UJaén e-Andalusia - inhloko-dolobha yamafutha omnqumo eSpain

IJaén itholakala esifundazweni esivamile saseSpain eduze kwentaba yaseSanta Catalina. I-Andalusia ihlukaniswa nobunjalo bayo obubabazekayo, abantu bakhetha la mazwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, amaRoma, ama-Arabhu namaKrestu abawalwela isikhathi eside. Namuhla iJaén eSpain iyinhlanganisela yamasiko ehlukene, isibalo esikhulu sezikhumbuzo zomlando nezokwakha, futhi, namasimu omnqumo angapheli aqonde phezulu.

Ulwazi oluvamile

Uma uhlela uhambo oluya e-Andalusia, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela leli dolobha elingavakashi eSpain ngezizathu eziningana. Esokuqala izikhumbuzo zomlando, eziningi zazo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaMoor. Okwesibili - UJaén ubizwa ngokuthi inhlokodolobha kawoyela womnqumo, ngoba ama-20% ayo yonke imikhiqizo emhlabeni akhiqizwa lapha. Lapho singena edolobheni, isivakashi sibona imigqa engapheli yezihlahla eziluhlaza.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Kukhona cishe izihlahla eziyi-15 kumuntu ngamunye waseJaén e-Andalusia.

IJaén iyinhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe esinegama elifanayo, eseningizimu yezwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo zokuhlala esifundazweni saseJaén, idolobha elikhulu impela; cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-117 bahlala lapha endaweni engama-424.3 km2. Abantu bakuleli dolobha babiza uJaén ngeparele lase-Andalusia futhi banelungelo lokwenza njalo, ngoba izikhumbuzo zalo eziningi kanye nezakhiwo zalo zaziwa yi-UNESCO njengegugu lomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli dolobha alisilo elezokuphatha kuphela, kodwa futhi liyisikhungo sezomnotho esifundazweni.

Uhambo lomlando

Iqiniso lokuthi uJaén waseSpain unezinto eziningi ezikhangayo likhombisa ukuthi umlando wedolobha ucebile emicimbini eyahlukahlukene. Kakade eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu eyedlule, abantu bahlala lapha, bashiya ukuzikhumbuza imidwebo yamatshe, manje ebizwa njengengxenye yefa lomhlaba.

Ekhulwini lesi-5 BC. Ama-Iberia azinza eJaen, afakwa esikhundleni ngabaseCarthage, kwathi ngekhulu lesi-2 BC. amaRoma aqinisa idolobha. Ngama-Arabhu, uJaen "wachuma" futhi waba inhlokodolobha yombuso wamaSulumane, nokho, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-500 amaKhristu aphinda awulawula.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ngeshwa, azikho izikhumbuzo zangaphambi komlando edolobheni e-Andalusia, kepha okwedlule kwama-Arabhu kugcinwe lapha ngokoqobo kuzo zonke izinyathelo.

Indawo okuyiJaén eSpain ibilokhu ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu ngamasu, yingakho igama layo lesibili kunguMbuso Ongcwele. Ngisho nangemva kokunqotshwa kweJaén ngamaKristu, leli dolobha lalihlaselwa amaSulumane ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngekhulu le-19, amaFrance azinza edolobheni, le nkathi yomlando inzima, ekukhumbuleni izikhathi ezinzima, isiboshwa esiboshwe ngamaketanga sigcinwa esakhiweni sejele seSanta Catalina Palace.

Isikhathi esinzima esilandelayo emlandweni kaJaen kwakuyiMpi Yombango, eyaqala kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1939. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu baboshwe bebaningi edolobheni, amajele ayegcwele ngokweqile.

Izinto

Idolobha laseSpain lihle ngobuhle obukhethekile, obuyimfihlakalo, qiniseka ngalokhu ngokuhamba emigwaqweni yalo, uziphumulele ekhefi, ubabaze ubuhle bemvelo. Siqoqe ukukhethwa kwezindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zeJaen.

ICathhedral

IJaén Cathedral ivotelwa njengesakhiwo esihle kunazo zonke se-Renaissance eSpain. Yakhiwe ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, akumangazi ukuthi izitayela ezahlukahlukene zixubekile ekwakhiweni kwayo.

Ngekhulu le-13, uJaén wanqotshwa kumaMoor kwathi i-mosque yangcweliswa ukuhlonipha i-Ascension yeVirgin, kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-14 leminyaka izinkonzo zobuKristu zazibanjelwa lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho kwasha ithempeli, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakhiwa kwesonto elisha ngesitayela se-Gothic, kepha-ke, abakhi bezakhiwo babala ngokungeyikho futhi isakhiwo sathiwa siyingozi ekuxhashazweni.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elisha kwaqala kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Ngokuya ngohlelo, ingqophamlando bekufanele ibe nama-naves amahlanu, kepha-ke, lesi sakhiwo kuphinde kwavela ukuthi asizinzile ngokwanele, ngakho sakhiwa kabusha futhi isitayela se-Renaissance sakhethelwa umhlobiso. Umsebenzi uqhubeke iminyaka engama-230. Maphakathi nekhulu le-17, ithempeli lalingcweliswa, kepha uhlangothi olungasentshonalanga lwalungakaqedwa. Kuye, umklami u-Eufrasio de Rojas, owayesebenza ngaleso sikhathi ekwakheni, wakhetha isitayela sobukhazikhazi. Imibhoshongo engamawele, etholakala emaphethelweni ethempeli, yaqedwa maphakathi nekhulu le-18.

Isakhiwo sethempeli sakhiwa ngesimo sesiphambano, esisekelweni saso kunenqolobane engunxande, ehlanganiswe amasonto. I-facade yaziwa njengesibonelo seBaroque ejwayelekile yaseSpain; ihlotshiswe ngezithombe, izithombe ezibaziwe, amakholomu. I-facade enkulu inezingosi ezintathu - Intethelelo, Amakholwa kanye nenkonzo eyodwa yabapristi.

Ngaphakathi, ithempeli lihlotshiswe nangezitayela ezahlukahlukene, ama-naves ahlukaniswe ngamakholamu agijimela ophahleni, i-vault ihlotshiswe ngama-semi-arches. I-altare lenziwe ngesitayela se-neoclassicism, futhi isithombe seVirgin Mary sisesitayeleni samaGothic. Maphakathi nesonto lombhishobhi kukhona ikhwaya enamabhentshi enziwe ngokhuni ahlotshiswe ngezinto ezibaziweyo; ngaphansi kwamalabhu ekhwaya kunethuna.

Isonto lombhishobhi liphinde libe nomnyuziyamu oqukethe izinto zobuciko, ezinye zazo ezihlukile.

Okubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sezinsizakalo, ukungena ethempelini kukhululekile, sonke isikhathi lapho udinga ithikithi, ongalisebenzisa ukubuka lonke ithempeli futhi uvakashele umnyuziyamu.

Amabhati ama-Arab

Ukukhanga kwakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11, kuyindawo yokugezela enkulu kunazo zonke esikhathini saseMauritania e-Andalusia. Amabhavu atholakala ngaphansi kweVillardompardo Palace kanye neMuseum of Folk Crafts futhi amele isikhungo samasiko nezokuvakasha sedolobha.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ngokwenye yezinganekwane, inkosi yaseNational, u-Ali, yabulawa ezindaweni zokugeza zama-Arab.

Enkolweni yamaSulumane, ukugeza umzimba kwakulinganiswa nohlobo lwesenzo sokuhlanzwa komphefumulo nemicabango. Njengoba kungezona zonke izakhamizi ezazikwazi ukufaka indlu yokugeza endlini, kwakhiwa izakhiwo zokugeza eJaen, lapho amadoda nabesifazane baya khona. Amabhavu kaJaen ahlala endaweni engama-470 m2, abavubukuli bafakazele iqiniso lokuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12th, amabhati ama-Arab abuyiselwa, bese eguqulwa aba yizindawo zokusebenzela.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindawo zokugeza zama-Arabhu zitholakale kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngoba isigodlo sakhiwe ngaphezu kwazo, zigcinwe kahle. Ukubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo kwenziwa kwaze kwaba ngo-1984.

Namuhla izivakashi zingavakashela ukukhanga bese zibona:

• indawo yokwamukela izivakashi;
• igumbi elibandayo;
• igumbi elifudumele;
• igumbi elishisayo.

Imininingwane ewusizo:

• ikheli lokuheha: Plaza Santa Luisa de Marillac, 9 Jaén;
• uhlelo lomsebenzi: nsuku zonke kusuka ku-11-00 kuye ku-19-00;
• Intengo yamathikithi - ama-2.5 euros (ezakhamizi ze-European Union, ukungena mahhala).

Encwadini: Yini ongayibona eMadrid ezinsukwini ezimbili?

Inqaba yaseSanta Catalina

Abantu bendawo yaseCastle Santa Catalina babiza isigodlo esisentabeni ngoba sakhiwe egqumeni futhi sibukeka njengesizinda sesaga esingokomlando. Le nqaba eyamaMoor, kepha igama lobuKristu lanikwa yona phakathi nekhulu le-13, lapho leli dolobha laba ngaphansi kolawulo lukaFerdinand III waseCastile.

Kusukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-820, izintaba zaseSierra Nevada, izivande ezinhle zeminqumo kanye nemizana zibonakala kahle. Abantu bazinza egqumeni i-BC, njengoba kufakazelwa ukutholwa okwenzeka emuva ngeNkathi yeBronze. Izinqaba zokuqala zakhiwa lapha ngaphansi kwamaCarthaginians, bese kuthi ngaphansi kweNkosi u-Alhamar, inqaba yandiswa, yaqiniswa, kwavela isonto lamaGothic. Lapho amasosha kaNapoleon ezinze edolobheni, isigodlo saphinde sahlonyiselwa izidingo zempi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, kungekho noyedwa owakhumbula lesi sigodlo, kwathi ngo-1931 kuphela indawo eyisimangaliso kaJaén eSpain yamenyezelwa njengesikhumbuzo somlando.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Namuhla enqabeni awukwazi ukuhamba nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlale ehhotela.

Imininingwane ewusizo:

• uhlelo lokuheha: isikhathi sasebusika-entwasahlobo - kusuka ku-10-00 kuya ku-18-00 (ngoMsombuluko-ngoMgqibelo), kusuka ku-10-00 kuya ku-15-00 (ngeSonto), isikhathi sehlobo - kusuka ku-10-00 kuya ku-14-00, kusuka ku-17- 00 kuya ku-21-00 (ngoMsombuluko-ngoMgqibelo), kusuka ku-10-00 kuya ku-15-00 (ngeSonto);
• Intengo yamathikithi - ama-euro angu-3.50;
• njalo ngoLwesithathu ukungena endaweni ekhangayo kumahhala;
• ukuvakasha kubanjwa kusuka ku-12-00 kuye ku-16-30 (ngoMsombuluko-ngoMgqibelo), ngo-12-00 (ngeSonto), izindleko zifakiwe kutikiti.

Indawo yokubheka iLa Cruz

Indawo yokubuka itholakala eduze nenqaba yaseSanta Catalina, kukhona nesiphambano sesikhumbuzo sokuhlonipha ukubanjwa kukaJaén ngamaKrestu, umcimbi obalulekile wenzeka ngekhulu le-13. Ngaphambili, kule ndawo kwafakwa isiphambano sokhuni, kepha ngemuva kwemvume yayo, lapha kwafakwa isiphambano esimhlophe esimhlophe.

Ungafika phezulu ngemoto, uthathe itekisi, ngoba ukuvakasha kuyisikhathi sewashi futhi kumahhala, ungafika lapha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele ideskithophu yokubuka kusihlwa uma kumnyama futhi izibani zikhanya edolobheni.

Funda futhi: Ukuvakasha e-Andalusia kusuka eMalaga - yimuphi umhlahlandlela ongawukhetha?

IJaen Museum

Ingumnyuziyamu omkhulu wedolobha futhi unombukiso waphakade wokutholwa nobuciko bemivubukulo. Umbukiso ukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kobuciko namasiko eJaen.

Phambilini umnyuziyamu wawubizwa ngesifundazwe, utholakala eduze kweCathhedral, okuyi-avenue la Estación. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kweminyuziyamu emibili - i-Archaeological and Fine Arts, kuvulwe uphawu lomlando olusha esakhiweni esikhulu.

Ukuchazwa kwemivubukulo kuveza ukuthi kukhombisa inkathi ezikhathini eziningi. Phakathi kokunye, kukhona imihlobiso yokungcwaba, izinto zobumba, izithombe ezibaziwe zaseRoma zasendulo, imidwebo yamaRoma, amasiko nezinto zenkolo. Ungabona futhi izithombe eziningi, amakholomu we-antique, i-sarcophagus namathuna amatshe.

Imibukiso yeqoqo lobuciko yethulwa esitezi sesibili, kukhona imidwebo emidala (kusukela esikhathini sekhulu le-13-18), kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko yanamuhla (amakhulukhulu we-19-20 eminyaka).

Imininingwane ewusizo:

• uhlelo lokuheha: kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 15, kusuka ngoSepthemba 16 kuya ekupheleni kukaDisemba - kusuka ngo-09-00 kuya ku-20-00 (NgoLwesibili-ngoMgqibelo), kusukela ngo-09-00 kuya ku-15-00 (ngeSonto), kusuka ngoJuni 16 kuya kuSepthemba 15 - kusuka ku-09-00 kuya ku-15-00;
• Intengo yamathikithi - 1.5 euros, yezakhamizi ze-European Union, ukungena mahhala.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

UJaén - ipharadesi lomnqumo i-Andalusia

Kukhona isikhumbuzo samafutha omnqumo edolobheni, futhi lokhu akumangazi neze, ngoba uJaén waziwa njengomholi womhlaba ekukhiqizeni uwoyela neminqumo. Ngendlela, iminqumo ithengiswa cishe yonke indawo edolobheni, futhi kunezihlahla eziningi zeminqumo ezungeze iJaén - i-cityscape kunzima ukuyicabanga ngaphandle kwezihlahla, eseziyingxenye ebalulekile yomuzi waseSpain. Idolobha libuye libe ne-Olive Tree Museum. Kungakho elinye igama likaJaen yipharadesi lomnqumo lase-Andalusia.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Isifundazwe saseJaén sinezihlahla zomnqumo eziyizigidi ezingama-66 no-20% womkhiqizo kawoyela emhlabeni.

Endaweni yaseLa Laguna, izindawo zokuvakasha ezithakazelisayo zibanjelwa izivakashi, lapho ungavakashela khona isitolo esinegama elisankondlo nelinesizotha leCathedral of Oil, izivakashi zitshelwa ubuchwepheshe bezihlahla ezikhulayo nezigaba zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo onephunga elimnandi. Izivakashi zinikezwa ukunambitha izinhlobo ezintathu zamafutha omnqumo.

Esinye isigodi somnqumo esidumile, esikhanga izivakashi eziningi, siseMfuleni iGuadalquivir, sizungezwe izintaba zombili yiSierra de Cazorla, kanye neSierra Mágina.

Isifundazwe saseJaén yiso esihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni uwoyela. Ngokwezibalo, okuningi kukhiqizwa lapha kunakuyo yonke i-Italy. Ngendlela, abantu bendawo bayaziqhenya ngomkhiqizo wabo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uletha ibhodlela lokuphatha okunephunga ohambweni lwakho.

Ngiyathokoza ukwazi! Izinhlobo zeminqumo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-pickul, i-arbequin, eyasebukhosini. Kuvela ezinhlotsheni zaseRoyal lapho kulungiswa khona u-oyela onoshukela onamanothi amnandi ezithelo. I-Royal iyinhlobonhlobo yendawo kuphela, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuyithola kwamanye amazwe.

Kunabakhiqizi abaningi abahlukahlukene eJaén e-Andalusia, iningi labo elinomlando omude, ocebile. Naka uwoyela weCastillo de Canena. Izithelo eJaén ziqala ukuvunwa ngo-Okthoba, le nqubo ihlala kuze kube nguFebhuwari. Iminqumo eluhlaza ivunwa kuqala, neminqumo emnyama ekupheleni kwesizini. Kungenzeka ukuqoqa kuze kufike kuma-35 kg wezithelo esihlahleni esisodwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abakhiqizi bakawoyela abazihloniphayo abenzi umkhiqizo ngeminqumo ewele phansi, basala benjalo, ngaleyo ndlela bagcine ikhwalithi nobumsulwa bukawoyela. Akudluli amahora angaphezu kwayi-6 ukusuka ngesikhathi sokuvuna kuya ekuqaleni kokuqhutshwa.

Uma iholide lakho eSpain lihlelelwe u-Okthoba, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela umbukiso waseLuca, lapho kukhona uwoyela omningi, iwayini, izinto zobumba. Imikhiqizo yama-Olive - ipasta, amakhandlela - adingeka kakhulu.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Ukuxhumeka kwezokuthutha

IJaén iyindawo enkulu yezokuthutha phakathi kweMadrid neMalaga; ungafika lapha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba: isitimela, ibhasi, imoto.

Ngiyathokoza ukwazi! Indlela elula yokuhamba eSpain yimoto eqashiwe. Kunezindawo eziningi zokuqasha kuwo wonke amadolobha aseSpain, izidingo zamakhasimende zincane.

Ukusuka eMalaga kuye eJaén, ungathatha u-A-92 no-A-44 onguthelawayeka, futhi umzila udlula eGranada, idolobha elinamagugu ama-Arab. Kuzofanele uchithe cishe amahora amabili usendleleni.

Azikho izitimela ezihamba ngqo ezivela eMalaga, udinga ushintsho eCordoba. Uhambo luthatha amahora angama-3-4. Bheka uhlelo lwezikhathi ngqo kuwebhusayithi yenkampani yenethiwekhi iRaileurope.

Ngebhasi ungafika usuka eMalaga uye eJaén, uhambo luthatha amahora ama-3, kunezindiza ezihleliwe ezi-4 (inkampani yenethiwekhi i-Alsa - www.alsa.com). Kungcono ukuthenga amathikithi kusengaphambili noma ehhovisi lamathikithi esiteshini samabhasi.

Ukusuka eMadrid uye eJaén ungathatha umgwaqo omkhulu u-A-4, futhi ibanga lingahlanganiswa ngamahora ama-3.5 ngemoto. Kukhona futhi ukuxhumana okuqondile kwesitimela. Izivakashi zichitha cishe amahora ama-4 esitimeleni. Ungafika futhi lapho ngesitimela ngoshintsho edolobheni laseCordoba. Kukhona nensizakalo eqondile yamabhasi, kunezindiza ezi-4 ngosuku, uhambo luthatha cishe amahora ama-5. Kunconywa ukubhuka amathikithi ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuthenga ehhovisi lamathikithi esiteshini sesitimela.

IJaén iyingxenye yesifundazwe sase-Andalusia, lapho kuqala khona uMfula iGuadalquivir. Ukukhululeka kwale ngxenye yeSpain kuyinto enhle - amathafa aluhlaza, izintaba, amapaki emvelo. UJaén angathandwa ngemvelo, ithuba lokuthatha ikhefu ekuphithizeleni kwedolobha futhi avakashele izindawo eziningi zasendulo.

Yini ongayivakashela esifundazweni saseJaén - bukela ividiyo.