Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane ngenyanga yesi-3 yokuphila, kuze kube unyaka owodwa kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5
Ukuzalwa kwengane umcimbi womndeni ojabulisa kakhulu. Izinyanga zokuqala zempilo yengane ziyisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuvuleka indlela ende nejabulisayo yokukhula iye kumuntu omncane owaziyo ngaphambi kwengane. Kuningi okufanele akufunde ngomhlaba omzungezile, ngakho-ke abazali abasebasha kumele benze zonke izimo zokuthuthuka okufanele nokutholwa kwamakhono abalulekile.
Umehluko ekukhuleni kwabafana namantombazane
Kusukela eminyakeni eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane ngayinye ingabona ubulili bomuntu. Kodwa-ke, kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala ukuzibiza kuqala kuqala ngobulili ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nontanga, ngokwesimiso sokuziphatha kwabo ngesikhathi semidlalo. Ukukhula kwabafana namantombazane kuyehluka ngokuya ngemibandela ethile.
| Amakhono namakhono | Abafana | Amantombazane |
|---|---|---|
| Amakhono ezimoto | Abafana babonakala ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamakhono amakhulu wezimoto: ukugijima, ukweqa, ibhalansi. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunolaka kakhulu futhi kuxhashazwa. | Amantombazane - amakhono emoto amahle: ukubhala, ukudweba, ukumodela. |
| Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwi | Uma iqhathaniswa namantombazane, inkulumo iyakhula ngokubambezeleka okuthile, isilulumagama asisihle. | Ukufunda kuyiphuzu elinamandla, ikhono lokunaka izimpawu ezingezona ezomlomo - iphimbo, iphimbo. Ngakho-ke, amantombazane "angabangeneleli" abahle, anekhono lokuveza imizwa nemizwa esesekuqaleni kokuthuthuka. |
| Amandla okuhamba uye ebhodweni | Ngeminyaka emibili, abafana banamathuba amaningi okuthi bachame embhedeni. | Bafunda ukupheka ngokushesha. |
| Izinyathelo zokuqala | Ukuthambekela kokunyakaza okwandayo, "i-adventurism", kunquma ikhono lokuthatha ngokushesha izinyathelo zokuqala ukuze kuvivinywe amandla abo ngokushesha. | Amantombazane amancane abonakala ngokusalela kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3 ekutholeni amakhono okuhamba, ngokungafani nabafana. |
| Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okukhuluma | Ukulangazelela ukuncintisana kugqame kakhulu kunamantombazane, kubenza bangene ezingxabanweni zomlomo. | Amantombazane asenza kangcono ekukhuleni kwenkulumo, ngaphambi kwabafana cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. |
| Ukulangazelela ukutholwa okusha | Abafana abafuna ukwazi, ukuze bazizwe benethezekile ngokwengqondo, bahlala befuna okutholakele okusha, ngenjabulo bahlola konke okungaziwa, obekungaqondakali phambilini. | Amantombazane akhetha ukuzilibazisa okuthulile, imidlalo engasebenzi kangako. Banentshisekelo enkulu ekuhleleni "ikhoneni labo elifihlekile" ngokuhlelwa kwamathoyizi, ukuhlela izinto abazithandayo. |
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, singakhuluma ngokusalela ekukhuleni kwabafana abavela emantombazaneni ngomehluko wamaviki ama-3-4. Kepha ekuqaleni kobusha, leli gebe lisuswe ngokuphelele. Yize abesifazane abasebasha abalinganayo bengena esigabeni esithokozisayo sokukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imvelo inikeze abafana ithuba lokujabulela ubuntwana obungenankathazo iminyaka emide.
Amakhono nokuthuthuka kwabafana namantombazane kuze kube unyaka nenyanga
| Iminyaka yengane nesikhathi | Amakhono namakhono | Amathiphu nezeluleko eziwusizo kubazali |
|---|---|---|
| Inyanga e-1 Ukuzijwayeza | Ngenyanga yokuqala, ingane ifunda ukuba ngaphandle kwesizalo sikanina, ngakho-ke ichitha amahora afinyelela kwangu-20 ngosuku ephusheni, isikhathi esisele esidlayo. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, uqala ukunaka amathoyizi, futhi umbala wokuqala ohlukanisayo ubomvu. Futhi, ingane iqala ukukhangwa yimisindo ezungezile, kepha izingqondo ezisanda kuzalwa zisalondoloziwe:
Izingane ezithuthukile zinekhono lokubamba ikhanda zodwa. | Umgomo oyinhloko ukudala izimo zenduduzo eyengeziwe yengane: umbuso ofanele wokushisa, ukuxhumana komuntu siqu - ukubamba, ukukhuluma, ukucula izingoma, ukudlala. |
| Izinyanga ezi-2 "Imvuselelo" yokuqala | Ingane iqala ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa iphapheme - kuze kube yimizuzu engama-50. Amakhono wokubuka nokuzwa athuthukisiwe - manje uyakwazi ukubona izinto kude no-0.5 m, ukuhlukanisa amazwi wabazali bakhe. Iphinde ibambe ikhanda limile, liphendukele ohlangothini lwaso embhedeni. Ukucabanga kwezinsana kuyaphela. Isizinda esingokomzwelo siyakhula. | Ukusiza ingane yakho ukuba ikhule ngokomzwelo, udinga ukuhlekisa ingane kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka - yile ndlela okuzovela ngayo ukumamatheka kokuqala. Ukukhuluma naye, lapho-ke uzoqala ukusabela kumagama okwamanje angaqondakali ngemisindo yokuqala: "agu", "abu", "aha", "gugu". |
| 3 izinyanga Ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo | Amakhono ohlelo lwengqondo, lomzimba, nolwezemizwa ayakhula ngokuqaphelekayo.
| Ingane yenza imizamo yokuqala yokugingqika futhi ivuke izibambo iyodwa, ngakho-ke akufanele uyishiye yodwa embhedeni ukugwema ukuwa nokulimala. |
| 4 izinyanga Ukuvuselelwa okusebenzayo |
| Ngalesi sikhathi sokukhula, ingane ibonakala ngomuzwa wokwesaba ukulahlekelwa ngunina. Kusezinyangeni ezine lapho kufanele unake futhi unakekele ingane yakho ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Izinyanga ezi-5 Umsebenzi womzimba |
| Abazali kufanele batshele ingane amavesi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bachaze ngokuningiliziwe iziqephu zezithombe, ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okukhuluma. Ungaqala ukufundisa amagama okuqala: "mama", "baba", "baba". |
| Izinyanga eziyi-6 Ukuhlola umhlaba ozungezile |
| Lapho ingane iqala ukukhasa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe zonke izinto ezingaphephile ekufinyeleleni. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-7 Ukulawula umzimba wakho |
| Ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamakhono emoto amahle kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela okusezandleni zengane, ngoba izingxenye ezincane zingangena kalula emlonyeni, ekhaleni, nasezindlebeni. Ukuvuselela intshisekelo yokuqonda, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchaze ngokuningiliziwe izinto ezizungezile, ukubiza kahle izingxenye zomzimba. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-8 Ukuphikelela |
| Kakade kule minyaka, izingane zingakwazi ukuphimisa igama lokuqala elinengqondo, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhuluma nazo kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, uqinisa inqubo ngemidlalo elula yokuzijabulisa - i- "cuckoo" noma "okukhona". |
| Izinyanga eziyi-9 Ukushesha nokwanda komsebenzi |
| Imizamo yokuzimela yengane yokugibela esihlalweni noma kusofa kufanele yenziwe ngaphansi kweso elibukhali labazali. Lapho uvumela ukudlala nge-plasticine, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi akayidonseli emlonyeni wakhe. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-10 Ukushesha nokwanda komsebenzi |
| Ukuzethembela kuzo zonke izinhlobo kumele kukhuthazwe - izingane zale minyaka zithanda ukunconywa, okubuye kuzikhuthaze ukuthi zifunde izinto ezintsha. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-11 Inhlonipho yokuqala |
| Ukuqinisa imikhuba emihle yokuxhumana ngenhlonipho, kubalulekile ukucela ingane yakho ukuthi ithi sawubona, usale kahle, ngiyabonga ukuthi wakhe lo mkhuba. |
| Izinyanga eziyi-12 Kusukela ebuntwaneni kuye ebuntwaneni |
| Uma phambilini abazali sebevele bazamile ukuqeqesha ingane ngamabhodwe, lapho inezinyanga eziyi-12 ingane ingahle ivele iqale ukuzibuza ukuthi "phuma" kumanabukeni. |
Yini izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu okufanele zikwazi ukuyenza
Lapho ineminyaka engu-0 kuye kwengu-5, ingane iphila ngezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhula, lapho kwakheka izimfanelo zomuntu siqu namakhono abalulekile. Ukuze athole imfundo eyiyo yokuqala futhi akwazi ukuziphatha kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi ahlanganyele naye njalo - ukudlala, ukuthuthukisa isiko lomzimba, ukukhuluma, amakhono emoto amahle, indawo yomzwelo, ukucabanga okunengqondo.
| Iqembu lobudala | Amakhono namakhono | |
|---|---|---|
| Iminyaka 1-2 | Ukucabanga okunengqondo | Dlala ngamacube, beka ama-turrets, bonisa intshisekelo yocwaningo ngokuhlukanisa izinto. |
| Amakhono okukhuluma | Memezela amagama alula, wazi amagama awo wonke amalungu omndeni. | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi | Ukuze ukwazi ukuqamba kahle izingxenye zomzimba, ubuso. | |
| Amakhono asekhaya nawasemakhaya | Iya ethoyilethi, vuka uhambe wedwa, uphuze enkomishini, uqonde futhi uphendule imiyalelo yabazali, ulingise imikhuba yabanye abantu. | |
| Izinsiza zentuthuko | Ama-puzzle, i-ABC, i-Alphabet, amakhadi, amakhasi wokufaka imibala, ama-stencils, ama-cubes. | |
| Iminyaka 2-3 | Ukucabanga okunengqondo | Ukujwayelana kokuqala ngezibalo, yenza izenzo ezi-2-3 ezilandelanayo, khombisa ukulangazelela ukudweba, ukwakhiwa. |
| Amakhono okukhuluma | Memezela imishwana yamagama angama-4-5, qaphela imiyalo yabantu abadala, wazi izingoma zezingane ezilula kakhulu, izinkondlo. | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi | Hlukanisa phakathi kwezimoto. | |
| Amakhono asekhaya nawasemakhaya | Ukwehla ngokuzimela nokukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukugqoka, ukukhumula, ukusebenzisa ibhodwe, ukubuyela emuva, ukugcina ibhalansi kubha, ukwazi ukusebenzisa isikele, uqeqeshelwe inhlanzeko yesandla. | |
| Izinsiza zentuthuko | Amakhadi anezinombolo kanye namajamo wejometri, imidlalo-izinhlangano, ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo, imilolotelo yezinkulisa, izigaxa zolimi, amakhadi ezithombe: izilwane, izithelo, imifino, izimoto, izinhlelo zokusebenza. | |
| Iminyaka 3-4 | Ukucabanga okunengqondo | Ukwazi ukubala kufinyelele kokuthathu, ukhombise izinombolo eminweni yakho, usebenze ngemibono yokuthi "okuningi-okuncane", "okuphansi kakhulu", njll., Ukuhlukanisa: umbuthano, isikwele, unxantathu, unekhono lokuqhathanisa izinto ezime, umbala, usayizi, wenze ngazimbili izinto ngesici, ukuthola ukufana nokwehluka kwezinto, ngaphandle kwezinto ezingadingekile, ngekhanda uchungechunge lwezithombe namagama, ukwazi ukusebenza ngokugxila emsebenzini. |
| Amakhono okukhuluma | Bona futhi uchaze izithombe, wakhe imisho yamagama ayi-5-6, uhlukanise izimpawu zezinto, ukwazi ukwakha amaqembu azo. | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi | Hlukanisa izilwane ezifuywayo, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, izinambuzane, izihlahla, izimbali, amajikijolo. Yiba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo ngezinto okwenziwa ngazo izinto. Hlukanisa isikhathi sosuku, izinto zemvelo. | |
| Amakhono asekhaya nawasemakhaya | Gqoka ngokuzimela, ukhulule, sebenzisa izinto zehhovisi ngobuhlakani, udwebe izithombe zasendulo ngendlela yamachashazi, imigqa, imibuthano, izibalo zokupenda, wazi imithetho yenhlanzeko. | |
| Izinsiza zentuthuko | Amakhadi anokubala, izifundo zokubala ividiyo, ama-puzzle amabili, izincwadi zokusebenza zezibalo, imidlalo enamadayisi, izindlela zokupheka, imidlalo yomculo, ama-encyclopedia okuqala akhuluma ngezilwane nezinambuzane, izincwadi ezikhuluma ngezinkathi zonyaka, isethi yezitsha zezingane, i-plasticine, âZiqoqele ngokwakho ". | |
| Uneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala | Ukucabanga okunengqondo | Hlukanisa izinhlangothi nezikhombisi-ndlela, wandise ulwazi mayelana nokuma kwejometri, uqondanise izinto nezinombolo lapho ubala, ukwazi ukubhala izinombolo, ukwazi ukwengeza izinto ngokuya ngomgomo womakhi, qamba izimpendulo zemibuzo: "Kungani?", "Kungenzeka yini?", "Ngani?" , khetha amagama aphikisana nencazelo. |
| Amakhono okukhuluma | Yakha imisho yamagama ayi-5-8, ulwazimagama olujwayelekile okungenani amagama angama-1000, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezingxenye zomzimba wabantu nezilwane, ukwazi ukuqamba into ngezimpawu, ukuqonda okushiwo izandiso, ukugcina inkhulumomphendvulwano, ukwazi imininingwane yokuqala ngawe: igama, iminyaka, indawo yokuhlala, sebenzisa inkathi edlule enkulumweni. | |
| Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi | Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwemifino nezithelo, ukwazi ukuthi zivuthwa nini, zikhulela kuphi, zazi izindlela zokuhamba kwezinambuzane, ukwazi ukuqamba izilwane zezingane ngendlela efanele, ukwazi izimpawu eziyinhloko zesizini ngayinye. | |
| Amakhono asekhaya nawasemakhaya | Ukwazi ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo, faka izinkinobho noziphu, udwebe ngaphandle kokukhipha ipensela eshidini, upende izithombe, ubuke imingcele yomdwebo. Kule minyaka, ungaqala ukwethula ingane ezinhlamvwini zolimi lwakwelinye izwe. | |
| Izinsiza zentuthuko | Kufakwa imibala yamachashazi wokuxhuma, izindlela zokupheka ezinezinombolo, amaphazili amathathu, izincwadi zomsebenzi ezibalweni, emaphazili, omagazini bezemfundo bezingane, izinsiza kufunda, imilolotelo yokubala, imidlalo ye-didactic enezinhlamvu nezithombe ezinemibala, ama-encyclopedia "The World Around", umdlalo "Tic-tac-toe", izincwadi zezingane nge-anatomy, amakhadi ane-alfabhethi lolunye ulimi. | |
Amathiphu Wevidiyo
Lokho uDkt Komarovsky akushoyo ngokukhula kwengane
Udokotela wezingane owaziwa umhlaba wonke, uchwepheshe ocwaningweni lwezinkinga zezempilo nokwakhiwa kobudlelwano phakathi kwemindeni - uDkt Komarovsky. Abazali abaningi balalela umbono wakhe, ubhala izincwadi, uvele kuthelevishini, noma aqhube isiteshi sakhe se-YouTube. Ukutadisha inqubo yokukhula kanye nokukhula kwengane, u-Evgeny Olegovich wabeka amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile.
- Ukuziphatha kuhlobene eduze nenhlalakahle - akukho ukukhala okungahambi kahle noma ukumemeza kwengane. Kodwa-ke, umkhuba wokuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisana nanoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kungaholela ekuluthekeni.
- Izimo ezinethezekile ezidalelwe ingane phakathi nezinyanga ezingama-2-3 zokuphila kwayo zizothinta ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamakhono akhe okuzimela ngokuzimela emvelweni.
- Ukunakwa kwabazali kuyinto enamandla kakhulu ekwakheni impilo kunokuhambela odokotela bezingane.
- Ukuze ingane ijabule ngokweqiniso, ilangazelele, isebenze, ukufunda kwayo kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa izincwadi nemidlalo yezemfundo, ngoba izinto zezingane ze-didactic zihlanganiswa ngenhloso yokuzilibazisa, "ukudonsa" ezintweni ezingokoqobo zansuku zonke.
- Umbuzo wokuphinda ufundiswe, ukuqeqeshwa kabusha umgomo ocishe ungaxazululeki. Ukuqala ukwakha izimfanelo ezinhle nokuziphatha okulungile kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqonda kwengane ngokwenzeka nxazonke. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yezemfundo yezinyathelo ezeqile - izijeziso ezinzima, kungcono ukukukhipha ngokuphelele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi obaba bangcono kakhulu ekukhuliseni ingane kunabomama.
Kuyafaneleka yini ukukhathazeka uma kunokungajwayelekile?
Ukutholwa komhlaba ozungezile, okhanyayo futhi osebenza ngezindlela eziningi, kungumthombo wentshiseko, okuvelayo okumangazayo kwengane. Abazali abaningi bazibeka icala uma bebona ukuthi ingane isemuva ngandlela thile ekukhuleni koontanga. Kodwa-ke, sekuyisikhathi eside kufakazelwa ukuthi izimo ezinjalo ezimweni ezingavamile zivela ngenxa yethonya lezici zofuzo noma amaphutha ekunakekelweni kwengane.
Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukisa amakhono namakhono ezingane iqondene nomuntu ngamunye okhulayo. Noma kunemikhuba yobudala emaphakathi yokukhula kwesigaba esithile sokukhula, ukwakheka kwezingane ezinempilo ngokuphelele kungahle kungahambisani nalezi "zibalo zekhalenda".
Ukuthuthukisa amakhono omphakathi kanye nesizinda esingokomzwelo
Amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukuvezwa kwemizwa nemizwelo kuncike kakhulu ebusheni bengane - ukuzola noma ukusebenza, kepha izimo zokuphila ziyisici esinamandla ekwakhekeni kwazo. Izimfanelo ezimbi, imikhuba emibi, noma imilutha akuyona ifa. Udokotela wezingane ozokwazi ukukhomba nokuqeda inkinga ngesikhathi angalungisa isimo esingesihle. Ukungenelela kochwepheshe kudingekile ikakhulukazi ekuphazamisweni kokuthuthuka kwezimoto nokwe-neuropsychic.
Kungakanani ubudala ukubhalisa izingane ezigabeni nasemibuthanweni
Abazali ngokwabo banganikeza usizo olungabuyiseki ekukhuleni kwamakhono noma amathalente omntwana ngokumbhalisa kumbuthano wokudala noma esigabeni sezemidlalo. Ubuntwana yisikhathi esifanele sokuphila sokufuna izinto zokuzilibazisa ezintsha, lapho amandla echichima.
Ojahidada baziwa ngokubonakaliswa kwemibono yokudala, abanqikazi ukusho izinkondlo zokwakheka kwabo, ukucula izingoma, ukudansa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Abakalazi uhlaka oluzovimbela izinkanuko zabo, ngakho-ke akufanele usole isifiso sengane sokuzibona ngobuciko. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza noma yikuphi ukwenziwa, noma ngabe imidwebo yokuqala ingu "kalyaki-malyaki", nemisebenzi eyengeziwe ekhaya, eyenziwa, yebo, ngentando, izovusa intshisekelo emsebenzini othile.
Iminyaka efanelekile yokuya ezigabeni zokuqeqeshwa yiminyaka emi-5-6. Ngale minyaka, izingane ziqala ukubona umehluko phakathi kokufunda "kwangempela" nokuzenzakalela.
Emakilabhini amaningi ezemidlalo, izingane zithathwa ngokuzithandela ngisho zineminyaka engama-2-3, futhi akusifanele isikhathi ngesinqumo sokuthumela ingane emidlalweni yezemidlalo, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwakhe komzimba.
Kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, ukuvakashela ichibi kungumcimbi wokuzijabulisa, futhi eminyakeni engu-7-8 ubudala usungacabanga "ngokulungiselela ama-Olimpiki".
Izingane ziyakwazi ukuqonda kahle izilimi zakwamanye amazwe kusukela eminyakeni lapho ziqala nje ukufunda ukukhuluma. Isimo sokwamukela konke okusha kufinyelela kunoma iyiphi inkulumo.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Ukuthuthuka ezinganeni kwenzeka ngendlela yomuntu ngamunye, ngejubane labo, impumelelo, amaphutha. Akunasiqinisekiso sokuthi noma ikuphi ukubambezeleka ekwakhiweni kwamakhono enganeni, ngokungafani nontanga abaphumelelayo, kungukuphambuka kokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, akukaze kube buhlungu ukuxhumana nodokotela wezingane onolwazi noma we-neurologist. Odokotela bazokwazi ukubona nokuqeda izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi.