Izinhlobo ze-varnish yefenisha, izindawo zazo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa
Izinto zangaphakathi ezine-lacquered zibukeka zinkulu futhi zibiza kakhulu. Amelana namachips, ukuklwebheka, imifantu, ukulimala kwezinambuzane nokubola. Ifenisha i-varnish yenziwa ngesisekelo esihlukile: amanzi, i-acrylic, uwoyela, i-resin enezithasiselo eziphilayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo nobubi balo, izici zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuphela kuyatholakala ngesiphetho se-matte noma esicwebezelayo, okuthinta ukubonakala komkhiqizo ophelile.
Ukuqokwa
Impahla eyenziwe ngokhuni, amabhodi ezinhlayiya asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezindlini zasekhaya nasehhovisi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezingezinhle zangaphandle, imikhiqizo ingakhubazeka, iqhekeke, futhi ibumbe. Ukuvikela nokuvimbela ukulahleka kokubukeka okukhangayo, kusetshenziswa ivanishi ekhethekile yefenisha. Imikhiqizo inesakhiwo esakha ifilimu, esizibonakalisa ngemuva kokuthi ukwakheka kusetshenzisiwe ebusweni befenisha nokumiswa kwayo okuphelele. Umkhiqizo ophelile ufakwe i-varnish esigabeni sokugcina sokucubungula.
Ifenisha varnishes iza ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-shades, matte noma glossy finishes, kepha isiphetho sihlala sobala noma siguquke. Lokhu kuvumela ukungafihli, kepha, kunalokho, ukugcizelela ubuhle bemvelo besakhiwo sokhuni.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokucwebezela kwengubo, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zomkhiqizo:
- I-varnish yefenisha kaMatte iyasebenza, ayishiyi izigxivizo zeminwe namabala nhlobo. Izindawo zeMatt zifanelekile endaweni yebhizinisi neyehhovisi, zihlanganiswe nokufakwa kwe-chrome;
- Ukuqedwa okucwebezelayo kunokukhanya okukhulu kokukhanya. Impahla enesikhala esicwebezelayo ivame ukuba yizimpawu eziyinhloko zangaphakathi. Babukeka behloniphekile futhi benhle;
- Ama-varnishes ama-semi-gloss nama-semi-gloss asemhlabeni wonke. Zikulungele ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ifenisha, zibe nesheen elinganiselayo futhi azibonisi amamaki esandla amaningi kuzo;
- Eminye imikhiqizo ilungele ifenisha yasengadini, ayizweli kumswakama, iqukethe izinto ezivikela emiphumeleni emibi yemisebe ye-UV.
Math
Okucwebezelayo
I-semi-gloss
Izinhlobonhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-varnishi, ahlukile ngokwakhiwa, ukuvela kwengubo kanye nezinga lobungane bemvelo. Ukuhlola ukuthi imuphi umkhiqizo ongcono esimweni ngasinye, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngazo zonke izinhlobo.
Amafutha
Izimali zitholakala ngokuxuba uwoyela ohlanjululwe nge-turpentine ne-resin eqinile. Namuhla, ukunciphisa izindleko zomkhiqizo, izithako zemvelo zithathelwa indawo yizinto zokwenziwa. Umoya omhlophe usebenza njengengxenye yokuqedwa.
Umkhiqizo uqina ngemuva kokuhwamuka kwe-solvent, kwakheka ukumboza okuhlala isikhathi eside. Kwifenisha yensimu, ama-varnishes kawoyela aphezulu anamafutha, anamandla, ukumelana kwamanzi, ukuqina. Ifenisha yangaphakathi ingafakwa imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphansi kukawoyela nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuyoma ngokushesha. Ubuso obumbozwe nge-varnish ephansi yamafutha bungafakwa esihlabathini kube isicwebezelisi esiphakeme.
Umkhiqizo kawoyela uthengiswa usulungile, awudingi ukuxubana. Uma kunesidingo sokwengeza izingxenye zokuvungula noma zokuthambisa, zichithwa ngokuphelele ku-varnish. Ithuluzi linenhloso yendawo yonke, ukugcinwa kwefenisha ene-lacquered kuncane.
I-Nitrocellulose
Umkhiqizo utholakala enhlanganisweni yezingxenye eziphilayo, i-resin ne-colloxylin. I-nitrocellulose ayincibiliki emanzini; isici esikhethekile sisetshenziselwa lokhu. Le varnish ilungele ukwelashwa kwanoma iyiphi ifenisha yezinkuni, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nangaphandle.
Ngemuva kokumbozwa, yoma ngokuphelele emizuzwini engama-60 ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-20 C. Ifilimu evelayo inobulukhuni obuphakeme nokushelela. Umkhiqizo ungachazwa njengongenaphunga, ukomisa okusheshayo. Kuyaziwa kakhulu kuzicelo zezimboni nezasekhaya.
Imikhiqizo esekwe emanzini
Ivanishi yefenisha esekwe emanzini iyathandwa ngenxa yobungani bayo obuphezulu bezemvelo. Umkhiqizo awunabo ubuthi futhi awunaphunga. Lapho isetshenziswa ebusweni befenisha, i-varnish yoma ngokushesha, ifilimu inamandla futhi inwebeka kakhulu. Kufanelekile ukuhlobisa ifenisha nganoma iyiphi injongo, kufaka phakathi i-nursery. Isisekelo samanzi somkhiqizo siqinisekisa ukuphepha komlilo okuphezulu.
Imikhiqizo yamanzi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana:
- Ingxenye eyodwa,
- Izingxenye ezimbili,
- I-Acrylic.
Imikhiqizo emibili eyakhiwe nge-polyurethane inamandla kunemikhiqizo yento eyodwa.
Ukungahambi kahle okulinganiselwe ukuthi i-varnish eyenziwe ngamanzi inakho ukumelana nomswakama ophansi. Ngakho-ke, azimboziwe ngefenisha yasengadini nempahla yokugezela.
I-Acrylic
Umkhiqizo utholakala ngokuqedwa kwe-resin ye-acrylic emanzini. Iqukethe nezinhlobo eziningana zama-solvents abizwa ngokuthi ama-coagulating agents. Baguqula i-resin ibe ifilimu eqinile ngemuva kokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Embizeni, ivanishi yefenisha ye-acrylic inombala omhlophe obisi, kepha lapho isoma, yakha okusobala okusobala okungenambala.
Umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu nomswakama ophansi. Ubumanzi, amazinga okushisa aphansi angaholela ekutheni i-varnish ayomi, ifilimu ayiqinisi. Umkhiqizo womisa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo odwetshiwe ungasetshenziswa ngosuku. Ubuso bokhuni obunokumbozwa okunjalo abuphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kugcina ukuthungwa kwayo kwemvelo. Ungasebenzisa i-varnishes enjalo ezinganeni, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nasezikhungweni zenhlalo.
I-polyurethane
Imikhiqizo iqukethe ama-polyesters nama-diisocyanate, ahlukaniswe waba ingxenye eyodwa nambili. Imikhiqizo exubekile idinga ukuxhumeka kwezinto ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Ama-varnish e-polyurethane andise ukuqina kokumboza nokuqina.
Ingaphezulu lefenisha elaphekiweyo ngeke ihlangane nomhuzuko, iyamelana nokulimala kwemishini. Ukumbozwa okusobala akwenzi mnyama iminyaka eminingi, kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zefenisha. I-polyurethane varnish idlula ngisho izingoma ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha ngokuya kokuqina kokugqoka.
Alkyd
Imikhiqizo isuselwa ezinhlakeni zokwenziwa zama-alkyd. IVarnishes ingasetshenziswa kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo, kufaka phakathi izinkuni zemvelo. Ukumbozwa kuyamelana nomswakama, kumelana nomswakama omkhulu nokushisa okweqile.
Ungakwazi ukumboza nge-varnish enjalo hhayi kuphela izingubo zokugqoka, imibhede, kodwa futhi namasethi engadi, ifenisha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yama-verandas avulekile noma avaliwe. Ukuqanjwa kwe-Alkyd kuphakeme ngezici eziningi kumafutha, i-acrylic.
Ukuqothuka
I-craquelure varnish uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-varnish yefenisha. Umkhiqizo usetshenziselwa ukuthola umphumela wokuguga. Ukutholakala komphumela onjalo kungenzeka ngenxa yomehluko esikhathini sokomisa umkhiqizo uqobo nengubo yokuqeda esetshenzisiwe kuwo. Ukwakheka kwe-varnish kunciphisa upende lapho umkhiqizo uphathwa khona, kubangele ukwakheka kwemifantu ebusweni.
Izindawo ezomile kuphela ezingavuswa. Isendlalelo sepende sisetshenziswa kusendlalelo se-lacquer esomile kancane. Ukufeza iphethini elungiselelwe kahle, ungqimba lwe-lacquer ludinga ukomiswa isikhathi eside. Kunconywa ukufaka ukugqoka okunjalo kumikhiqizo ehloselwe amakamelo ngesitayela se-antique, isivuno. Ukubuyiselwa kwama-antique kusetshenziswa ama-shellac ngokwemvelo.
Imithetho yokukhethwa kwezinto ezihlukile
Imikhiqizo ye-Lacquer engagcini nje ngokunikeza ifenisha ukubukeka okukhangayo, kepha futhi yandisa impilo yabo yesevisi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhethe umkhiqizo ofanele. Ngaphambi kokukhetha imbiza, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, akufanele uthenge imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe. Isiqalo ngeke sikwazi ukufeza uhlelo lokusebenza lwefekthri;
- Hlola izinga lokonakala kwesakhiwo sefenisha. Okwemikhiqizo yokudweba noma izingxenye zayo, ezithwala umthwalo omkhulu, izingoma ezimbili ze-polyurethane ziyakhethwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngamatafula, izihlalo. Lapho uhlobisa iminyango yekhabethe, amafreyimu, ama-platbands, ungasebenzisa umkhiqizo we-nitrocellulose noma i-varnish yefenisha esekwe emanzini;
- Ngokuya ngenhloso yefenisha kanye nezimo ezizosetshenziswa kuzona, kukhethwa ukwakheka okuzinzile kakhulu noma imikhiqizo esekelwa emanzini. Okwempahla yasendlini yokuhlala, uwoyela, imikhiqizo ye-acrylic nemikhiqizo ye-alkyd ifaneleka kakhulu. Ngokuhlanzwa okuphindiwe, zivimbela ukuqhekeka. Izinto zasendlini ezingaphandle zifakwe imikhiqizo enezithasiselo ezilwa namagciwane ukuvimbela ukubola nesikhunta.
Lapho ukhetha, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenzisa ifenisha. Uma unamahora we-4-6 kuphela, bese usebenzisa umkhiqizo osuselwa emanzini. Ukucubungula nge-hairdryer yezimboni kusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokoma.
Uma uhlela ukuvanisha imikhiqizo kusuka kumapaneli asuselwe ngokhuni, amamodeli anokusikwa okusongekile, amaphaneli, khona-ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-varnish ku-aerosol. Akudingi ukuxubana nokupenda amabhulashi. Ububanzi obuningi be-shades bukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kokubili umkhiqizo omnyama nomhlophe kunayo yonke.
Umkhiqizo ulele ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezibushelelezi neziqoshwe, ungashiyi zindawo ezingapendiwe noma imigqa. Ifenisha ene-lacquered ithola ukukhanya, ibukeka inhle futhi kulula ukuyihlanza ekungcoleni. Kufanele futhi unake umkhiqizi kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo ebiza kancane ngeke inikeze ukuphela okuhlala isikhathi eside. Izindleko eziphezulu zenzelwe imikhiqizo efanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. Imikhiqizo yokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, njengemikhiqizo kawoyela, yomile isikhathi eside, kepha yakha ifilimu emelana nokuhuzuka.
Ngesicelo somthengi, khetha i-varnish ebonakalayo noma enamabala. Imikhiqizo engenambala ayifanele imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile olubizayo ngokuthungwa okuhle kwemvelo: i-beech, i-oki, i-mahogany. Inikeza ukuvikelwa okudingekayo kepha ayifihli ubuhle bemvelo. Ngemikhiqizo evela ezinhlotsheni ezingabizi kakhulu: uphayini, i-walnut, i-birch, ungasebenzisa izinhlanganisela ezinemibala. Bazonikeza ifenisha ukubukeka kwesitayela, benze ingaphakathi licebe. Iphalethi elinikezwayo lemibala lifaka imibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu yezinkuni, kanye nemibala emhlophe nemnyama, eminye imibala yephalethi le-RAL. Ngokuya ngezinga lokungena enkuni, khetha umkhiqizo omnyama noma okhanyayo kunalokho obekufiswa.
Ukubukeka kwemvelo kakhulu komkhiqizo ophelile kuholela kumkhiqizo we-matte. Akugcizeleli ukushiyeka okukhona, kepha kudinga ukugaya komhlaba ngokucophelela. Ukumbozwa okucwebezelayo kufanele ifenisha ngemibala emnyama. Bagcizelela ukwakheka kwezinkuni ngokhuni, kepha badinga indawo ebushelelezi engaphezulu yomsebenzi. Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka okucwebezelayo, kunzima kakhulu ukunakekela ifenisha epholishiwe, ungabona izigxivizo zeminwe kuyo.
Amapharamitha kanye nezici
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamavanishi wefenisha angahlolwa ngezimpawu zawo zobuchwepheshe. Nayi itafula lokuqhathanisa lemikhiqizo:
| Igama leqembu lomkhiqizo | Izinsalela ezomile,% | I-viscosity | Ukusetshenziswa, g / m2 | Esinemthombo ukumelana umonakalo | Izindleko | Yini okusetshenziswayo |
| I-Nitrocellulose | 5-27 | 38-50 | 30-150 | Ebuthakathaka | Phansi | Wood, umhlobiso oqondile |
| I-Acrylic | 20-45 | 30-80 | 110-150 | Maphakathi | Isilinganiso | Izinkuni, i-veneer, i-MDF |
| I-polyurethane | 25-70 | 40-75 | 80-150 | Namandla | Phezulu | Izinkuni, i-veneer, i-MDF |
| Amanzi asuselwe | 25-35 | 30-70 | 80-120 | Maphakathi | Isilinganiso | Wood, umhlobiso oqondile |
Ama-lacquers efenisha asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa nokunikeza imikhiqizo eseqedile ukubukeka okuhle kusiza ukukhulisa impilo yabo yesevisi. Ngokuya ngesithako esikhulu esisebenzayo, i-acrylic, amanzi, i-alkyd, i-polyurethane, imikhiqizo kawoyela iyodwa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe umkhiqizo ofanele kakhulu ngokususelwa kuzidingo zamandla nobungane bemvelo bokumboza.