Ungasusa kanjani amanzi ekungcoleni nasezintweni ezincibilike kuwo

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Isimo sethu sokunganaki ekwakhiweni kwamanzi okuphuza siphoqa izitho zangaphakathi ukuthi zibe ukuphela kwesithiyo esivikela izifo ezimbi. Kodwa umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke izinto eziyingozi ezitholakala emanzini. Njenganoma iyiphi "imishini" engaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, lesi sihlungi semvelo sizohluleka kungekudala.

Kungezwe ezimbangela zemvelo zokungcola kwamanzi yimiphumela yemisebenzi esebenzayo yezolimo neyezimboni. Futhi uketshezi olusetshenzisiwe olunikezwa izinsizakalo zedolobha alunasici maqondana nokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obudala, ukwephula ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukuphuza amanzi ompompi kuyingozi. Kuhlala kunakekelwa ikhwalithi yayo ngokuzimela - okungukuthi, ukuyihlanza ekhaya ngezihlungi ezikhethekile noma ngaphandle kwazo.

Ukulungiselela nokuqapha

Inqubo yokuhlanza eyenziwe ngokungafanele ingalulaza izinga lamanzi. Ungazivikela izimo ezinjalo ngokugcina imithetho eminingana.

OKUBALULEKILE! Lapho ukhetha indlela yokuhlanzwa noma inhlanganisela yayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphenye ukwakheka kwamanzi. Indlela yokuhlanza inqunywa uhlobo lokungcola nokugxila kwalo.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele imiphumela emibi yezindlela ezikhethiwe futhi ungazinaki izinyathelo ezinciphisa umphumela wazo. Inqubo yokuhlanza kumele yenziwe ngokulandela imiyalelo.

Uma kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ukujwayelekile kwekhwalithi, ngaphambi kokuyifaka, udinga ukuzijwayeza nezici zokusebenza - izidingo zesondlo, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ezingashintshwa, imininingwane yemodi yokusebenza.

Izinhlobo zokungcola kwamanzi

Amanzi angaqukatha izinhlobo ezingama-4,000 zokungcola okuyingozi ekhwalithi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokungcola kwamanzi kukhona okulandelayo.

Ukungcola okukhulu

Kuwukumiswa kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu, ezingancibiliki zokugqwala, isihlabathi, udaka, ubumba. Emanzini ompompi, ukugqwala kutholakala kakhulu ngenxa yamapayipi amanzi amadala. La manzi awakulungele ukudla kanye namapayipi wokudla kanye nama-mixers, okuholela ekulimaleni kwemishini yamapayipi.

QAPHELA! Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lokungcola kunganqunywa ngokubonakalayo - amanzi anamafu, into emisiwe ihlukaniswa ngendle engcolile noma iqoqana ngaphezulu.

I-chlorine nezinhlanganisela zayo

I-chlorine yengezwa emanzini okupompo njengesibulala-magciwane. Le nto uyakwazi ukuqinisa ukusabela iguliswa, kungabangela ukucasuka ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nesikhumba, kuthinta kabi umzimba, amasosha omzimba kanye microflora emathunjini. Kungadala ukuvuvukala kwezinso nomdlavuza.

QAPHELA! Amanzi anokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-chlorine angahlukaniswa ngephunga lawo elithile.

I-calcium nosawoti we-magnesium

Okuqukethwe usawoti omningi kwenza amanzi "aqinile". Ukuphuza lolu ketshezi kwandisa ingozi yamatshe ezinso, futhi inani elikhulu le-magnesium lingathinta kabi uhlelo lwezinzwa. Amanzi aqinile awalungile ezinwele nasesikhunjeni.

QAPHELA! Usawoti ubeka njengokumboza okumhlophe ezitsheni nasemapayipini, okudala ukugqwala kwamapayipi kanye nezinto zasendlini.

Insimbi

Kulitha elilodwa lamanzi, izinga lokuqukethwe kwensimbi lingu-0.1-0.3 mg. Ukudlula le nkomba kwenza amanzi abe nobuthi. Izinhlelo ze-nervous, immune, reproductive and digestive ziyahlupheka. Isibindi, izinso namanyikwe kuyathinteka. Izinqubo ze-hematopoiesis kanye ne-metabolism ziyawohloka, futhi ukusabela okweqile kungahle kwenzeke. Inqubo yokususa ubuthi iphazamisekile.

QAPHELA! Amanzi ayindlala anambitheka kabi, umthunzi uphuzi, iphunga liyinsimbi. Kepha ukuhlangana kwensimbi okuyingozi empilweni kungahle kungabonakali ezingqondweni.

AmaManganese

Okuqukethwe manganese emanzini okuphuza kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.1. I-Manganese ingadala ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, izifo ze-hematopoietic kanye nohlelo lwamathambo. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwento kunciphisa amakhono engqondo, futhi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kungadala ukungajwayelekile ekukhuleni kwengqondo kwengane.

QAPHELA! Amanzi ahlala ecacile, kepha ama-manganese amaningi ngokweqile angabonakala ngokuvela kwamabala amnyama kuma-plumbing nezitsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinsimbi ezisindayo

Ukuhola, i-chromium, i-zinc, i-cadmium, i-nickel, i-mercury yizinsimbi ezinobuthi. Bangabangela izifo zomnkantsha, i-atherosclerosis, umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Umthofu cishe utholakala emanzini ompompi. Ama-Gaskets enziwe ngale nsimbi asetshenziswa emapayipini amadala ngenxa yokuqina kwawo.

AmaNitrate

Leli gama liqondwa njengezinto eziningi - ama-nitrate, ama-pesticides, ama-herbicides, ama-nitrites, aholela ekushodeni komoya-mpilo ezicubu zomzimba. Angena emanzini ngenxa yemisebenzi yezolimo.

Ama-microorganisms

Amanzi angaqukatha womabili amagciwane namagciwane. Zibangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, izifo zesisu, i-hepatitis, i-poliomyelitis nezinye izifo.

Ithebula: Izindlela zokulwa nokungcoliswa kwamanzi

Okungcolisayo	Indlela yabantu yokuhlanza	Izihlungi zokususa ukungcola
Ukungcola okukhulu	Ukuqinisa Ukuhlunga	Ukuhlanzwa kwemishini
Iklorini	Ukuqinisa Ukubilisa Ukuhlanzwa ngekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza Ukuhlanzwa nge-shungite Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Silicon	Ubuhle I-Electrochemical aeration I-air aeration
I-calcium nosawoti we-magnesium	Ukubilisa Kuyabanda Ukuqinisa	Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis Ion ukushintshanisa
Insimbi	Kuyabanda Ukuhlanzwa nge-shungite Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Silicon Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Quartz	I-Electrochemical aeration I-air aeration Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis Ion ukushintshanisa Izicoci ze-ozone Okwezinto eziphilayo
AmaManganese	Kuyabanda Ukuhlanzwa nge-shungite Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Quartz	I-Electrochemical aeration I-air aeration Ion ukushintshanisa
Izinsimbi ezisindayo	Kuyabanda Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Silicon Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Quartz	Ion exchange + Sorption I-Electrochemical aeration I-air aeration
AmaNitrate	Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Silicon Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Quartz	Ubuhle Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis Ion ukushintshanisa
Ama-microorganisms	Ukubilisa Kuyabanda Ukuhlanzwa ngesiliva noma ngethusi Ukuhlanzwa nge-shungite Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Silicon Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Quartz	Izicoci ze-ozone Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis I-Ultraviolet

Imininingwane yevidiyo

Izindlela zendabuko zokuhlanza ngaphandle kwezihlungi

Abantu basibona isidingo sokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane emanzini kudala. Kuze kube manje, ulwazi lomuntu seluthole izindlela eziningi ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza ekhaya.

Ukubilisa

Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme libulala ama-microorganisms, kuthi usawoti we-calcium ne-magnesium asuswe entweni eqinile engakhishwa. Inqubo yokubilisa ikhipha izinto eziguquguqukayo njenge-chlorine.

Letha amanzi emathunjini.
Bilisa imizuzu engu-15 - 25 isivalo sivulekile.
Bese ima.
Khama ngaphandle kokuthinta ungqimba olungezansi ngendle.

Kuyabanda

Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngokuhambisa ukungcola okuvela emanzini okugcizelela ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokutholwa kokungcola okuthile emanzini angafriziwe, azofakwa esakhiweni se-crystal lattice yeqhwa ngendlela yamaphilisi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yisikhathi lapho amanzi ahlanzekile angahlukaniswa khona.

Beka imbiza yamanzi efrijini.
Shiya amahora ambalwa.
Lapho uhhafu wevolumu ubanda, khipha izinsalela zamanzi.
Ncibilikisa iqhwa elisele - la manzi angasetshenziswa.

Ukuqinisa

Indlela ikuvumela ukuthi ususe i-chlorine nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo (ngokwesibonelo, i-ammonia) ngokuhwamuka, futhi uhlunge kancane usawoti ozowela phansi ngesimo semvula eqinile.

Thela amanzi esitsheni se-ceramic noma ngengilazi.
Shiya amahora angu-8.
Emahoreni amabili okuqala, gxuma ngesipuni: ngalesi sikhathi, i-chlorine izohwamuka, inyakazise izosheshisa inqubo.
Bese ungawathinti amanzi amahora ayisithupha. Lesi sikhathi siyadingeka ukulungisa okunye ukungcola, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuxuba.
Ukuzama ukunganyakazisi amanzi, wachithele kwesinye isitsha, ushiye cishe ikota ketshezi ezansi.
Friza noma ubilise.

Ikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza

Amalahle athambekele ekutholeni izinhlanganisela eziphilayo kanye namagesi ancibilikiswe emanzini, ikakhulukazi i-chlorine. Kukhona amalahle akhethekile wokuhlanza, kepha ungasebenzisa amaphilisi wamalahle asebenza ekhemisi.

Songa amaphilisi amane amalahle ngelitha ngalinye ku-cheesecloth.
Beka phansi kwesitsha bese umboza ngamanzi.
Shiya amahora angu-6-8.
Hlunga amanzi bese ubilisa.

Isiliva nethusi

Ithusi nesiliva kubhubhisa i-microflora eyingozi emanzini. Isiliva aliwavumeli amabhaktheriya ukuthi akhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (amanzi aphathwe ngale nsimbi angagcinwa izinyanga ezimbalwa), kepha angafakwa ekudleni.

Ukuhlanza ngesiliva, ungafaka isipuni sesiliva esitsheni ubusuku bonke.
Ukuze uhlanze ngethusi, kwanele ukubamba amanzi amahora ama-4 esitsheni sethusi (kepha akusekho, ukuze ugweme ubuthi bensimbi).

Shungite

I-Shungite ayigcini nje ngokuhlanza kusuka kuma-chlorine, ama-nitrate, ama-microorganisms, ama-manganese nensimbi, kepha futhi igcwalisa ngama-microelements awusizo. Itshe elilodwa lingasetshenziswa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, udinga kuphela ukulihlanza ku-plaque.

Imiyalo: thatha amagremu ayi-100 e-shungite nge-1 litre lamanzi, ubeke izinsuku ezintathu, bese ukhipha ungqimba olungaphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta ezansi.

I-Silicon

I-silicon igxilisa amagciwane, isusa i-iron, i-mercury ne-phosphorus compounds ku-sediment futhi inciphise i-chlorine.

Kusetshenziswa i-silicon emnyama, impilo yenkonzo yayo engenamkhawulo (kufanele ihlanzwe nge-plaque ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye).

Hlanza i-silicon bese uyibeka phansi kwesitsha sengilazi ngamanzi (ama-3 amalitha - amagremu ama-50).
Shiya izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezi-7 endaweni emnyama.
Ngomusa, ngaphandle kokuthuthumela, khipha amanzi, ushiye amasentimitha ama-5 wesendlalelo esingezansi.

Ezinye izindlela

Ukuzijwayeza abantu kuyazi izindlela ezimbalwa:

Quartz. Kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokuhlanzwa nge-shungite ne-silicon: amanzi anamatshe e-quartz (200 g ngamalitha ama-3) kufanele afakwe izinsuku ezintathu. Ingaxubaniswa ne-silicon. Le minerali iyakwazi ukuhlanza kusuka kuzinsimbi ezisindayo, i-chlorine, i-iron, i-manganese, i-aluminium, i-nitrate kanye namagciwane.
Ukupheka usawoti. Isipuni sikasawoti, esihlanjululwe ngamalitha amabili amanzi bese sifakwa isigamu sehora, sisusa amabhaktheriya nezinhlanganisela zensimbi esindayo. Kepha le ndlela ayinakusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Abahlanza imifino. Amajikijolo avuthiwe e-rowan, amahlumela omjunipha, amaqabunga e-bird cherry, amagxolo omnyezane namakhoba anyanisi anomphumela wamagciwane. Ukwenza lokhu, noma iziphi izithako ezibalwe, ezigezwe ngaphambili, zifakwa emanzini amahora ayi-12 (ngaphandle komlotha wentaba - zanele ezintathu).
Iwayini. Ungahlanza amanzi kusuka ku-microflora eyingozi ngokuxuba izingxenye ezimbili zawo nengxenye eyodwa yewayini bese uwagcina imizuzu eyi-15.
Imithi. Ngenhloso efanayo, i-iodine (amathonsi ama-3 nge-1 litre), uviniga (1 ithisipuni) ne-potassium permanganate (isisombululo esikhanyayo). Ngemuva kokufaka iodine neviniga, amanzi angadliwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-2.

Okubi kwezindlela zabantu

Indlela yokuhlanza	Akusebenzi	Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Ukubilisa	Akuwona wonke amagciwane angabulawa ngamathumba amafushane. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga amanzi abilayo imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 ukuze zibulale, futhi ubude bamathumba buyandisa imiphumela emibi. Izinhlanganisela zensimbi esindayo zihlala emanzini.	I-chlorine iguqulwa ibe yi-chloroform (inhlanganisela enobuthi ngisho nangaphezulu). Ukuhlungwa kosawoti kuyanda ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwengxenyana ketshezi. Ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo emanzini kuyehla.
Kuyabanda	-	Usawoti owusizo nawo ukhishwa emanzini.
Ukuqinisa	Izinhlanganisela zensimbi esindayo zihlala. I-chlorine ayisuswa ngokuphelele.	-
Ukuhlanzwa ngekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza	Ayinayo impahla yokubulala amagciwane. Akususi izinhlanganisela zensimbi nezinsimbi ezisindayo.	-
Ukuhlanzwa ngesiliva nethusi	Akuqedi ukungcola okungaphili.	Isiliva nethusi yizinsimbi ezinobuthi, indlela idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Isakhiwo sevidiyo

Imishini ekhethekile yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi

Inqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ibambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kwezindlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Okwamanje, imishini esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ibandakanya:

Izihlungi zezinhlobo ezahlukene;
Imiphumela yamakhemikhali emanzini;
Izinqubo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali;
Izinqubo zomzimba;
Izindlela zebhayoloji.

Indlela yokuhlanza inqunywa uhlobo lokungcola okufanele kususwe.

Izinhlelo zokuhlunga

Ukuhlanzwa kwemishini. Zisetshenziselwa ukususa izinhlayiya ezinkulu emanzini ezifana nokugqwala, isihlabathi, udaka nokunye. Idivayisi yokuhlunga iyisithiyo esivunyelwe uketshezi esigcina izinhlayiya zokungcola ezingasombululeki. Lolu uhlelo lwezingqinamba eziningana - kusuka ezikrinini ezihlwabusayo ezihlwabusayo zemfucumfucu emikhulu kuya kuma-cartridge wefa lokuhlunga wezinhlayiyana ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-microns ama-5. Amanzi ahlanzwa ngezigaba eziningana, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise umthwalo kuma-cartridges.
Izihlungi ze-Sorption. Ingasetshenziswa kanye nezihlungi zemishini. Zisusa ukungcola ngenxa yezinciphisi, ezisebenza nge-chlorine nangama-organic compounds. Iqhaza lezinto ezimunca umzimba lidlalwa ngamalahle kakhukhunathi (avela kugobolondo), ukusebenza kwawo kuphakeme ngokuphindwe kane kunalawo amalahle.
Ama-Ozone purifiers (ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali). Idizayinelwe ukuhlanza amanzi ekungcoleni kwezinsimbi kanye nama-microorganisms (izinhlamvu ezimelana ne-chlorine). Okomsebenzi, impahla ye-ozone isetshenziselwa ukukhipha umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokubola emanzini, okwenza okonakele ukungcola kwensimbi. Bese bahlala futhi bangasuswa.

Amadivayisi wemodi ye-Physicochemical

I-Electrochemical aeration. Zisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okuncibilikile okungafakwa i-oxidized - i-iron, i-manganese, i-chlorine, i-hydrogen sulfide, usawoti wensimbi osindayo. Okokuqala, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa kusuka ekungcoleni kwensimbi - lezi zihlungi zisebenza ngisho nasezingxenyeni eziphezulu, kuze kufike ku-30 mg ngelitha. Ukungcola kufakwe i-oxidized ngenxa yokubonakala kwama-oksijeni wamahhala emanzini, ukugxila kwawo kukhuphuka lapho amandla kagesi edlula emanzini. Izinto ezine-oxidized zifakwa kusihlungi.
I-air aeration. Zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezifanayo, kepha kulokhu amanzi agcwele umoya-mpilo ngenye indlela - ufakwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Izihlungi ze-Ion exchange. Asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi aqukethe ukungcola kwensimbi - i-iron, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-potassium ne-nitrate. Amanzi adluliswa ngenqwaba yenhlaka yokwenziwa enezinto ezinamathisela i-ayoni yensimbi kubo, ibakhiphe kulolo ketshezi. Kukhona amadivayisi ahlanganisa imisebenzi yokuhlunga i-sorption ne-ion-exchange. Kumadivayisi walolu hlobo, isisindo esimunca siqukethe inhlanganisela yobuhlalu be-resin ye-ion-substitution kanye ne-carbon absorbent.

Izisetshenziswa ezisebenzisa izinqubo zomzimba

Ukubuyisela emuva i-osmosis. Cishe konke ukungcola okuncibilikile - i-iron, i-magnesium nosawoti we-calcium, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye nama-nitrate nama-microorganisms - kuyagcinwa. Indima yesithiyo idlalwa ulwelwesi olunemigodi emincane, lapho uketshezi luqhutshwa khona ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Le mibobo mincane kakhulu ukuthi kungadlula kuyo kuphela ama-molecule wamanzi nomoya-mpilo. Ukungcola okususiwe kuyasuswa kulwelwesi.
Izihlungi ze-Ultraviolet. Ibulala amagciwane emanzini lapho ivezwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Ukufaka kokuhlunga kwezinto eziphilayo. Yehlisa ukuhlangana kwensimbi, i-hydrogen sulfide ne-asidi emanzini, ngenxa yekhono lamanye amabhaktheriya lokuncela lezi zinto. Isihlungi sithatha ukubulala amagciwane okulandelayo ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nokususwa kwemikhiqizo kadoti yamagciwane kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-sorption.

Amathiphu Wevidiyo

Amathiphu Nezexwayiso

Ukunikeza amanzi ukunambitheka okumnandi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa okokuqandisa nokuhlanza ngekhabhoni ne-silicon esebenzayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle, njenge-shungite, kukuvumela ukuthi ususe iphunga elibi.
Ukugcwalisa amanzi angenawo ama-microelements awusizo (ancibilikisiwe, ahlanjululwa yi-reverse osmosis), engeza u-100 ml wamanzi amaminerali kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi ahlanziwe.
IShungite nesiliva kuzoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi.

Ubuthakathaka bamadivayisi wokuhlanza

Amanyunithi e-osmosis abuyela emuva akhombisa umphumela omuhle ekususeni ukungcola, kepha ngenxa yendlela ethile yokuhlanzwa, izihlungi ze-membrane azisusi kuphela izinhlanganisela ezinobungozi, kepha nama-microelements awusizo. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamanzi ahlanzwe ngale ndlela kungaholela ekusweleni kwezinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwamaminerali ngokuhlangana nalezi zihlungi.
Uma usebenzisa i-ozonation device, khumbula ukuthi amanzi ahlanziwe awagcinwa isikhathi eside. I-ozone ibulala ngokushesha izinto ezincane, kepha ayihlali isikhathi eside. I-ozonation ibulala izinhlanganisela zemvelo, ezakha indawo enhle yamagciwane.
Ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kubhubhisa imvelo yebhaktheriya emanzini, kepha ayikuhlanze ekungcoleni kasawoti, izinsimbi, ama-nitrate. Kungakuhle ukuhlanganisa izihlungi ze-UV namadivayisi we-ozonizing.
Izihlungi ze-Sorption, ngokuqoqa izinto eziphilayo, zakha indawo yokukhula okunamandla kwamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, lapho uzisebenzisa, kuyadingeka uhlelo olwengeziwe lokubulala amagciwane.
Izihlungi ze-Ion exchange zisebenza ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi, ukuminyana kwensimbi lapho kungadluli ama-milligram ama-5 ilitha ngalinye. Uma okuqukethwe kwensimbi kuphakeme, ngeke kunikeze ileveli eyanele yokuhlanzwa.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesihlungi se-ion exchange, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zensimbi ene-oxidized zizovala i-resin ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ifilimu yakha ngaphezulu, okuyindawo yokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ugeze njalo i-resin ngesisombululo se-sodium chloride.

Impilo yesevisi yezingxenye ezithatha indawo

Impilo yesevisi yama-resin e-resin filter resins yiminyaka engu-2-3.
Ulwelwesi lwezihlungi ze-reverse osmosis alusebenziseki ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-18-36 zokusetshenziswa.
Isihlungi samalahle senzelwe izinyanga eziyi-6-9.

Izindlela zokuhlanza ezisetshenzisiwe zenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukungcola okuyingozi kakhulu. Ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lokungcola, i-ergonomics kanye nomnotho wezobuchwepheshe, unganikeza ikhaya lakho umthombo wokuphila, amanzi awusizo nokugcina impilo.

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