Yini ipeni elibusayo

Kulezi zinsuku amakhompiyutha nama-laptops athathe indawo yezinsimbi eziningi zokudweba. Kepha muva nje, abaklami, ochwepheshe nabakopishi basebenzise amapensela, amakhosi, amakhampasi, amapeni abusayo, kanye nama-protractor emsebenzini wabo.

Manje lezi zinto sezikhohliwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-Smart busebenza esikhundleni salokho. Futhi ukudweba kukhishiwe kukharikhulamu yesikole. Usebenzisa abahleli bekhompiyutha nemifanekiso efana ne-AutoCAD, i-pikad, ikhampasi, i-teflex, ungenza imidwebo yanoma yikuphi ukubanzima ngisho nasekhaya. Ake sibhekisise ithuluzi elifana nepeni elibusayo.

Yini ipeni elibusayo

Izichazamazwi zinikeza incazelo eqondile ye-refeder. Kuyithuluzi lokudweba lokudweba imigqa ngoyinki noma ngopende oketshezi. Ngenxa yale divayisi, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-15 cm ubude, efana ipeni, onjiniyela wadala imidwebo ngesisekelo zazo namarokhethi yethulwa emkhathini, imikhumbi, imikhumbi ngwenya, izindiza, izimoto kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Incazelo nedivayisi yethuluzi

Idivayisi ilula. Iqukethe amapuleti ama-2 alayishwe entwasahlobo aboshwe ngesikulufu. Lokhu kusebenza njengohlobo logibe lwe-mascara, olunikezwa kusuka ekanini elikhethekile lokufafaza. Ubukhulu bemigqa buguqulwa nge-nut knurled. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izibaya ezibusa ingilazi. Banamashubhu anobubanzi obuhlukile, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bemigqa bulawulwa.

Izinhlobo zepeni elibusayo

1. Ipensela yokudweba yensimbi enomuthi wokulungisa.
2. Ipeni elibusa ngengilazi.
3. I-Rapidograph.

Kukhona i-GOST (28950-90) elawula iqembu lokuqala lezinsimbi:

• Okuvamile.
• Ummese.
• Ibanzi ngenati ehlukanisayo.
• Weneliseka ngenathi elihlukanisayo.
• Ipeni lokubusa eligobile.
• Kabili.
• Mncane.

I-inki liner iyipeni lomsebenzi wokubhala. Siqukethe ithubhu equkethe ikani likayinki. Kukhona nenaliti ngaphakathi kweshubhu lapho upende noma uyinki ufakwa khona ephepheni.

Manje amathuluzi esandla cishe awasetshenziswanga lapho kwenziwa. Amakhompyutha enza lula imisebenzi yokudweba izikhathi eziningi, anciphisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuqedela imidwebo. Cishe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s yekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, ama-ink liners kanye nababhali bezithombe zamapeni abusayo baba yimibukiso yomnyuziyamu nezinto zokuqoqa.

Yize phambilini leli thuluzi laliwuphawu lomsebenzi. Ithuluzi lokudweba lekhwalithi linqume imiphumela ephelele yokudweba. Umsebenzi owenziwe yi-ink liner wawusebenza ngobuchwepheshe, uqondile futhi unembile.

Manje ithuluzi lokudweba lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukufundisa ihluzo lobuciko ne-calligraphy.

I-calligraphy ihilela ukwakhiwa kombhalo wesandla omuhle. Manje lo mkhuba usetshenziselwa ukubhala amakhadi ezimemo nemikhonzo yomshado, kanye naku-graffiti. Kwesinye isikhathi i-calligraphy isetshenziswa kuthelevishini ukuklama okokuhlobisa okuhlukahlukene.

Isakhiwo sevidiyo

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokusetshenziswa

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ipeni lokudweba lilolwe kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umdwebo uzoba wekhwalithi empofu, imigqa ifiphele, kuzovela amabala. Ngikweluleka futhi ukuthi uthenge ikani elikhethekile le-mascara.

I-oda lomsebenzi limi kanje:

1. Susa ikepisi bese ugcwalisa ikani ngoyinki noma upende cishe ⅔ ivolumu yalo.
2. Vala ipulagi.
3. Avule ikepisi.
4. Sebenzisa i-nut yokulungisa ukudala imvume edingekayo phakathi kwamapuleti ukusetha ubukhulu bomugqa obudingekayo.
5. Gcwalisa igebe phakathi kwamapuleti e-refeder ngoyinki ovela kushubhu ethinini.
6. Namathisela irula ephepheni lokudweba noma iphepha lokulandelela ekuqaleni komugqa.
7. Dweba umugqa wobude obudingekayo ngepeni lokudweba ngaphandle kokulidwengula ephepheni.
8. Phinda inqubo kuze kube sekupheleni kukayinki phakathi kwamapuleti (lokhu kumayelana no-3-4 imigqa, kuya ngobude).
9. Uma imigqa yinde kakhulu, kuzoba nolayini ongu-1.
10. Phinda inqubo yokugcwalisa uyinki.
11. Uma kunesidingo, lungisa ukushuba kwemigqa ne-nut yokulungisa.

Ungadweba kanjani ngepeni lokudweba

Kulula ukufunda. Udinga nje ukubekezela okuncane, ukuzijwayeza, kanye nezinhlaka ezimbalwa ezonakele.

Okokuqala, funda ukuthi ungayibamba kanjani insimbi ngendlela efanele: iqonde, akukho ma-engeli wokuthambekela. Ukugwema ukucisha, ungenzi igebe elikhulu phakathi kwamapuleti. Musa ukuthatha i-mascara eningi, qiniseka ukuthi ayomi. Uma uyinki womile, sula ukuphela kwe-inkjet ngendwangu ethambile, engenalutho.

Kungcono ukusebenzisa irula evimbela ukuthi i-mascara ingangeni ngaphansi. Uma kungenjalo, namathisela isiqeshana esincanyana esivela komunye umbusi siye kumbusi wokhuni.

Dweba imigqa eqondile evundlile kuqala. Bese ulinda ukuthi uyinki ome bese ushintsha indlela: dweba imigqa emi mpo noma etshekile.

Kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukudweba imigqa eminyene. Bese benza lokhu: okokuqala, imigqa emi-2 emincane idwetshiwe, futhi isikhala phakathi kwabo sigcwaliswa ngoyinki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuzokwenza umdwebo ubukeke ucocekile, futhi mancane amathuba okusabalala kwe-mascara.

Ungawakha kanjani amashiya

Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ipeni lokudweba akuyona nje insimbi yokudweba, kodwa futhi iyisimonyo. Abesifazane abasungula iSoviet bayisebenzisela ukukha amashiya abo. Leli thuluzi likwazi ukuthwebula noma yiziphi, ngisho nezinwele ezincane kakhulu.

Ubukhulu obuncane benza ukuthi kube lula ukuyiphatha ephaketheni noma esikhwameni esincane sezimonyo. Inzuzo ngaphezu kokudla ngothi ukuthi ukuthwalwa kungalimaza isikhumba uma ubamba izinwele ezimbalwa. Ngokusebenzisa leli thuluzi, imiphumela emihle ingatholakala.

Ngaphandle kobuhlungu benqubo, abesifazane bayisebenzise ngempumelelo ukwenza ulayini weshiya. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo, amashiya ayegcotshwa ngokhilimu onamafutha, ahlanganiswe nebhulashi, bese kuthi umugqa uvezwe ngepensela elimnyama, kwahluthulwa izinwele ezedlulele.

Amathiphu wokunakekelwa nolwazi oluwusizo

• Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, qiniseka ukuthi awukho upende owomile noma uyinki emapuletini.
• Ungagqamisi umuthi wokulungisa ukuze ugweme ukucheba imicu.
• Ekupheleni komsebenzi, sula ipeni lokudweba ngendwangu, ususe wonke uyinki.
• Uma ithuluzi libuthuntu, lola imikhawulo yamapuleti nge-sandpaper noma ngefayela.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Izibaya zokuqala zokubusa zavela ngekhulu le-18. Zazisetshenziselwa ukwakha imidwebo namamephu ezindawo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli gama linezimpande zaseJalimane (Reißfede). Ngaphandle kwalokhohumusha: reißen - dweba, fede - uphaphe.

Udinga ukusebenza nethuluzi ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho uyinki ungasabalala, wakhe ibhande, elizokwenza umdwebo ungasebenziseki. Abasiki bengqephu baqhamuke nezinye izindlela zokusebenza nge-mascara. Eminyakeni yama-20s yekhulu elidlule, kwavela amanye, amadivayisi - ama-ink liners.

Sibheke ukuthi izizukulwane ezedlule zonjiniyela zaziwenza kanjani amapulani anzima. Manje lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwekhompiyutha: uma ngaphambili i-node ngayinye bekufanele yenziwe ngokwahlukana, manje uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lungakopisha into eyenziwe ngaphambilini.

Esikhathini esedlule, iphutha elincane lenze umdwebo ungasebenziseki. Ikhompyutha ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukulungisa. Kepha kufanele sikhothame futhi sihloniphe lo msizi omdala, othembekile kubo bonke abadwebi. Ngenxa yepeni elibusayo ezandleni zabahlakaniphile, abanesineke, onjiniyela nabaqambi abanembile, inani elikhulu lemishini nezinqubo zasungulwa futhi zakhiwa, futhi kwakhiwa izakhiwo.

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