I-Philumenia: Iminyaka Engama-200 Yokuqoqa Umlando
Izinto eziningi ezijwayelekile zizungeze umuntu ekuphithizelweni nasekuphithizelweni kwempilo yansuku zonke. Kepha ibheji ye-nondescript, uhlamvu lwemali, noma isitembu esigqamile sinomlando waso, kwesinye isikhathi othakazelisayo. Ibhokisi likamentshisi elinelebula lesici - inqolobane "yomlilo othanjisiwe", lingasho ngomlando wezwe ngesikhathi likhishwa. Kungaba yipulatifomu encane yezikhangiso zentengiso, ngamanye amagama - isikhangiso noma ukuletha injabulo yobuhle kumqoqi. Kuyini i-phylumenia? Ake sikhulume ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "phylumenia"?
Igama elithi filumeniya lisho enye yezinhlobo zokuqoqa. Abantu abanothando baqoqa amalebula wokufanisa, amabhokisi, izincwajana (izincwadi zemidlalo) nezinye izinto ezihlobene kakhulu nalesi sihloko.
Izimpande ze-philological zaleli gama zivela kwimvelaphi yesiGreki nesiLatin. IPhilumenia ifaka amagama amabili - isiGreki "Philos" (ukuthanda) nesi-latin "Lumen" (umlilo). Owesifazane oyiNgisi uMarjorie Evans entwasahlobo ka-1943 ngokokuqala ngqá waphakamisa leli gama ngokusemthethweni "phillumeny"... EsiNgisini, lo mqondo ubukeka kanjena -«phillumeny "... Ngokuya ngomdlandla wakhe, angaqhathaniswa ne-philately - izitembu zokuqoqa.
IQINISO! NgesiRashiya, i-phylumenia ekuqaleni yayibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili "l". Kodwa-ke, ngo-1960 kwakhishwa isimemezelo sePolitburo, lapho leli gama labhalwa ngohlamvu olulodwa "l". Ngenxa yalokhu, umqondo wanyamalala kwizichazamazwi zesipelingi iminyaka eyishumi futhi wavela kuphela maphakathi no-70s wekhulu elidlule ekubhalweni okusha.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Umlando
Ukuqoqa amalebula wokufanisa kuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200 yesipiliyoni. Baqala ukuqoqa amabhokisi omentshisi ngokushesha, lapho nje amabhokisi omentshisi evela emashalofini ezitolo ezithengisa. Abanye abaqoqi bayaziqhenya ngengcebo embukisweni wabo - amalebula avela emabhokisini lapho kugcinwa khona amameshi "amakhemikhali". Izinto ezinjalo zibuyela emuva cishe ku-1810-1815! Ngo-1826 noma ngo-1827 (usuku oluqondile alwaziwa), lapho umentshisi "wesiteleka" - ingqondo yomqambi waseNgilandi uJohn Walker, yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngezinga lezimboni, ukuqoqwa kwamabhokisi ahlanganisiwe kwasabalala.
IQINISO! Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe I, kwakhiwa imiphakathi yabaqoqi abafanayo futhi kwanyatheliswa izincwadi ezikhethekile. Ngeshwa, lezi zinhlangano zanyamalala ekubetheni kweMpi Yezwe II. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kuka-1945 amaklabhu amasha abaqoqi aqala ukuvela emhlabeni jikelele.
Ungalikhetha kanjani ibhokisi lokuqoqa
Ukuqoqa uhlelo lokuqoqa. Umqoqi ngamunye ulandela umgomo othile, enentshisekelo kweyodwa, mhlawumbe izihloko ezimbalwa. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ethanda ukuqoqa amabhokisi anamalebula kusukela esikhathini se-USSR futhi wahlangana nebhokisi lomentshisi elinesithombe sika-Y. A. Gagarin, owenza indiza yakhe engafi ngo-Ephreli 12, 1961, kungakuhle ukwengeza uchungechunge. By the way, kukhona 6 nezinye ziphephile kulolu chungechunge - noValentina Tereshkova, G.S.Titov nabanye osomkhathi. ESoviet Union, izinketho eziningi ezithakazelisayo zenziwa:
- Amaqhawe amancane eMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.
- Izithombe zemvunulo kazwelonke yamaRiphabhuliki eNyunyana.
- Uchungechunge lwemoto yevintage.
- Uchungechunge lwezilwane.
- Ezemidlalo.
- Izithombe, ziyaluza ziyeke ukuphuza nokunye.
Lapho ukhetha isihloko, kufanele uqoqe lonke uchungechunge. Yilokhu okushiwo ukuqoqa. Kunconywa uqobo lwe-philumenist uqobo ukuthi ibhokisi elinelebuli lisesimweni esihle.
Ungaligcina kanjani iqoqo
Mhlawumbe ama-philatelists kuphela azokwazi ukuqonda ama-philumenists. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izitembu, njengamalebula omentshisi, ziyizinto ezintekenteke. Kwenziwe ngephepha nangoyinki okuzoshabalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-Philatelists agcina ukuvezwa kwawo kuma-albhamu akhethekile, futhi ama-philumenists asebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokwenza lokhu:
- Ngosizo lwe-albhamu ezenzele yona. Phezulu kwebhokisi likamentshisi kunamathele ephepheni elijiyile. Bese kuthi amashidi athungwe ngentambo eqinile yenayiloni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke i-albhamu.
- Ngebhokisi. Kwezinye izimo, ama-philumenists awathandi ukudweba uqobo. Umbukiso ubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwebhokisi, ukuthi livula kanjani, ngisho nangomentshisi ongaphakathi kulo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-albhamu ayifanele - ngemuva kwakho konke, kufanele ugcine lonke ibhokisi.
Usebenzisa i-albhamu eyenziwe ngesandla noma ibhokisi, "impilo" yeqoqo ingakhuphuka kakhulu.
IPhilumenia emhlabeni naseRussia
Ngemuva kuka-1945, i-philumenia yaqala ukuthola amandla, yaheha amalungu amasha emhlabeni jikelele. Okwamanje, umphakathi omkhulu kunayo yonke enesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe uthathwa njengesiNgisi esithi "The British Matchbox Label & Booklet Society", esingabandakanyi iGreat Britain kuphela namakholoni angaphambilini, kepha namanye amazwe. ERussia, lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa uvele ngisho nangaphambi kokuba baqale ukwenza nokuthengisa imidlalo yabo. Abahambi namatilosi bafika namabhokisi avela emazweni akude njengezikhumbuzo, njengamazibuthe esiqandisi namuhla. Ngesikhathi sokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kumenyezelwe ukuqoqwa kwemibukiso eyi-1000.
Ngemuva kokudutshulwa okungokomlando kwe-Aurora ngo-1917, i-philumenia yawela enkingeni. Kwalengiswa ilebula elingafanele - "ubandlululo lonxiwankulu." Kodwa-ke, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu elidlule, izingxenye zabaqoqi bama-matchbox zaqala ukuhlelwa emadolobheni amakhulu eSoviet Union. Ukuchuma kwe-philumeny e-Union kwehle emashumini amabili eminyaka - kusuka ngo-1960 kuya ku-1980. Ngisho nefektri edumile yaseBalabanovskaya yakhiqiza amasethi akhethekile amalebula abaqoqi. Le nhlangano yajoyinwa yizimboni zeBaltic ezisebenzela imakethe yasekhaya. Ngenxa yokuthi amafemu amaningi ashiye amabhokisi we-veneer futhi ashintshela emaphaketheni amakhadibhodi, i-phylumenia yaqala ukwehla futhi.
IQINISO! Namuhla i-filumenia ibhekene nenye imvuselelo. Kukhona amakilabhu ama-2 eMoscow naseSt. Inani lamalungu abo likhula kancane. Imiphakathi yaqala ukushicilela izincwadi ezikhethekile - i- "Moscow Philumenist" ne- "Nevsky Philumenist".
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Angabiza malini amabhokisi
Uma ukhuluma ngezindleko zokuqoqwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ilebula nje elinamathiselwe ku-albhamu nebhokisi elinomfanekiso ohlukile yizinto ezihlukile kumuntu oqondayo. Esimweni sokuqala, umbukiso awunanzuzo, futhi inani lawo liba zero. Enye into ibhokisi likamentshisi elinelebula, kodwa lisesimweni esihle - amakhophi anjalo angabiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-ruble. Isibonelo, izinto zaseJalimane ezisukela kowe-1941 zabiza ama-ruble angama-300 ngekhophi ngayinye, kodwa isikhathi esisukela ku-1960 kuya ku-1990 sizobiza umqoqi kuphela ama-ruble angama-30 lilinye. Izindleko zixhomeke ngqo kwindaba, ukusakazwa nokuphepha kwekhophi.
I-Philumenia, ene-cyclicality ethile, iyancipha noma ivuselele futhi. Ukuqoqa izimfanelo zomdlalo kuyindlela yokuzilibazisa eheha amalungu amasha emhlabeni wonke ezigabeni zawo. Ukuqoqa iqoqo ekhaya, umuntu ungene ezweni lomlando, ezwa ukuphefumula kwezikhathi, ujwayelene nendlela abantu abaphila ngayo ezweni elithile.
IPhilumenia nayo iyathandeka ngeqiniso lokuthi akukho mali eyimali edingekayo yokuqoqa izibonelo zenzalo. Kwanele ukuba nama-ruble ayi-100 ephaketheni lakho kanye nesifiso esikhulu sokujoyina isifundo somlando ngokuqoqa. Inkonzo yabaqalayo yi-Intanethi, lapho kunezithangami zama-philumenists, lapho kubanjwa khona izingxoxo, ukushintshana noma ukuthengwa / ukuthengiswa kwamalebula kwenzeka.