyolo. Yondla nge-ammonium emazingeni aphezulu okukhanyisa. Ekukhanyeni okuphansi, i-calcium. Sebenzisa umanyolo we-ammonium ekukhanyeni okuphezulu nasezinsukwini zosuku olude. Ezimweni zamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanyisa - umanyolo we-calcium.

Ukuze kube nesitshalo esihlangene nokukhula okuhle, kungcono ukugcina izimo zokukhanyisa ezinhle namazinga okushisa aphansi. Sebenzisa amanani amancane we-retardant ukugwema ukunweba isitshalo. Abalawuli bokukhula bangasetshenziswa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-14. Kodwa-ke, abalawuli bokukhula abahle kakhulu ukukhanyisa, ukunisela nokufaka umquba.

Ungayinakekela kanjani kahle?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola izithombo, futhi ngalokhu udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungazikhathalela kanjani:

1. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, yibeke endaweni efudumele bese umboza ngengilazi noma ngoplastiki.
2. Hlela kabusha amahlumela okuqala eduze kokukhanya, ungasusi ifilimu. Nisela njengoba lisoma.
3. Ungagodli ngokweqile.
4. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, khetha (hambisa iqabunga ngalinye esitsheni esihlukile).
5. Zalisa kusuka ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhula kwezithombo.
6. Lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele siqala, faka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile noma ebhodweni.

Izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane

Isikhunta

• IBlackleg - ingxenye yezimpande yesiqu iba manzi, ibe mnyama futhi ibole. Umshikashika: ungazincishi izitshalo, ungasebenzisi i-substrate esindayo noma ene-asidi, amanzi ngokulinganisela, ungavumeli umanyolo owedlulele we-nitrogen. Susa izithombo ezigulayo ngengxenye ye-substrate ebazungezile.
• Ukubola okumpunga - amabala akhanyayo ansundu, ukuqubuka kuvela ezihlathini nasemacembe, abese embozwa ngokuqhakaza okumpunga okumpunga. Izinyathelo zokulawula: gwema ukuhlwanyela okunamandla, ukuchelela ngokweqile, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, susa njalo izindawo ezilimele.
• Ukubola okumhlophe - ukuvela kwamabala ansundu omanzi, embozwe ukuqhuma okumhlophe. Izingxenye ezithintekile ziyathamba bese ziphenduka zibe mhlophe. Ukumba okujulile nokufaka umhlabathi enhlabathini, ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezingxenye ezilimele kuzosiza.
• Ukubola okumanzi - Ikhula njengokubola okumnyama. Lapho kuvela, fafaza ngamakhemikhali bese ususa umonakalo.
• Indawo ensundu - ukuvela kwamabala ansundu ngokugqwala emaqabungeni. Futha ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.
• Ukulimala okwedlule - isisekelo sesiqu sikhula sibe nsundu futhi sibole. Lapho ukhula izithombo, faka umoya opholile ngokushisa futhi ungazishisi izitshalo.

Amagciwane negciwane

• Ama-Leaf galls - ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela amafushane futhi aminyene phansi kwesiqu.
• Ikhukhamba Igciwane LikaMose - izimbali ezincane ezinamabala angcolile amhlophe noma aphuzi. Igciwane likaMose kagwayi ukuphula ukukhula okujwayelekile kwesitshalo.
• Utamatisi i-aspermia virus - ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile kwezimbali.
• Igciwane le-necrosis kagwayi - ukwakheka kwamabala aluhlaza aluhlaza kumaqabunga. Amahlamvu afe.

Ukunakwa! Ukwelashwa kwazo zonke izifo ezibaliwe zamagciwane kanye namagciwane ukususwa ngokushesha kwesitshalo esigulayo.

Izinambuzane

• I-Aphid - ukufafaza ngezidakamizwa.
• I-Whitefly - ukubamba ngezingibe zeglue eziphuzi.
• Ama-Thrips - ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali.
• Mite yobulembu - ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile.
• Ama-Slugs - sieving superphosphate phezu kwenhlabathi, ukucubungula ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali.

Izici zokuzala

Indlela eyinhloko imbewu. Ama-cuttings awavamile ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, kusikwa ama-cuttings amancane ka-10-15 cm, amaqabunga asuswe abekwe emhlabathini ukujula okungu-5 cm. Inhlabathi ihlala imanzi, izinga lokushisa lingu-20-25^mayelanaKUSUKA.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokukhula nokuzala kwembali:

1. Imbewu esezingeni eliphansi.
2. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imibandela yokunakekelwa.
3. Izifo nezinambuzane.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-petunias ahlanganiswe ngokuya ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Futhi encazelweni yesitshalo esisodwa, ungathola izici eziningana ngasikhathi sinye ezihlobene nokunye ukuhlukahluka. Isibonelo, i-petunia ingaba yimbili encane futhi i-terry. Futhi yile nhlanganisela yezici ezahlukahlukene nephalethi ecebile yemibala okusithokozisayo. Amanye amahle kakhulu yiWave, iTyphoon Silver, iTidal, iLa Gioconda, iRamblin, iSkyry Sky ne-Opera.

Ungesabi ubunzima bokunakekela i-petunia enhle. Mlalele nje futhi umkhathalele ngokunakekelwa kwakhe bese lobu buhle buzoba yindlovukazi engadini yakho noma ekhaya.

Bukela ividiyo: Qhakaza Live (Septhemba 2024).