ISanta Maria del Mar - Isonto elivelele laseBarcelona
ISanta Maria del Mar ingesinye sezakhiwo ezingamaGothic ezingajwayelekile eBarcelona naseSpain. Lesi sonto, esaziwa nangokuthi iNaval Church yaseSt.Mary kanye neNaval Cathedral yaseBarcelona, ukuphela kwesonto elisaphila ngesitayela esihlanzekile saseCatalan Gothic.
Lokhu kukhanga okuyingqayizivele kutholakala kwikota yeLa Ribera ye-Old Town yaseBarcelona.
Inkomba yomlando
Ngemuva kokuthi u-Alfonso IV the Meek eyinqobile impi neSardinia ngo-1324, wanquma ukwakha ithempeli elihle eBarcelona. Futhi njengoba izimpi eziningi zale mpi zazilwelwa olwandle, isonto lombhishobhi lathola igama elifanele: iSanta Maria del Mar, okusho ukuthi iNavy Cathedral yaseSt.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1329, iNkosi u-Alfonso IV uqobo lwakhe wabeka itshe elingokomfanekiso esisekelweni sesonto lesonto elizayo - lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngisho nombhalo ongaphambili lwesakhiwo, owenziwe ngesiLatin nangesiCatalan.
ISonto laseSanta Maria del Mar eBarcelona lakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu - eminyakeni engama-55 kuphela. Ngakho-ke kungakholeki ngaleso sikhathi, ijubane lokwakhiwa lichazwa ukuthi izakhamizi zekota yonke yeLa Ribera, ebikhula futhi ichuma ngenxa yemboni yasolwandle, bezibandakanye ekwakhiweni. I-Naval Church yaseBarcelona yayihlelwe njengesikhungo senkolo sabantu abavamile, ngakho-ke bonke abantu baseLa Ribera babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abagibeli bamachweba bafeza cishe i-feat: bona ngokwabo bahudula enkwalini yeMontjuic lonke itshe lokwakha elidingekayo ekwakhiweni. Yingakho eminyango ye-portal emaphakathi kunezibalo zensimbi zabalayishi abazingele ngaphansi kwesisindo samatshe amakhulu.
Ngo-1379, ngaphambi nje kukaKhisimusi, kwaqubuka umlilo, ngenxa yokuwa kwengxenye yesakhiwo. Vele, lokhu kuzenzele ukulungisa futhi futhi kwandise isikhathi sokwakha esiphelele, kepha akukho okunye: ngo-1383 kwaqedwa isonto laseSanta Maria del Mar.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1428 kwadala umonakalo omkhulu esakhiweni, kufaka phakathi ukubhujiswa kwewindi lengilazi elinamabala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga. Kakade ngo-1459, ithempeli lase libuyiselwe ngokuphelele, esikhundleni sesisulu, kwavela i-rosette entsha enamabala.
Ngo-1923, uPapa Pius XI wahlonipha iSonto LaseNavy ngesiqu se-Small Papal Basilica.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo Santa Maria del Mar
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinjalo bekuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside - okungenani iminyaka eyi-100. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi izakhiwo eziningi zasendulo ziqukethe izinto zezitayela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha. Kepha iBasilica yaseSanta Maria del Mar eBarcelona yinto ehlukile. Yakhiwa eminyakeni engama-55 kuphela futhi manje iyisibonelo kuphela esisaphila seCatalan Gothic emsulwa. I-basilica ivelele ubunye bayo obumangalisayo besitayela, okuyinto engavamile ngokuphelele ezakhiweni ezinkulu zangezikhathi eziphakathi.
Isakhiwo sosayizi ohlaba umxhwele sakhiwe ngokuphelele ngamatshe, yonke indawo kunezindiza ezibanzi zezindonga ezinobuso obushelelezi nenani eliphansi lokuhlobisa. I-façade enkulu izungezwe amarimu amatshe, njengokungathi umisa ngenhloso itshe elikhulu. Umhlobiso oyinhloko iwindi-rose-ingilazi enkulu enamabala ayindilinga etholakala ngenhla komnyango ophakathi; kukhona namafasitela amancanyana anomusa namakhothamo akhonjiwe (yize engekho amaningi awo).
Ingosi emaphakathi yaleli bandla yenziwa ngethamo elibanzi elineminyango emikhulu yokhuni embozwe okuqoshiwe. Ezinhlangothini ze-arched portal kukhona izithombe zeSanta Peter noPaul. Kunezithombe ezibaziweyo kwi-tympanum: kuhleli uJesu, phambi kwakhe kumi uMariya oguqe ngamadolo noJohane uMbhapathizi.
Imibhoshongo yensimbi yaseSanta Maria del Mar ihlukile impela: ingu-octagonal, ifinyelela kumamitha angama-40 kuphela ukuphakama, futhi ayigcini ngezinsimbi, okuyinto ejwayelekile kumabhishobhi amakhulu amaGothic, kodwa enezingqimba eziqondile ngokuphelele.
Okubalulekile! Ukungena kwalesi sakhiwo kufinyeleleka kubantu abanokuhamba okuncishisiwe.
Basilica ngaphakathi
Umbono owenziwa lapho kucatshangelwa ukubukeka kwe-Basilica yaseSanta Maria del Mar uhluke ngokuphelele emizweni evela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Kuba yinto engaqondakali ngokuphelele ukuthi ngemuva kwezindonga zamatshe ezisindayo nezimnyama kungaba khona isikhala esikhulu kangako! Yize eSpain, naseYurophu, kunamasonto amakhulu kakhulu kuneNavy Cathedral eBarcelona, awasekho amasonto avulekile. Lokhu kuyindida, kepha kuyaqondakala.
ICatalan Gothic ibonakala ngesici esinjalo: uma ithempeli linama-aisled amathathu, khona-ke womathathu ama-naves anokuphakama okufanayo. Ukuqhathanisa: cishe kuwo wonke ama-cathedral ase-European Gothic, ukuphakama kwama-naves ohlangothini kuncane kakhulu kunokuphakama komaphakathi, ngakho-ke umthamo wesikhala sangaphakathi ungaphansi kakhulu. E-Basilica yaseSanta Maria del Mar, i-nave enkulu ingamamitha angama-33 ukuphakama, kanti ama-naves asemaceleni ngamamitha angama-27 ukuphakama. Lokhu kungenye yezimfihlo zokuthi kungani umuzwa wesikhala esikhulu wenziwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Ingxenye yesibili yendida yizinsika. I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria del Mar ayinazo izinsika ezinkulu ezivamile emathempelini amaGothic. Nawa amahle, abonakala ngathi mancane kakhulu esakhiweni esikhulu kangaka, ama-pylon angama-octagonal. Futhi zitholakala ngamamitha ayi-13 ukusuka komunye nomunye - lesi yisinyathelo esikhulu kunazo zonke kuwo wonke amasonto ase-European Gothic.
Ngokuqondene nomhlobiso wangaphakathi, akukho "chic and glitter with tinsel bright" ekhethekile. Konke kuqinile, kuvinjelwe futhi kuhle.
Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu
Imininingwane ewusizo
ISanta Maria del Mar eBarcelona itholakala ePlaça de Santa Maria 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Ungafika e-Basilica cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yaseBarcelona:
- ngebhasi lezivakashi, yehla esitobhini sePla de Palau;
- ngemetro, ulayini ophuzi u-L4, yeka uJaume I;
- ngebhasi ledolobha uNombolo 17, 19, 40 no-45 - isitobhi sasePla de Palau.
Amahora wokuvula nezindleko zokuvakashelwa
Ungavakashela isonto mahhala ngokuphelele:
- kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo sekuhlanganisiwe - kusuka ku-9: 00 kuye ku-13: 00 nokusuka ku-17: 00 kuya ku-20: 30;
- NgeSonto - kusuka ku-10: 00 kuya ku-14: 00 futhi kusukela ngo-17: 00 kuya ku-20: 00.
Kepha njengoba ngalesi sikhathi kucishe kuqondane nesikhathi sezinsizakalo, ukungena kwabavakashi kungahle kube nomkhawulo.
Izinhlelo zokuvakasha
Kusuka ngo-13: 00 (ngeSonto kusukela ngo-14: 00) kuya ku-17: 00, iBasilica yaseSanta Maria del Mar ingavakashelwa ngohambo oluqondiswayo. Uhambo oluqondiswayo lwenziwa ngabasebenzi besonto ngesiNgisi, iSpanishi nesiCatalan. Kunezinhlelo eziningi, kepha akukho neyodwa yazo evunyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.
Ngesikhathi samaholide, uhambo lokuvakasha lungashintshwa, noma olunye uhambo lungakhanselwa ngenxa yezimo zezulu. Nganoma yiziphi izinguquko, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yaseSanta Maria del Mar: http://www.santamariadelmarbar Barcelona.org/home/.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-6-8 ubudala, lezi zohambo zimahhala, ezinye izigaba zezivakashi kufanele zithenge ithikithi. Yonke imali engenayo etholwe ngokuvakasha iya emsebenzini wokubuyisela nomsebenzi owenzelwe ukugcina isimo senkosi.
Izinkambo zophahla
Ukunyuka ophahleni lwesakhiwo, izivakashi zingathola zonke izindawo eziseduze kakhulu futhi zithokozele umgomo wokwakhiwa kwaso, futhi zibabaze umbono omnandi we-panoramic weBarcelona. Kunezinhlelo ezimbili: ezigcwele (imizuzu engama-55 - ihora eli-1) futhi zifinyeziwe (imizuzu engama-40).
Izintengo ezigcwele zethikithi lohlelo:
- kubantu abadala - 10 €,
- eyabafundi nabahola impesheni engaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kanye namalungu eqembu labantu abangaphezu kwe-9 - 8.50 €.
Izindleko zamathikithi ohlelo olwehlisiwe:
- kubantu abadala - 8.50 €;
- eyabafundi nabahola impesheni engaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 - 7 €.
Kusihlwa Santa Maria del Mar
Ngalesi hambo sehora nesigamu, izivakashi zingabheka ngokuphelele wonke amakhona esonto futhi zilalele umlando wawo. Ukukhuphuka phakathi kwemibhoshongo kuya emazingeni ehlukene ophahla, izivakashi azigcini nje ngokubona izakhiwo eziseduze zalesi sakhiwo, kodwa futhi nemigwaqo emincane yase-El Born, izakhiwo eziyinhloko zeSuite Velha, nombono omangalisayo we-360º we-Barcelona ebusuku.
Intengo yamathikithi:
- kubantu abadala 17.50 €;
- okwabafundi, abathathe umhlalaphansi, kanye namalungu amaqembu angaphezu kwabantu abayi-10 - € 15.50.
Yonke intengo ku-athikili ingeka-Okthoba 2019.
Amathiphu awusizo
- Ukuvakashela isonto, udinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela ikhabethe lakho - kufanele lihambisane nendawo engcwele. Amabhulukwe amafushane, iziketi ezimfushane, iziqongo ezingenamikhono ziyizimpahla ezingafanelekile ngisho nasesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu.
- Lesi sonto sinemisindo emihle kakhulu futhi siphethe amakhonsathi omzimba ngezimpelasonto. Ungabavakashela mahhala. Kepha udinga ukuba nemali nawe, ngoba abasebenzi baqoqa iminikelo yokulondolozwa kwesonto. Unganikeza noma yiliphi inani, futhi ukwenqaba ukunikela kuwuphawu lokunambitheka okungalungile.
- Noma ngubani onentshisekelo endaweni engcwele yaseSanta Maria del Mar ngokuqinisekile uzothanda incwadi yombhali waseSpain u-Idelfonso Falcones "Cathedral of St. Mary". Le ncwadi yashicilelwa ngo-2006 futhi yathengiswa kakhulu, yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingama-30.
Uhambo oluqondiswayo lwendawo yaseBorn (Ribera) kanye namaqiniso omlando athakazelisayo ngeSanta Maria del Mar: