Ukubolekwa kabusha kwempahla - kuyini nokuthi ungayikhokha kanjani imali ebolekiwe ngesilinganiso senzalo ephansi + okunikezwayo okuhle kakhulu kwamabhange okwephinda ubolekise ngemali mboleko yango-2020

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Sawubona, bafundi abathandekayo be-Ideas for Life! Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali mboleko: kuyini, ungakwenza kanjani ukuphinda uxhase imali mboleko ngendlela efanele, lapho ungathola khona okunikezwayo okungcono kakhulu kokubuyisela imali mboleko evela kwamanye amabhange ngo-2020.

Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele lingakanani? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili eyethulwe kusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, uzofunda futhi:

Ngabe kunenzuzo ukwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo?
Yiziphi izici zokubuyiselwa kwemali kwempahla yamasosha;
Kukangaki ungakwazi ukwenza kabusha imali mboleko yakho nokuningi.

Futhi ekugcineni kwendatshana, ngokwesiko siphendula imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu.

Ukushicilelwa okwethulwe kuzoba wusizo ekufundeleni hhayi kuphela kulabo abahlela ukwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo, kepha futhi nakubo bonke abafuna ukwenza ngcono izinga labo lokufunda ngezezimali. Uzothola imininingwane eminingi ewusizo ku-athikili yethu, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uqale ukufunda khona manje.

Funda ngokuthi kuyini ukukhokhelwa kabusha kwempahla ebanjiswayo, ungayenza kanjani imali ebolekiwe yempahla ebhange elifanayo noma kwelinye, imiphi imibhalo ongayidinga kakhulu ukwenza kabusha imali ebolekiswayo - funda lolu daba

1. Kuyini ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwempahla - ukubuka konke komqondo ngamagama alula + isibonelo sokubuyiselwa kwemali kwempahla

Ukubolekwa kabusha kwemali mboleko (noma ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko) - Lokhu ukubhaliswa kwemalimboleko entsha ngemigomo evumayo ukuze ukhokhe imali ebolekiwe yempahla ebanjisiwe ngezimali ozitholile.

Noma kunjalo, umuntu kufanele aqondeukuthi lesi simo asihlangene nakancane namacala lapho obolekayo, uma engekho imali yokufeza izibopho zesikweletu, enza imalimboleko entsha. Umphumela uvame ukungena kakhulu esikweletini.

Isici senqubo yokunikezwa imali kabusha kwempahla ukubonakala kwayo ngokuphelele. Inhloso enkulu ukunciphisa umthwalo wempahla ebanjiswayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbolekisi uyazi ukuthi umbolekisi ufake isicelo sini sokubolekwa - okungukuthi ukukhokhelwa ngokuphelele kwemali ebanjisiwe... Ngasikhathi sinye, imali mboleko entsha ikhishwa ngokwemigomo engcono kulowo obolekayo kunaleyo ekhona.

Isibonelo sokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko 📎

Ake sithi phakathi 2015 unyaka kwakhishwa imali ebanjiswa ngemali ethile 14% minyaka yonke. AT 2020 unyaka kukhishwe uhlelo lokuxhasa kabusha imali ngo I-Sberbank... Isilinganiso kuso sasikhona 9%... Ngenxa yalokhu, ngenani elisele lesikweletu, ukukhokhwa ngokweqile kuzoba ngaphansi⇓ ngo-5% ngonyaka.

Uma, esimweni esifanayo, iklayenti lithatha imalimboleko ngaphansi kohlelo oluhlukile, ngoba alikwazi ukubhekana nomthwalo wesikweletu, lokhu akusabuyiselwa imali. Abaxhasi bezimali babheka lokhu kuziphatha njengokungenangqondo. Imvamisa, izenzo ezinjalo ziholela ekwandeni kwesimo esivele sinzima.

Sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi ikuphi ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko kokunye kwendatshana zethu.

2. Izingibe zokubuyiselwa imali kwempahla

Ukuphinda unike imali imali mboleko ngendlela efanelekile akusizi kumakhasimende kuphela kepha nakubabolekisi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le nqubo inezinkinga ezithile kanye nama-nuances amaningi.

Risk Ingcuphe eyinhloko yomboleki lapho enika imali kabusha imali ebanjiswayo kungaba ithuba lesinqumo esingesihle kuzicelo ezifakiwe kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokubhaliswa.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwenqaba kuza ngemuva koqeqesho lokuqala:

ukuxwayisa umbolekisi okhiphe imali ebanjisiwe eyinhloko ngenhloso yokwenza imali kabusha;
uku-oda umbiko wokuhlaziywa kwento ethengiswayo (okuyinto, ngasendleleni, engabizi);
ukulungiswa kwephakeji ephelele yemibhalo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ibhange aliphoqelekile ukwazisa obolekayo ongaba khona ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zokwenqaba.

DifficultyUbunzima besibili bokukhokhela kabusha imali ebanjiswayo ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwayo akutholakali kuwo wonke umuntu.

Kunezimo eziningana lapho kungenangqondo ukufaka isicelo:

Umlando wesikweletu esibi. Noma ngabe ukhokha ngesikhathi esifanele zonke izinkokhelo zempahla, ungakubekezelela ukubambezeleka okuningi, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-microloans. Ngenxa yalokhu, isicelo sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali ngokuqinisekile sizokwaliwa.
Insalela encane yemali nethemu lesibambiso esivumelekile. Amabhange amaningi asetha usayizi omncane walezi zici.
Ukuba khona kokubambezeleka ngemalimboleko ebolekiwe evumelekile.
Imali ebanjiswayo isanda kukhishwa. Imvamisa, izidingo zebhange zifaka isikhathi esincane sokukhokha ngempumelelo kwimalimboleko yendlu. Ezimweni eziningi, kunomkhawulo okungenani wezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Imalimboleko yempahla ebibanjelwe phambilini ibihlelwa kabusha.

FeatureIsici esilandelayo sithinta ikakhulukazi ukudonswa kwempahla yemalimboleko yempahla. Iqiniso ngukuthi kaningi, lapho kuxhaswa kabusha imali, amabhange anikela ngokuhlanganisa imalimboleko yezinhloso eziningi noma ukuthola imali eyengeziwe engukheshi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ihhovisi lentela lingahlola isivumelwano esisha semalimboleko engafanele futhi wenqabe ukukhokha imali ebanjwayo.

❗ Okunye okungafani nobudlelwano neziphathimandla zentela kuvela esimweni sokubhaliswa ukuphinda unike imali... Iqiniso ngukuthi umthetho uhlinzekela ukudonswa kwemali yendlu, kanye nokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali. Kodwa-ke, iKhodi Yentela ayisho lutho ngokukhishwa kabusha kwemali. Ngokombono, lokhu kungaholela ekwenqabeni ukuncishiswa.

Kubalulekile ukutadisha ngokucophelela yonke iminxa yokubuyiselwa kwemali ebanjiswayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi ngokuzayo.

3. Ingabe kunenzuzo ngempela ukubolekisa ngempahla?

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuphinda ubuyise imali yakho ebolekiwe, kufanele uqonde ukuthi kuzoba lusizo kanjani.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza izibalo eziningana:

Hlaziya inani lenzalo esele kubambiso lwamanje. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokukhokha olukhishwe ekupheleni kwenkontileka. Imininingwane efanayo ingahle icaciswe kusetshenziswa ukubhenka nge-inthanethi. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokuzimela ukuthi ingakanani inzalo esazokhokhwa, ungacela isitifiketi ebhange.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenani lenzalo elizokhokhwa kwimalimboleko entsha. Ngalokhu, okokuqala, uzodinga amapharamitha ayisisekelo wempelasonto ezayo. Udinga ukwazi isilinganiso senzalo nethemu. Kuvela ukuthi imininingwane ethembekile ingatholwa kuphela uma kukhona imvume yokuqala yesicelo sokukhokhela kabusha imali ebanjiswayo.
Kusele ukubala okonga... Ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi kuphela ukukhokhelwa ngokweqile uma kwenzeka kukhishwa imali futhi, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izindleko zokubhaliswa kwayo kufanele kudonswe entweni yamanje.

Lapho kutholakala imiphumela yezibalo, udinga ukuzihlolela ukuthi ukulondolozwa kuwufanele yini umzamo ozofakwa ukuze kubolekwe imali.

Ochwepheshe bakhomba amacala alandelayo lapho ukunikezwa imali kabusha kwempahla kungasiza.

Imalimboleko yezindlu yamanje ikhishwa ngemali ehlukile kunaleyo okuholelwa kuyo amaholo, okungukuthi, ukuguqula imali ebanjiswa ngedola ibe ama-ruble kuvame ukuletha ukonga okukhulu;
Ukuxhaswa kabusha kwemali kwenziwa ngemibandela ekhethwayo, enikezwa yibhange kumakhasimende ezinkampani nawemiholo, kanye nasezigabeni ezithile zezakhamizi;
Imali ebanjiswayo ibisikhishwe kudala, kusukela lapho izimo zemalimboleko yekhaya sezishintshile zithanda obolekayo;
Kusenesikhathi esiningi kuze kube sekupheleni kwesivumelwano sokubambisa ngempahla (uma izinkokhelo sezicishe zaqedwa, ukulondolozwa kwenzalo kungenzeka kungakhokhi izindleko ezitholwe ekukhokheni kabusha imali);
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wesikweletu, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuhlanganisa imalimboleko eminingana ne-mortgage.

Lapho uhlaziya izinzuzo zenqubo yokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali, kubalulekile ukuthi ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka funda okunikezwayo emakethe. Amanye amabhange awasebenzi nezinhlobo ezithile ze-real estate. Uma leli qiniso linganakwa, isikhathi sokutadisha izimo zabo singamoshwa.

Umhlahlandlela Oningiliziwe Wokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko

4. Ungayinikeza kanjani imali ebolekiwe ngenzalo ephansi - izigaba eziyisi-5 zokukhokhelwa kabusha kwemali

Imvamisa, labo abafuna ukwenza kabusha imali yokubanjiswa kwemali abazi nje ukuthi bangenza kanjani kangcono. Eqinisweni, kwanele ukwazi izigaba eziyinhloko zale nqubo yokuthola imali kabusha ibe yinzuzo futhi ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isigaba 1. Ukwenza izinqumo

Kubabolekisi abaningi, isinyathelo sokuqala sinzima kakhulu. Inqubo yokuthola imali futhi ithatha isikhathi eside - ezimweni eziningi, yonke inqubo iyenzeka cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5... Kungakho abanye abakhokha imali yendlu bengakuthola kunzima ukunquma ngayo.

Inqubo yokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali kuzodingeka yenze umsebenzi obucayi. Kepha umuntu kufanele anqume futhi aqale kuphela, khona-ke kuzoba lula kakhulu. Sivele sichaze ukuthi singazihlola kanjani izinzuzo zokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali. Lapho lokhu kwenziwa, ungaqhubeka ngokuphepha esigabeni sesibili.

Isigaba 2. Ukukhetha ibhange

Ukukhethwa kwebhange akubalulekanga kangako kunokubalwa kokulondolozwa kwenqubo yokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga ukuthi obolekayo ahlaziye ngokucophelela isimo sakhe sezezimali.

Okokuqala, kuzofanela uhlole lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

iyiphi impahla okubolekiswa ngayo (imvamisa kuyiyona ifulethi, indlu yangasese noma Umhlaba);
noma ngabe ilungelo lobunikazi lenziwe ngokusemthethweni yini (lapho ukubolekwa kuvikelwe yisivumelwano sokubamba iqhaza kokulingana, obolekayo akanaso isitifiketi);
noma ngabe imali yomama abakhulelwe yakhangwa yini uma kubhaliswa isikweletu sendlu;
uhlobo lomsebenzi - ozisebenzelayo noma osomabhizinisi;
noma ngabe ukuqashwa okusemthethweni, noma ngabe kungenzeka yini ukuqinisekiswa kwamadokhumentari;
ukuthi imali engenayo iqinisekiswa kanjani - isitifiketi esinjengombolekisi noma i-2-NDFL.

Amakhasimende asebenzela ukuqasha futhi athola umholo osemthethweni, aqinisekiswa isitifiketi, anethuba elikhulu lokuthatha isinqumo esihle cishe kunoma yiliphi ibhange. 2-NDFL... Ukuhlanganisa okungeziwe kuzoba ukutholakala kwesitifiketi sobunikazi.

Uma imali yokubelethisa isetshenziselwe ukukhokha imali ebanjisiwe noma ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwayo, futhi izingane zibhalisiwe endaweni etholakele, kuzoba nzima ukuthola ibhange lokukhokhelwa kabusha. Ubunzima bosesho buyavela futhi ezimweni lapho imali mboleko ikhishelwa indlu yangasese.

Isigaba 3. Ukuxhumana nebhange

Lapho ibhange likhethiwe, kuyadingeka thumela isicelo kanye nephakeji lemibhalo ukucatshangelwa. Kungcono ukuhlola uhlu lwamaphepha adingekayo ngqo nombolekisi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ibhange ngalinye ngokuzimela lakha uhlu olunjalo.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, kufanele uhlaziye ngokucophelela i-solvency yakho. Inani lezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke kuzo zonke izimalimboleko ezikhona akufanele zeqe uhhafu womholo. Uma lo mthetho ungalandelwa, kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhokhelwa kabusha kwemali kuzokwaliwa. Esimweni esinjalo, ungazama ukuheha ababambisene nabo.

Isikhathi sokubhekelelwa kwezicelo ezilethwe ukukhokhelwa kabusha sinqunywa ngumbolekisi. Ezimweni eziningi, amabhange asebenzisa imali kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezi-5 zokusebenza... Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokungena kwamakhasimende, amagama angakhuphuka kakhulu (kwezinye izimo, aze afike emasontweni amabili).

Ukugunyazwa yiBhange ngesicelo sokuxhaswa ngemali kuvame ukufaka imingcele eyinhloko yemalimboleko ekhishwayo - idatha yekhasimende, isamba, isikhathi futhi isilinganiso senzalo... Kwezinye izimo, lo mbhalo ungangezelelwa yimibandela yomuntu ngamunye, isib, imfuneko yokuvala imalimboleko yabathengi.

Isigaba 4. Ukuvunywa kwempahla

Lapho umboleki evunywa yibhange, kuyadingeka ukuthi kudlule inqubo yokuvunywa kwempahla (imvamisa zombili izinqubo zenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ukonga isikhathi).

Njengoba i-real estate izosebenza njengesibambiso semalimboleko, kuzodingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezilandelayo maqondana nayo:

Lungisa iphakethe lemibhalo edingwa yibhange;
Hlola impahla bese unamathisela umbiko kuyo kumadokhumenti;
Xhumana nenkampani yomshuwalense ukuze uthole imvume yenqubomgomo (lolu lwazi nalo luyathunyelwa kumbolekisi).

Ukuhlola nomshuwalense, kufanele uxhumane nezinhlangano ezikhethekile eziqinisekiswe yibhange. Uhlu lwabo lungacaciswa ngqo nombolekisi.

Lapho nje ibhange lithola yonke imibhalo yale mpahla, ukucatshangelwa kwayo kuyaqala. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha cishe 2-5 izinsuku zokusebenza. Uma impahla ivunyelwe, ukuthengiselana ngemali ekhishwa kabusha kuyacutshungulwa.

Isigaba 5. Ukuqinisekiswa kokukhokhwa kwemali ebolekiwe yamanje

Abanye ababoleki ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi inqubo yokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali iphela ngokusayinwa kwesivumelwano. Empeleni, kuze kube yilapho ibhange linikezwa isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa kwemali ebanjisiwe futhi isibambiso singaphinde sikhishwe, isilinganiso semali mboleko entsha sibekwa ezingeni elikhuphukile.

Ukuqedela inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko nokunciphisa inzalo emalimboleko amasha, kuzofanele uthathe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Khokha imali obambisa ngayo bese uthola isitifiketi ngakho;
Thatha imali ebanjiswa ebhange lapho imali mboleko ikhokhwe khona;
Bhalisa isivumelwano ne-MFC - ukhokhe imali mboleko endala, bhalisa entsha nesivumelwano sokukhokhelwa kabusha;
Fakani imibhalo evela kuRegpalata ebhange.

Imvamisa, ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokulethwa kwemibhalo, ibhange linciphisa inani lenzalo.

Kwabaningi, inqubo yokuxhasa kabusha imali yokubambisa ibukeka iyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kunengqondo ukuyikhipha. Imiyalo engenhla isiza ukubhekana nomsebenzi kalula futhi ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uhlu oludingekayo lwamadokhumenti wokuxhasa kabusha imali ebanjiswayo

5. Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo yokwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo - uhlu lwamadokhumenti adingekayo 📋📒

Ibhange ngalinye ngokuzimela lenza imithethonqubo yangaphakathi yokubhaliswa kwemali ebolekiswa kabusha yezindlu Ngokusekelwe kukho, kwakhiwa uhlu lwemibhalo edingekayo kule nqubo.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kukhona uhlu oludingwa yiwo wonke amabhange.

Imibhalo edingekayo yokuxhasa kabusha imali ebanjiswayo:

isitatimende;
ipasipoti yesakhamuzi seRussia Federation;
izitifiketi eziqinisekisa ukuqashwa nezinga leholo;
amadokhumende wesakhiwo okuyisibambiso;
izinkontileka nezinye izivumelwano eziqinisekisa ukuthengiselana;
imibhalo evela kumbolekisi wamanje - isitifiketi sesikweletu esisele nokungabikho kokubambezeleka, isivumelwano semalimboleko, imininingwane yokubuyisa imali ebanjisiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibhalo ilungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amabhange asetha imigomo yokuba semthethweni kwezitifiketi ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze kungadingeki uphinde wenze amadokhumenti, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukugcinwa kwawo.

Izici zemalimboleko ebolekiwe yabasebenzi bezempi

6. Ukuphinda uxhase imali mboleko yezempi - okuvelele nama-nuances

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukukhokhelwa kwemali ebolekwe ngamasosha kuxhaswa ngokuphelele kwisabelomali sombuso, ukuphinda kunikwe imali nakho kufanelekile kwizimalimboleko zezindlu ezinjalo. Okokuqala nje, ekupheleni kwenkonzo, iklayenti uqobo likhokha ibhalansi yesikweletu. Esimweni esinjalo, kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukukwenza lokhu ngokwemibandela evuna kakhulu. Okwesibili, kuhulumeni, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinkokhelo nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Okwamanje, namuhla isilinganiso semakethe sezinga lokubolekwa kwemali yezempi lisezingeni 10% minyaka yonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokoqobo eminyakeni emithathu noma emine edlule, kwakunjalo cishe i-12%... Esimweni esinjalo, ukuguqula imigomo yokubolekwa kwemali bekuyinkinga ebalulekile kubo bobabili obolekayo kanye nohulumeni.

Ngaphambi kokuqala 2018 ukukhokhelwa kabusha kwempahla ebanjisiwe yezempi akuzange kuhlinzekelwe. Namuhla kungenzeka ukufeza inqubo enjalo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abasaqondayo ukuthi kunengqondo yini ukwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo yezempi, futhi yini ama-nuances wenqubo enjalo.

6.1. Ingabe kunenzuzo kumhlanganyeli wempi obambe iqhaza ekubambeni imali mboleko yempahla?

Ukuqonda ukuthi kunenzuzo kanjani ukwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isilinganiso sishintshe kanjani kuyo. Okwamanje uhlelo luqala ngo-2005 ngemali mboleko yezindlu ebhekwayo, ibibekwa kumaphesenti ayishumi ngonyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwenkinga yezomnotho, ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela nokukhula kwamanani edola kanye ne-euro, izinga lenyuswa ngamaphuzu amaningi.

NgoSepthemba 2017 konyaka ICentral Bank isilinganiso sokhiye sehliselwa ezingeni 8,25%... Umphumela walesi sinqumo, phakathi kokunye, ukwehliswa kwesilinganiso semali mboleko yezempi kwamanye amabhange. I-AHML kubeke ezingeni 9%, I-Sberbank futhi IGazprombank – 9,5%, I-VTB 24 – 9,7%... Esikhathini esifanayo, ubukhulu besibambiso semali engabanjiswa ngaphansi kohlelo obucubungulwayo bunyusiwe.

Ngakho-ke, labo abathathe isibambiso semali yezempi ekuqaleni kokumiswa kwayo - ku 2005 unyaka, akukho phuzu ekuzameni ukulenza kabusha. Izinga lanamuhla licishe lilingane. Uma ukubhaliswa kwesivumelwano semali mboleko kwehla eminyakeni yenhlekelele, kufanelekile ukuzama ukuyivuselela.

Ukuxhasa kabusha imali ebanjiswa ngempahla yezempi ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke, futhi wehlise inkokhelo ephelele ngokweqile yesikhathi sonke semalimboleko. Le nqubo inqubomgomo yomshwalense omuhle kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma kwenzeka uxoshwa emsebenzini, umboleki kuzodingeka akhokhe ama-akhawunti nebhange ngokuzimela.

6.2. Ungayenza kanjani kabusha imali ebolekiswayo yezempi - ungaqala kuphi

Isinqumo sokugcina mayelana nokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali mboleko senziwa yibhange. Abaningi namanje abaqondi ukuthi kungani kufanelekile ukuqala inqubo enjalo, ngoba izinkokhelo zomboleki zikhokhwa nguhulumeni.

Kepha ungakhohlwa lokho ku 2015 futhi 2016 Inkomba yomnikelo wokuqoqwa wonyaka ayizange yenziwe eminyakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibikezelo zezinga layo nazo zehliswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunengozi yokuthi abanye abasebenzi bezempi bazosala nezikweletu ekugcineni kwesivumelwano sokubambisa.

Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinyathelo ezithile ezithathiwe ukunciphisa lezi zingcuphe, kungenzeka ukuthi zisebenzele labo abathathe imalimboleko yezempi. kuze kube ngu-2014... Bonke abanye ababolekisi basengozini yokushiya insizakalo nezikweletu.

Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu esimweni esichaziwe kungaba ukwehla kwamanani wempahla ebanjiswayo. Usayizi wayo uqala namuhla kusuka ku-8.5% ngonyaka... Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba phansi kakhulu ngokuzayo.

Qaphela! Ngokungafani nemali mboleko ejwayelekile, lapho ukukhokhelwa kabusha kwemali bekudume iminyaka eminingi, le nqubo ngaphambili ibingenakwenzeka kwizimalimboleko zezindlu zamasosha. Kumazinga weRosvoenipoteka, akuhlinzekwanga nje. Ekuqaleni kuphela 2018 ithuba lokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali mboleko ecatshangelwayo laqalwa.

Ngokubolekisa ngemali ukuze unciphise inani lenzalo yemali mboleko yezempi, ungafaka isicelo sobabili ebhange lapho lalibhaliswe khona nakomunye umbolekisi. Lapho sekuphothulwe inqubo yokuxhasa kabusha imali, umboleki uzonikezwa imali ezosetshenziselwa ukukhokha imali ebanjisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzokhokhwa ngokwemibandela emisha futhi, mhlawumbe, ebhange elisha.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo, okokuqala, thinta isikhungo sezezikweletu lapho sibhaliswe khona. Imvamisa, amabhange aya ukuhlangabezana nomboleki futhi ehlise izinga ngamaphuzu angu-1-2... Namuhla lo mkhuba usebenza ku I-Sberbank, IGazprombank nezinye izikhungo zezikweletu.

Lapho uthinta ibhange “lakho” ukuthola imvume yokuthola imali futhi, umlando omuhle wesikweletu uvame ukwanele. Uma kukhulunywa ngokubolekwa kwempi yamasosha, nalokhu kuvele kungabi ndaba zalutho, ngoba izinkokhelo zenziwa nguhulumeni.

Mayelana nemali mboleko yezempi, namuhla Isincomo seCentral Bank ekwenziweni kwezinkontileka ngesilinganiso esingu-8.25% ngonyaka. Ochwepheshe beluleka ababoleki abanesilinganiso semalimboleko esingaphezu kwamaphoyinti amabili ngaphezulu kunaleso esibekiwe, ukuthi baxhumane nebhange ukuze balibuyekeze.

Uzoqala ngaphi?

Egameni lesikhungo sezikweletu, kufanele ubhale isitatimende... Akunzima ukuthola ifomu elijwayelekile ku-intanethi. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa embhalweni inombolo futhi usuku lokubhaliswa kwesivumelwano sokubambisa ngempi... Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucacisa njengesisekelo iqiniso ngesilinganiso esinqunywe yiBhange Elikhulu LaseRussia.

Kuzoba wusizo ukubhala ukuthi umboleki uthembisa ukukhokha imali ekhokhelwa umshwalense ngesikhathi esifanele futhi anikeze nemibhalo edingekayo ukuze kusetshenzwe ukukhokhelwa kabusha kwemali Uma ibhange linqaba ukwehlisa inani lenzalo, kufanele ucele ikhophi ebhaliwe yesinqumo esinjalo.

Ngakho-ke, ithuba lokuphinda ubuyise imali ebanjiswe ngempahla yezempi akumele lishaywe indiva. Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi abasebenzi bezempi baxhumane nebhange hhayi bodwa, kodwa ndawonye. Izenzo ezinjalo zingaphoqa umbolekisi ukuthi athathe izinyathelo ezinqala, ngoba ingozi yenani elikhulu lamakhasimende athembekile ashiya ezinye izikhungo zezezimali izobonakala.

7. Ukunikezwa okuhle kakhulu kokukhokhela kabusha imali ebolekiwe yamanye amabhange kulo nyaka - ukubuka konke okunikezwayo okunenzuzo kakhulu TOP-3

Ukukhetha uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokukhokhelwa kabusha kwempahla, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa okunikezwayo okuvela emabhange amaningi. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho kuzokwazi ukwenza inqubo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ongazimela ngokuzimela izimo zenani elikhulu lamabhange futhi akhethe okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwawo. Ukulinganiswa kwamabhange, okwenziwe ochwepheshe bezezimali, kungasiza. Ngezansi ukubuka konkeTOP-3 iziphakamiso zokukhokhela kabusha imali ebolekiwe evela kwamanye amabhange.

# 1. I-Sberbank

AbakwaSberbank banikela ngokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali yokubolekwa kwempahla nethuba lokuyihlanganisa nezinye izimalimboleko. Kulokhu, inani eliphelele lemalimboleko kufanele libe hhayi ngaphansi 1 futhi akusekho 7 ama-ruble ayisigidi... Ukukhula okuphezulu kungukuthi 30 iminyaka.

Izinga lenzalo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano lincike ekutheni yimaphi imali mboleko ehlelelwe ukwengezwa kabusha. Uma kuphela imali ebolekiswe ngemali, iyaqala kusuka ku-9.5% ngonyaka... Uma ezinye zihlanganiswa nemalimboleko yendlu, isilinganiso esiphansi kuzoba yi-10%.

I-Sberbank ibeka izidingo ezilandelayo kumakhasimende ahlela ukwenza imali kabusha:

Ubudala okungenani iminyaka engu-21;
Obolekayo kumele abe ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala ngosuku lokukhokha kokugcina;
Lapho usayina inkontileka, isikhathi sokusebenza endaweni yokugcina kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.

# 2. IGazprombank

Lapho uxhasa kabusha imali ebanjiswayo, izingqinamba zeGazprombank angiphinde 85% wenani elilinganisiwe lesakhiwo esibanjisiwe... Kulokhu, usayizi wemalimboleko ozokhishwa kumele ube sebangeni kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 kuye kweziyizi-45.

Kulokhu, isilinganiso sisethwe ezingeni 9,5-14,5% ngonyaka. Ubukhulu bayo bunqunywa ngokuya ngokubhaliswa komshwalense. Ukuvuthwa kungafika eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu.

Inombolo 3. I-VTB

Ngezinhlelo zokuxhasa kabusha imali ku-VTB, umkhawulo usethwe kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-30. Lo mkhawulo usebenza ku- EMoscow futhi Isifunda saseMoscow, ezifundeni liphansi kancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunomkhawulo - inani lemalimboleko alikwazi ukudlula 80% wenani lesakhiwo esilinganisiwe, esebenza njengesihloko sesibambiso. Uma ngasikhathi sinye umboleki efisa ukuhlela ukukhokhelwa kabusha ngokunikeza iphakethe elincane lemibhalo, inani lemalimboleko lilinganiselwe 50% wenani elilinganisiwe.

Izinga ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokubolekwa lisethwe ebangeni kusuka 9,5 ngaphambi 11% ngonyaka. Ukukhula okuphezulu kungaba yiminyaka engama-20-30. Kukhuphuka imali enikezwa amakhasimende.

Ngokuqhathanisa okulula kakhudlwana kwezinhlelo zokubuyiselwa kwemali kwempahla emabhange abhekiwe, izimo zazo eziyinhloko zethulwe etafuleni elingezansi.

Inhlangano yezikweletu	Inani	Linganisa	Ithemu
1) Ibhange	Izigidi eziyi-1-7 zama-ruble	Kusuka ku-9.5% ngonyaka lapho unika imali kabusha imali ebolekiswayo Kusuka ku-10% - lapho kuhlanganiswa isikweletu sendlu nezinye izimalimboleko	Akudluli iminyaka engama-30
2) IGazprombank	Kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 kuye kweziyizigidi ezingama-45 (engekho ngaphezulu kwama-85% wenani elilinganisiwe lempahla yangempela)	9.5-14.1% ngonyaka Izinga lincike ekubhalisweni komshwalense	Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-30
3) VTB	Kuze kube ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-30, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-80% yenani elilinganisiwe lempahla kanye ne-50%, uma kunikezwa iphakethe elincane lemibhalo	9.7-11% ngonyaka	Iminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 (okuningi kumakhasimende emiholo)

* Ngemininingwane esesikhathini, bheka amawebhusayithi asemthethweni amabhange.

8. Ibhange linikela ngokwakha kabusha esikhundleni sokuphinda uxhase ngemali ebanjiswayo - uyini umehluko futhi iyini imiphumela yenqubo enjalo

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo mayelana nokukhetha phakathi kokunikezwa imali kabusha nokwakhiwa kabusha, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela lemiqondo emibili. Ababoleki bavamise ukubadida futhi bavumelane nenqubo eyodwa kunenye.

Abantu abakude nezezimali bayakukholelwa lokho ukuxhaswa kabusha futhi ukuhlela kabusha - empeleni kuyinto efanayo, ngoba banomgomo wokuqala ofanayo. Kuqukethe ukunciphisa umthwalo wempahla kanye nokwenza ngcono imigomo yokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko. Eqinisweni, le mibono yehluke kakhulu. Ukuqonda umehluko, kufanelekile ukuwahlola ngokwemiphumela yokugcina.

Ukuxhaswa kabusha kunenzuzo emabhange ikakhulukazi ukuheha ababoleki abasha. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uhudule amaklayenti abekade ekhokhela imali ebanjisiwe kwezinye izikhungo zezikweletu. Lokhu kuvumela ibhange ukuthi lenyuse iphothifoliyo yemalimboleko yesikhathi eside, kanye nenzuzo, yize inzalo yemalimboleko enjalo iphansi.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha Izikhungo ezibolekisayo zinikeza ababoleki abakhona. Lesi silinganiso kuhloswe ngaso ukugcina ubudlelwane nekhasimende. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, inhloso yokuhlela kabusha ukusiza ekukhokheni abakweletayo abanezinkinga. Le nqubo ihlose kakhulu ukwehlisa umthwalo wempahla ezimweni lapho okhokhela enezinkinga zezezimali.

Ukulungiswa kabusha kusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kunamathuba aphezulu obuhlongandlebe, noma sekuvele kwenzekile.

Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlelwa kabusha:

Ukwehliswa kwezinga ngaphansi kwesivumelwano semalimboleko;
Ukwandisa isikhathi sempahla;
Ukubalwa kabusha kwesheduli yokukhokha, kufaka phakathi ukushintsha izinkokhelo zempesheni zenze ezahlukaniswa;
Amaholidi esikweletu, lapho obolekayo enikezwa ukuhlehliselwa noma kungaba yilo lonke inani noma isikweletu esiyinhloko (okungukuthi, inzalo kuphela okufanele ikhokhwe isikhathi esithile);
Kwezinye izimo, ukubhala izinhlawulo, izinhlawulo, nokulahlekelwa.

Amabhange awahlali esebenzisa ukuhlela kabusha kuphela lapho esebenza nababoleki abayinkimbinkimbi. Imvamisa banikela ngenqubo enjalo kumakhasimende aphendukele kuwo ukuthola imali futhi. Ukuze angalahlekelwa ngumboleki futhi angalahlekelwa yinzuzo ngendlela yenzalo ekubambeni kwakhe, ibhange liyamnika ukuhlela kabusha.

Iyini imiphumela kulokhu?

Iklayenti lincishisiwe izinga, inkokhelo yenyanga iyancishiswa. Ngokuvamile, umboleki uneliseke ngokuphelele ngezenzo ezinjalo. Izinkinga zivela kamuva kakhulu uma obolekayo ethatha isinqumo sokuphinda abuyise imali enjalo ebanjiswe kwelinye ibhange. Kulokhu, okokuqala, umbolekisi ubuza ukuthi ngabe imali mboleko ihlelwe kabusha yini. Impendulo enhle yalo mbuzo imvamisa ilandelwa ukwenqaba ukwenziwa kabusha kwemali.

Isinqumo esingesihle mayelana nesicelo sokuxhaswa ngemali sichazwa, okokuqala, ngenhloso enkulu yokwakhiwa kabusha. Njengoba le nqubo yenziwa ukuxazulula isimo namakhasimende anezinkinga, ibhange likholelwa ukuthi umboleki phambilini wayenobunzima ekwenzeni izinkokhelo zempahla ebanjisiwe. Kumbolekisi, lokhu kusho ingozi eyengeziwe yokungakhokhelwa kwemali mboleko ekhishiwe.

Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuvuma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwempahla. Uma kunezinkinga ngokwenza izinkokhelo, inqubo enjalo izosiza ukungalahlekelwa yifulethi (noma enye ingcebo), ukubhekana nezikweletu ngaphandle kokonakalisa umlando wakho wesikweletu, nangaphandle kokuxhumana nabaqoqi. Kodwa-ke, uma ibhange lihlongoze ukwakhiwa kabusha ukuvimbela ukukhokhelwa kabusha komunye umuntu obolekayo, kungcono ukwehla.

Imininingwane engaphezulu yokwakhiwa kabusha kwemalimboleko ekushicilelweni kwethu okuzinikele.

9. Yini okufanele uyinake lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuphinda unike imali imali mboleko yempahla mort

Ukuze isinqumo sokuphinda ubolekise imali ebanjiswayo sibe sesifanele, futhi nenqubo yaletha ukonga ngempela, kubalulekile ukuthi unake izeluleko zochwepheshe ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, funda okunikezwa ngamabhange lapho uyiholo noma iklayenti lebhizinisi. Kubabolekisi abanjalo, amabhange ngokuvamile athuthukisa izimo ezithandekayo zomuntu ngamunye.
Akufanele uqale ukuklama ngokuya ngokukhangisa kuphela. Imvamisa, ukunikezwa kwangempela kwamabhange kwehluke kakhulu kunalokho abakusebenzisela ukuheha amakhasimende.
Naka inhloso yemalimboleko, ekhonjisiwe esivumelwaneni sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali. Akunakwenzeka ukubuyisa ukuncishiswa kwentela kwemali mboleko engamakiwe.
Funda ngokuvikeleka lapho i-real estate ibhange elithile lihlunga imali ebanjiswayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuphinda unike imali, qiniseka ukubala izinzuzo. Isikweletu esikhulu kuzofanele sikhokhwe kunoma yikuphi, kanti imali esetshenzisiwe yenziwa ngomehluko ngamaphesenti. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungakhohlwa ukubheka izindleko zenqubo. Uma bedlula ukonga, ukufaka imali kabusha akunanzuzo.

Ngaphezu kokulandela izincomo ezingenhla, kufanele uthembele esimeni sakho. Amanye amabhange anikela ngokuhlanganisa imali mboleko nezinye izimalimboleko lapho enika imali kabusha, noma ukukhipha inani elithile lemali ngokheshi. Uma lokhu kufanelekile kuwe, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nalezi zinhlangano zezikweletu.

Izimpendulo Zemibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo (i-FAQ)

Ukubolekwa kabusha kwemali mboleko - isihloko sinabile impela, sinama-nuances amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uyitadisha, kungavela imibuzo eminingi. Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi usesha, siphendula okuthandwa kakhulu.

Umbuzo 1. Izimali ezikwehliswayo zibanjiswa kaningi kangakanani?

Inani lezicelo zababolekisi ezikhungweni zezikweletu maqondana nokwakhiwa kabusha kwempahla ayibekelwe umthetho. Kepha ibhange lingakhawulela ngokuzimela le nqubo. Futhi, uma kukhona ukubambezeleka kokukhokha, yenqaba ukuvunyelwa ngokuphelele.

Ukuxhumana nebhange ukuthola imali futhi etholwe lapha imali ebanjiswayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlangano zezezimali zikuvumela ukuthi ubuyekeze imigomo kuphela ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqala. Lokhu kuphoqa ababolekisi ukuthi baphathe leso sinqumo esiphezuluumthwalo.

Uma ukuxhaswa kabusha kuhlelwe ukuthi kwenziwe kwelinye ibhange, uzodinga ukwenza inqubo yokuhlola nokuvunywa kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele uqoqe iphakethe eligcwele lamadokhumenti, ukhokhele izinsizakalo ze-appraiser nenkampani yomshuwalense.

Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi, ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imibandela ehlongozwayo. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nokubalwa okungeziwe okwenza sikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe kunengqondo ukuqala le nqubo noma ngabe kufanelekile ukugcina imalimboleko ekhona.

Umbuzo 2. Yiziphi izidingo zamabhange kubaboleki ukwenza imali ebolekiwe ngaphandle kobufakazi bemali engenayo?

Izidingo zomboleki lapho enika imali kabusha imalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo ngaphandle kwezitifiketi zengeniso

Amandla okwenza kabusha imali ebanjiswayo ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa imali engenayo itholakala kuphela kumakhasimende asebhange ahlangabezana nale mibandela elandelayo:

Ubuzwe baseRussia;
ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-21;
umlando omuhle wesikweletu;
isikhathi esisebenza ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12;
ithuba, uma kunesidingo, lokuheha obolekane noma oqinisekisa.

Ibhange ngalinye ngokuzimela lithuthukisa izidingo zababolekayo. Ngakho-ke, uhlu olungenhla lunganwetshwa. Kuvame ukudingeka: ukutholakala kokubhaliswa esifundeni sokubhalisa, ukuhlinzekwa kwephakeji lamadokhumenti. Phakathi kwazo: izitifiketi zokubhalisa nesehlukaniso, ukuzalwa kwezingane, izitatimende zasebhange nezinye.

Umbuzo 3. Ngabe kukhona ukudonswa kwentela kokukhokhela kabusha imali ebanjiswayo?

Zonke izakhamizi zeRussian Federation ezithenge ifulethi (noma enye indlu) zinelungelo lokudonswa intela. Lapho wenza imali mboleko ngale njongo, isinxephezelo sifuneka ngokuthi ngenani lempahla etholiwefuthi ngenzalo ekhokhiwe.

Engqungqutheleni yayo, ukuphinda unike imali kabusha kwempahla kufakwa esikhundleni semalimboleko eyodwa enye. Ngakho-ke, umboleki owenza izinkokhelo ngaphansi kwalesi sivumelwano unelungelo lokuthola imali ebanjwayo. Kulokhu, ihhovisi lentela kuzofanele linikeze zombili izivumelwano zokubambisa ngempahla: esokuqala nesisha, ukuze i-IFTS ikwazi ukulandelela ushintsho ezimweni.

Kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuthi isivumelwano sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali kufanele sibe nesibonakaliso sokusetshenziswa kwemali okuhlosiwe - ukubolekwa kwemali kabusha kwempahla... Uma obolekayo ethatha isinqumo sokuhlanganisa imalimboleko eminingana abe munye, kuzofanele akhohlwe ngokudonswa kwentela kwenzalo ekhokhiwe. Iqiniso ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemali akusebenzi kwizimalimboleko ezivikelwe yi-real estate.

Umbuzo 4. Yikuphi ukubanjiswa kwempahla engingayifaka kabusha?

Ithuba lokuphinda unike imali imali yokubolekwa kwemali litholakala kuphela uma lihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile:

Amabhange ajwayele ukubeka imikhawulo kubude besivumelwano sesibambiso. Ezimweni eziningi, ngeke kukwazi ukwenziwa kabusha imali mboleko yomuzi engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu esele kuze kube sekupheleni.
Izikhungo zezikweletu zingabeka futhi umkhawulo enanini lokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali. Kubambiso esikhishwe ekuqaleni, kufanele kukhokhwe okungenani ama-20-50% wesikweletu esikhulu.
Ukuba khona kwesikweletu esedlule sekwedlule isikhathi kwimpahla ebolekiswe ngemali evunyelwe akuvunyelwe.
Izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke kumele zenziwe ngesikhathi okungenani unyaka owodwa. Eqinisweni, amabhange abuye alinganise isikhathi eside sokukhokha. Uma ukubambezeleka bekuvunyelwe ngaphambilini, amathuba esinqumo esihle ancishiswa kakhulu.
Phambilini, imali ebanjiswayo ayizange ihlelwe kabusha.

Umbuzo 5. Yiziphi izidingo zento ethengiswayo uma ufaka isicelo sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali?

Lapho efaka kabusha imali ebanjiswayo, amabhange abeka izidingo ezimbalwa entweni ethengisa izindlu esebenza njengesibambiso sokuthengiselana. Umbolekisi ngamunye wenza uhlu lwabo ngokuzimela.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu angakhomba izidingo zempahla, ezisebenza cishe kuwo wonke amabhange:

isibambiso ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali kufanele sibe yindawo efanayo nezindlu ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuqala sempahla;
ubunikazi kufanele bubhalwe phansi futhi bubhaliswe ngokuhambisana nomthetho osebenzayo;
obolekayo, kanye nezihlobo zakhe, bangabhaliswa endaweni yokuhlala;
ingcebo akufanele ibe nokunye okuhlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwesibambiso sesibambiso sokuqala;
kuze kube yilapho isibambiso sidluliselwa ebhange elisha, indawo yokuhlala ayinakuqashwa.

Ngakho-ke, akungabazeki ukuthi ukunikezwa imali kabusha kwempahla kuyindlela ebalulekile yezezimali. Inhloso yayo enkulu ukunciphisa izinga lokukhokha ngokweqile kwimalimboleko yezindlu.

Kodwa-ke, akufanele uvume ukuphinda unikeze imali mboleko yakho ngaphandle kokwenza izibalo zokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ukonga okuholelwayo kuhlanganisa zonke izindleko zenqubo.

Abanye ababoleki bayenqena ukuqala ukukhokhela kabusha imali, bethi abanaso isikhathi salokhu. Kodwa-ke, ukonga kungaqala kusuka kumakhulu ambalwa kuze kufike ezigidini. Izamba ezinjalo cishe zizokholisa wonke umuntu.

Sikweluleka futhi ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokuthi iyini nokuthi ungayenza kanjani kabusha imali ebanjiswayo:

Lokho kuphelele kithina, kepha iqembu lesiza "Imibono Yempilo" alisho kuwe!

Uma unemibuzo, ukuphawula noma okungeziwe kulesi sihloko, bese ubhala kumazwana angezansi. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukwabelana ngendaba kumanethiwekhi omphakathi nabangane bakho. Kuze kube yisikhathi esilandelayo!