Ngabe zihlala kuphi amabhele ase-polar namaphengwini?
Ngokwenkolelo evamile, amabhere ase-polar namaphengwini ahlala lapho kuneqhwa neqhwa eliningi khona. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha yize lezi zinhlobo zikhetha izimo ezimbi kakhulu, azihlali endaweni efanayo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Amabhere asePolar athanda i-Arctic, kuyilapho ama-penguin ethanda i-Antarctica. Ake sihlolisise lapho kuhlala khona amabhere kanye namaphengwini.
Amabhere we-polar - indawo yokuhlala nemikhuba
Emvelweni wazo wemvelo, amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo ahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zeNyakatho Pole. Lezi zilwane zikwazi ukujwayela impilo yasenyakatho enzima ngamazinga okushisa aphansi ngokweqile. Ngenxa yezinqolobane zawo ezihlaba umxhwele ezinamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba noboya obukhulu, amabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme azizwa ekhululekile emhlabeni nasemanzini abandayo. Indawo enjalo ayivimbeli izidalwa ezinkulu ekuholeni impilo ephelele.
Amabhere wePolar ahlala ezimeni zemvelo emazweni amaningana, kufaka phakathi iRussia, iGreenland, iCanada, i-Alaska neNorway. Izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye azijwayele ukufuduka; zihlala endaweni ethile, zikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi avulekile, ngoba inhlanzi ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yibhere lasezindaweni eziphakeme.
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa, amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo ayahlakazeka. Ezinye izilwane zitholakala eNorth Pole. Namuhla, isibalo salezi zilwane, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, sincane, kepha asigxeki, ngakho-ke kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokunyamalala kohlobo lwazo ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ibhere elimhlophe liyisilwane esikhulu esidla umhlaba. Ngokwemvelo, abesilisa abanesisindo esifinyelela ku-800 kg bavame ukutholakala. Isisindo sesilisa singu-450 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esingangesiqingatha, kepha ngaphambi kobusika noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, bakhulisa kakhulu isisindo somzimba wabo. Ibhere elinsundu libhekwa njengesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sebhere elisendaweni emhlophe, ngakho ukweqa lezi zinhlobo kuvame ukuphela ngempumelelo.
Okukhethekile kokuziphatha kwesizini kwamabhere we-polar
Kuyamangaza ukuthi amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo awanaso isikhathi sokulala. Bahlala bekhuthele unyaka wonke. Ngokusondela kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane zithola ngenkuthalo amafutha angaphansi.
Amabhere asePolar abizwa ngegama lawo emthunzini woboya bawo. Ebusika, izilwane zisebenzisa uboya ukuzifihla. Ubuhlakani bamabhere we-polar budinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ngesikhathi zilinde inyamazane, lezi zidlakela ezinkulu zimboza amakhala ngamazipho azo, okuwukuphela kwendawo emnyama. Ehlobo, uboya bebhere elisendaweni emhlophe buba nombala wotshani. Lokhu kungukufaneleka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi ibhere le-polar "linengubo" enemikhakha eminingi. Isikhumba esimnyama, esibamba ngokuphelele ukushisa kwelanga, simbozwe ngejazi elingaphansi elinoboya. Isilwane futhi sinezinwele ezinde zokuzivikela. Ziyabonakala futhi zinokuqhuba okuhle kakhulu kokushisa.
Amabhere we-polar aqinile ngokwedlulele. Yize zinesisindo somzimba esihle, izilwane zihamba ngokushesha, zisebenzisa ithuba lokugijima. Imvamisa, ngokufuna inyamazane, umhlaseli unqoba kuze kube ngamamitha angama-500.
Ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe nalo lizwa kahle emanzini. Ngaphandle kwekhefu, ubhukuda aze afike ku-1 km. Lesi silwane futhi sitshuza kahle kakhulu. Imizuzu emihlanu, uhlanganyela ngokuthula ekudobeni umkhonto.
Ukudla kwebhere elimhlophe kufaka izinhlanzi, izilwane zasolwandle nezomhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu nazo zingena etafuleni lomzingeli. Ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamafutha okuhle, uhlala ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside, kepha uma emamatheka inhlanhla, udla kuze kufike kuma-20 kg wenyama ngasikhathi.
Amabhere we-polar awaphuzi. Bathola uketshezi oludingekayo ukuze kube nokuphila okugcwele okuvela ekudleni okuvela ezilwaneni. Qaphela ukuthi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo, abajuluki kakhulu. Ngakho-ke empeleni abalahlekelwa umswakama.
Amaphengwini - indawo yokuhlala nemikhuba
Amaphengwini yizinyoni ezihlekisayo. Zinamaphiko, kepha azindizi. I-Clumsy emhlabeni, kepha inomusa ngokwedlulele emanzini. Abantu abaningi banombono wokuthi bahlala endaweni yase-Antarctica kuphela. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Le ngxenye yomhlaba inezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela, zonke ezinye izinhlobo zifana nezifunda ezifudumele.
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalisa nokondla, ama-penguin ahlala olwandle oluvulekile lwaseNingizimu Nenkabazwe. Iningi lezinyoni ligxile e-Antarctica nasensimini yeziqhingi eziseduze. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, avela ezindaweni ezinomsinga obandayo.Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos, ezisendaweni eseduze nenkabazwe, zithathwa njengendawo yokuhlala esenyakatho kakhulu yamaphengwini.
Atholakala kuphi amaphengwini?
- I-Antarctica... Izwekazi elinesimo sezulu esibi, iqhwa laphakade namazinga okushisa aphansi ngokwedlulele kube yindawo ekahle yokuphila kwama-chinstrap nama-emperor penguin, kanye nezinhlobo ze-Adélie. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuye phakathi nasekwindla, bahlala olwandle, ngemuva kwalokho babuyela emhlabeni, bahlangane emakoloni, bakhe izidleke, bakhiqize futhi bondle inzalo.
- Afrika... Ugu olushisayo lwase-Afrika, lugezwe wumsinga obandayo weBenguela, lwakhethwa ngama-penguin akhanyisiwe. Lolu hlobo luyathandana ngendlela emangalisayo. Akumangazi ukuthi izivakashi eziningi ziza eKapa laseGood Hope minyaka yonke zizothola inyoni engalibaleki.
- E-Australia... I-Australia noma i-penguin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala lapha. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngesisindo sayo esilinganiselwe nokukhula okuncane - 1 kg no-35 cm, ngokulandelana. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yabamele izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke igxile ePhillip Island. Abahambi bavakashela le ndawo ukubabaza iPhengwini Parade. Izinyoni ezincane zihlangana onqenqemeni lwamanzi ngamaqembu amancane, emva kwalokho zimashela emigodini yazo emagqumeni anesihlabathi.
- I-Argentina... Iziqhingi i-Orkney neShetland zihlala amaKing Penguin, akhula afike kumitha elilodwa ukuphakama. Iziphathimandla zaseLatin America zivikela zonke izinyoni ngazo zonke izindlela, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwabantu.
- E-New Zealand... Lezi ziqhingi zihlala ama-Magnificent penguin - izinhlobo eziyivelakancane. Isici sabo esihlukile sihlala ngababili. Abayi ekoloni. Ngenxa yesibalo esincane sabantu, lezi zinhlobo ziyavikelwa.
- ENingizimu ye-Atlantic... Ama-Macaroni penguin atholakala ngasogwini lwaseChile, eFalkland Islands naseTierra del Fuego. Amakholoni abo amakhulu aheha izivakashi ngokucula okumangazayo kwabesilisa, okuheha kakhulu abesifazane.
- EPeru... Ugu lwasePeruvia, lapho kuqhutshwa khona amandla abandayo, yindawo yokuhlala yamaphengwini aseHumboldt. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, inani labo liyancipha minyaka yonke, isiyonke kunamabhangqa ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zama-penguin, ngayinye ehlala ekhoneni layo elimangalisayo. Lezi zinyoni zehlukile, futhi ubuntu buphoqelekile nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyaqhubeka nokusithokozisa ngokubukeka okuhlukile nezinye izici ezingazodwana.
Izici zokuziphatha kwesizini kwamaphengwini
Indlela yokuphila yamaphengwini ayijwayelekile ngokweqile. Akumangazi, ngoba lezi zinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza zisebenzisa amaphiko njengezimpiko, futhi bonke abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekondleni izingane.
Kuma-penguin, isikhathi sokuqomisana siphela ngokusungulwa kwenzalo. Umphumela wemizamo ehlanganyelwe yombhangqwana oshadile uyiqanda. Kudinga ukuvikelwa eqhweni, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphansi, inzalo izofa esigabeni sokuqala.
Insikazi ibeka iqanda ngokucophelela ezinqeni zesilisa bese iyofuna ukudla. Lapho selitholile iqanda, owesilisa umboza umntwana ngokuzayo ngesibaya esiswini. Kuzofanele afudumale iqanda izinyanga ezimbili. Imvamisa, ukuze kulondolozwe inzalo, abesilisa bazama ukusiza amanye amalungu obuzalwane.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwengane, owesilisa uyayondla ngobisi, okwenzelwe ukukhiqizwa yisisu nenyama yenyoni. Ubisi lwepenguin luwuketshezi olunomsoco omangalisayo onamafutha namaprotheni aphindwe kayishumi kunobisi lwenkomo.
Ngenkathi ubaba enakekela ingane, insikazi ibamba ama-squid nenhlanzi. Ulimi lwephengwini lumbozwe “ngezinaliti” eziphendukele epharynx. Uma inyamazane ishaya uqhwaku, ngeke isebenze ukuphunyuka.
Amaphengwini azingela emhlambini. Abesifazane baqoqene enkampanini enkulu bangena emanzini futhi, bevula umlomo wabo kakhulu, bandizela esikoleni sezinhlanzi ngejubane. Ngemuva kwendlela enjalo, i-tidbit ihlala emlonyeni.
Ekubuyeni kwakhe, owesifazane, osekhuluphele, wondla amalungu omndeni alambile. Esiswini sakhe, umama onakekelayo uletha ku-4 kg wokudla okugaywe ngengxenye. Iphengwini elincane lifakelwa emilenzeni kanina futhi lidla izibiliboco ezilethwe amasonto ambalwa.
Izinto zevidiyo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima yowondlayo iwela emahlombe owesilisa. Ama-penguin ondla izingane kanye ngehora, okufaka isandla ekunciphiseni okusheshayo kwamasheya. Ngaphambi kokubuya kowesilisa, iphengwini elincane selivele linesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa.
Ngabe zihlala kuphi amabhele ase-polar namaphengwini?
Wonke umuntu ovakashele e-zoo mhlawumbe uke walibona ibhere elimhlophe. Kulezi zilwane, kunamakhorali avulekile, lapho kudalwa khona izimo ezifanele kakhulu imvelo. Imayelana nokulingisa isimo sezulu esibandayo, ukudala amadamu anamanzi abandayo nezindawo zokukhithika zeqhwa.
Ezilwaneni ezibanjiwe, uboya kwesinye isikhathi buba nombala oluhlaza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphezulu, uboya baba yindawo ekahle yokuzalanisa ulwelwe.
EYurophu Ephakathi, ama-penguin atholakala kuphela ema-zoo. Abaphathi bezinye izikhungo bahlela "ukumasha kwephengwini" kwezivakashi. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabasebenzi be-zoo, izinyoni zishiya indawo ebiyelwe zihambahamba. Imicimbi enjalo ihlelwe ama-zoo ase-Edinburgh, eMunich nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu aseYurophu.
Amaphengwini ahlala ekuthunjweni avame ukuhlangabezana nokutheleleka kwefungal okuthinta umgudu wokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, ngenhloso yokuvikela ehlobo, izinyoni zigcinwa ngemuva kokwahlukaniswa kwengilazi.
Fingqa. Ngesikhathi sophenyo lwanamuhla, sithole ukuthi amabhere we-polar namaphengwini, ngokungafani nenkolelo evamile, akwenzeki endaweni efanayo. Ngokuthanda kwemvelo, bahlakazeka baya emaphethelweni ahlukene eplanethi. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzelwa okungcono kakhulu, ngoba amabhere amhlophe, ngenxa yemvelo yawo yokuzingela, angeke avumele ama-penguin ukuthi abekhona ngokuthula. Lezi zinyoni zinezinkinga zokuphila ezanele nezitha ngisho nangaphandle kwamabhere. Khumbula lokhu uma uhlela ukwenza isivivinyo ku-biology. Ngizokubona!