Izifo nezinambuzane zama-violets nezindlela zokubhekana nazo
I-Violet ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu izitshalo zasendlini. Bayamazisa ngezimbali zabo ezintekenteke nezinomusa, okuthi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, zijabule ngemibala yazo ekhanyayo cishe unyaka wonke.
Kodwa ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza kungagqitshwa yizifo nezinambuzane, ezivela ikakhulukazi ekunakekelweni okungafanele.
Esihlokweni sizokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imithetho nama-nuances wokunakekelwa kwezitshalo odinga ukukwazi. Yini i-violets engakulimaza. Futhi nokuthi yiziphi izimuncagazi ezingabhubhisa isitshalo.
Ukunganaki kokunakekelwa
Uma amaqabunga ku-violet eba buthuntu futhi amancane, ngakho-ke isizathu ukungabi khona kokukhanya. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-petioles aqala ukwandiswa, emaphethelweni amapuleti amaqabunga agobele phezulu. Ungenza isimo sesitshalo sijwayele uma ubeka ibhodwe efasiteleni elikhanyisiwe, livikelwe kohlaka.
Ukungabikho kokuqhakaza kwe-violet kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwe-asidi noma usawoti womhlabathi, ukwakheka okungalungile kwe-substrate. Lokhu kungaholela ekumisweni okuphelele kokwakheka kwama-peduncles kanye nokusontwa kwamaqabunga. I-Symbomatology efanayo yenzeka ngokungalingani ekwakhiweni kwamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen).
Okubalulekile! Ukukhanya okukhanyayo emaqabungeni kubonisa ukuchelela okungafanele.
Lokhu kuphendula kwesitshalo kukhombisa amanzi abandayo kakhulu noma ukusha, okwenzeka ngenxa yelanga elishaya indawo emanzi yeplani leqabunga. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokumanzisa inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele nefeni, lapho amathuba okusha engatheni.
Uzofunda kabanzi ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya, izici zokutshalwa okufanele nokukhiqizwa kwembali kule ndatshana.
Izifo nokwelashwa
Kungani zingakhuli futhi yini okufanele yenziwe kulokhu?
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuba i-violet iyeke ukukhula ukunisela okungafanele, ingxube yenhlabathi engafanele. Yilokhu okuthinta kabi isimo sezimpande, ngenxa yalokho imbali eyeka ukukhula kwayo. Ungamisa le nqubo futhi ubuyisele ukukhula kwama-violets usebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, engeza iZircon empandeni bese ufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi kusuka kwisifutho esihle kanye ngesonto.
- Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, sebenzisa i-substrate ebhakwe nge-peat.
- Sebenzisa ukuchelela ngentambo ukuthola umswakama ongapheli. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
- Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukuze isitshalo siqhume ngokushesha okukhulu, uthele amanzi ashisayo (ama-degree angama-40) epanini. Kuyisikhuthazo esihle kakhulu sezimbali.
Amaqabunga aphuzi
Kungani Amahlamvu Ejika Ephuzi? Ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kungenzeka ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukushoda kwamanzi;
- ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba;
- indawo enomthunzi wokutshala imbali;
- i-asidi ephansi noma ephezulu kakhulu ebhodweni.
Kulokhu, akunasisekelo ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides.
Qaphela! Izimo ezikhulayo ezifanele zizosiza ukuvimbela nokuyeka ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga.
Izifo
I-Fusarium
Lesi sifo siholela ekuboliseni i-violet rosette. Isizathu ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwesitshalo. Isikhunta seFusarium singena ezimpandeni ezincane zembali bese kubola okuqhubekayo. Ama-petioles aqala ukujika abe nsundu futhi awe, futhi izimpande zithola umbala omnyama, futhi azisakwazi ukugcina isitshalo sisemhlabathini.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fusarium, kufanele kuhlonishwe le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukunisela akufanele kube njalo futhi kuchichime.
- Ungayilinganisi inhlabathi lapho i-violet ikhula khona.
- Musa ukutshala isitshalo esitsheni esikhulu kakhulu.
- Gwema ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kokushisa ekamelweni nesitshalo.
- Fafaza ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kuma-fungicides, futhi izingxenye zezitshalo ezithintekile ziyasuswa. Ngokuvimbela, unganisela i-violet ngesisombululo se-Fundazole.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Uma ama-flakes amhlophe akhile emaqabungeni esitshalo, futhi lesi sitshalo sibukeka sinothuli oluncane, lokho-ke kuyizimpawu ezisobala ze-powdery isikhutha.
Ama-violets asendlini avame ukuthinteka yilesi sifo. Amabala amhlophe alimaza iziqu nezimbali. Izici ezilandelayo zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-powdery isikhutha:
- ukungabi khona kwelanga;
- umswakama ophezulu ekamelweni (ngaphezu kwama-60%);
- umoya obandayo;
- uthuli nokungcoliswa kwesitshalo nebhodwe;
- ukungabikho kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium enhlabathini, kanye ne-nitrogen eyeqile.
Ukuvikela ukukhula kwesikhunta se-powdery, kufanele kulandelwe imihlahlandlela elandelayo:
- sula amaqabunga embali ngendwangu emanzi;
- igumbi kufanele lihlanzeke futhi umoya uhlanzekile.
Uma ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kuvele kuma-violets, khona-ke phatha lesi sitshalo ngeBenlate noma iFundazol. Phinda ukwelashwa ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5. Ngemuva kokwenza ngcono isimo, kubalulekile ukubona ukuvimbela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlela ukuchelela ngamanzi, okushisa kwawo kungaphansi kokushisa kwegumbi.
Ungakwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi. Thela u-5 g womkhiqizo nge-200 ml yamanzi ashisayo. Chaza u-10 g wensipho ngokwehlukana kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Hlanganisa izixazululo ezimbili. Cubungula ama-violet amahlandla ama-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-6-7.
Ukulimala okwedlule
Lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu, futhi sivela ngenxa yokungena kwama-parasites fungal emzimbeni wesitshalo. Bangena ku-violet ngokusebenzisa ama-microcracks emaqabungeni noma ngezimpande. Ngemuva kokonakaliswa isikhunta, ukhololo wempande uqala ukubola. Lesi sifo singabonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo ensundu emaqabungeni.
Okubalulekile! Izinhlamvu zefungal zingahlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke inzalo yembiza yembali ihlala isigaba sokuqala sokuvimbela.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sekwephuzile akwenziwa, ngoba imbali ethintekile kufanele isuswe futhi ishiswe. ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kungavinjelwa ngokwakha umswakama ojwayelekile egumbini nokungeza ama-superphosphates enhlabathini.
Ukubola okumpunga
Igama lesibili lalesi sifo yi-botrytis. Lapho kuthinteka, kuqhakaza impunga kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngenxa yalokho izicubu ze-violet ezibola. Imbali ethintekile ifa ngokushesha, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina.
Isikhunta singena esitshalweni ngenhlabathi endala. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela, hlunga inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate ngaphambi kokuthumela isitshalo kuwo. Kuyadingeka ukugwema ukweqa kaningi nokubukhali kokushisa, kanye nokukhawulela ukuchelela.
Ukulwa nokubola okumpunga, kuyasebenza ukusebenzisa amakhambi wesintu. Chaza u-10 g we-mustard powder kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo. qinisa izinsuku ezimbili. Nciphisa isixazululo esivelayo nge-1 litre lamanzi. Faka isicelo sokwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinezifo ngezikhathi zezinsuku eziyi-10.
Ukugqwala
Sithinta lesi sifo ngemuva kokutheleleka ngesikhunta sokugqwala. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokugqwala ukuba khona kwamaqhuqhuvana asawolintshi ngaphezulu kweqabunga. Ama-pads ansundu akha ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga aqhekeka, afe futhi awe. Amakhowe athelela kuphela izingxenye eziphilayo ze-violet, futhi umswakama uyadingeka ukuze uvuthwe ngokushesha.
Inkomba. Umbuso wokushisa we-10-20 degrees Celsius ungathinta ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Ekwelapheni ukugqwala, ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides, isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid noma uthuli lwesibabule sisetshenziswa.
I-Vascular bacteriosis
Lesi sifo sizenza sizwakale ngenkathi eshisayo. Amaqabunga aphansi embali ambozwa ngamafinyila futhi afe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo:
- Fundazol.
- I-Zircon.
- I-Previkur.
- I-Immunocytophyte.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, pholisa umoya ekamelweni futhi uthuthukise umoya omncane.
Ama-violets aqala ukubuna nobuhlungu. Okufanele ukwenze nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani:
Izimuncagazi
Izibungu
Ama-Violets angathinteka yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhaza:
Ubulembu besicabucabu obomvu. Lesi silokazane sidla ubisi lwesitshalo. Usayizi wayo mncane: abesifazane - 0.5 mm onsomi-bomvu, abesilisa: 0.3 mm, obomvu ngokugqamile. I-spider mite ebomvu ivundile, ikhiqiza ngenkuthalo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Lesi sinambuzane simboza isitshalo ngamachashazi abomvu bese sisimboza nge-patina. Amaqabunga asonga futhi afe.
- Isicabucabu esivamile. Usayizi wabesifazane usuka ku-0.4 kuye ku-0.6 mm, ubukhulu besilisa busuka ku-0.3 kuye ku-0.45 mm. Izimuncagazi ezinemizimba ethambile zingu-ellipsoid ezinokuma komzimba, zinomzimba ongezansi oyindilinga ongaphansi nophansi. Idla ubisi lwesitshalo, lubangele ukuthi amaqabunga ambozwe ngamabhuloki ansundu.
- Cyclamen izimbuzane. Ubude bomzimba kwabesifazane bungu-0.20-0.25 mm, kwabesilisa cishe buba ngu-0.15 mm. Amagciwane abonakala ngomzimba oval, ogqamile ophuzi onamabhangqa amane ezinyawo zezidladla. Ihlasela amaqabunga amancane enkabeni yesitolo. Ngenxa yalokhu, bathatha isimo esingeyona imvelo bese bembozwa ngamabala aphuzi.
Lezi zinambuzane zinciphisa ukuqina kokukhula kwembali, isiqu sifinyezwe, amaqabunga afe, amaqabunga awavuli futhi akhubazekile. Ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa ngomuthi i-Acaricide kusetshenziswa ngezikhathi zezinsuku eziyi-7.
Ukwelashwa kwama-violets kusuka kwimikhaza. Kungani unqume ama-peduncles:
Izihlangu nezihlangu zamanga
Lezi zinambuzane zidala umonakalo omkhulu kuma-violets.
Encwadini. Isilonda ungasibona ngokuba khona kwamabala aphuzi emaqabungeni.
Ziyanda ngosayizi njengoba ujusi ukhishwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, iqabunga liphenduka liphuzi ngokuphelele bese liwa. Ukukhula kwe-violet kuyama, amagatsha avele, bese isihlahla somile.
Ungahlukanisa isihlangu esivikelweni samanga ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Isihlangu simboza ngaphezulu kwesihlangu. Akahlukani nesinambuzane esingaphakathi. Lokhu kulula ukunquma ukuthi ukhipha i-flap. Amagciwane azonamathiselwa kulesi sitshalo.
- I-scutellum ibuye yehluke ngesimo: iyisicucu ngezinambuzane ezilinganayo, futhi ngesimo sepea ngezingxabano zamanga.
Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo:
- I-Actellic. Nciphisa i-ampoule engu-1 kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Cubungula isitshalo izikhathi ezine ngekhefu lezinsuku ezi-3.
- I-Phosbecid. Phatha le mithi ngaphandle, ngoba inobuthi. Thatha ama-20 ml womkhiqizo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ama-Thrips
Lezi "izimbungulu" ezindizayo ezincane. Banombala omnyama onsundu omnyama. Zondla amaqabunga e-violet. Unganquma ukwehlulwa ngokuba khona kombala onsundu omnyama. Amabala anombala onsundu noma omnyama akhiwa. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa:
- I-Fitoverm.
- I-Aktelik.
- I-Aktar.
Ama-thrips kuma-violets. Silwa ne-thrips:
Imilenze
Lawa ngama-parasites amancane amhlophe abukeka njengesibungu. Izimpondo ezincane ziyabonakala phambi kwazo. Ama-Springtails awekho ngaphezu kuka-5 mm ngosayizi. Bahlala ebusweni bomhlabathi, bathanda umswakama futhi bande ngokushesha.
Ukunakwa! Isinambuzane asilimazi kangako kwi-violet, kepha uma ukwehlulwa kukhulu, kulimaza izimpande.
Ukucubungula, sebenzisa isisombululo sePyrethrum, futhi wome kahle inhlabathi.
Ama-Nematode
Lezi izibungu ezincane. Bahlala emhlabatsini. Zilimaza uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo, zimunce amajusi awusizo kuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimuncagazi zikhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi. Akulula kangako ukuqaphela inkathazo. kuphela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwembali, uhlola izimpande, lapho ungabona khona izikelemu ezincane.
Ama-Nematode abamba iqhaza ekubeni khona kwamabala aluhlaza amnyama emaqabungeni. Ziba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibole. Ama-Violets ahlaselwe ama-nematode akhula kabi, enza buthakathaka futhi angahlumi. Azikho izidakamizwa zokulwa nama-parasites. Lahla imbali ngomhlabathi, bese uphatha isitsha ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Scratch
Lesi sinambuzane sihamba kakhulu. Zihamba kahle cishe kunoma yimuphi unyaka. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ngengubo emhlophe eyimpuphu emhlophe. Osayizi 3-6 mm. Isibungu siholela ekushintsheni kwesitshalo, simbozwa ngamabala abomvu nsundu. Ukuhlaselwa yilezi zinambuzane kunganqunywa ngephunga. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, inhlabathi izokhipha iphunga elingathandeki lamakhowe. Uma wenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe, ungabona izibungu ngokwazo, ezinomhlophe omhlophe.
Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo:
- I-Actellic.
- I-Fitoverm.
- I-Aktar.
Faka isitshalo esithintekile kwisigcawu esisha bese ususa ngokucophelela izinsalela zakudala.
I-Aphid
Lezi zinambuzane zinohlobo lomlomo olusetshenziswayo. Kubukeka sengathi i-proboscis, ngosizo lwayo i-parasite ihlaba izicubu zezitshalo bese ifika kuma-juice. Izintwala zimhlophe, zimnyama noma nsundu. Angaba namaphiko futhi angabi namaphiko.
Kuma-violets, lezi zinambuzane zithelela ama-peduncle, izimbali kanye namafihlekile. Ngemuva kwethonya labo, amaqabunga esitshalo akhubazekile abune.
Inkomba. Uma kunezintwala eziningi, khona-ke yakha ungqimba omhlophe woketshezi olunamathelayo emaqabungeni. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, i-Mospilan ne-Actellik isetshenziswa.
I-Woodlice
Ziyizinambuzane ezincane zomhlaba. Ngokubukeka, zibukeka njengezinqola zempi ezincane. Ngokukhiqizwa kwabo, lezi zimo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezifanele: umswakama ophezulu nenhlabathi evulekile. Lezi zinambuzane ezimhlophe zilimaza izimpande namaqabunga e-violet. Ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezisencane. Ama-acaricides asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.
Omiyane nemidge
Lezi zinambuzane zakhiwa ikakhulukazi enhlabathini egcwele amanzi futhi ebolile. Abantu abadala abathwali noma yimuphi umsebenzi baye kuma-violets, okungeke kushiwo ngezibungu zabo. Bacekela phansi ngokushesha inhlabathi, balimaze izimpande, banciphise ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo kubo futhi bahlanganise inhlabathi ngokuqinile. Ukulwa nezinambuzane, phatha inhlabathi ngesisombululo seKarbofos. Ngokwengeziwe, gcoba onqenqemeni lwebhodwe ngoshoki ovela ephela, bese ufaka ungqimba lomhlaba ngemvuthu. Ukususa abantu abadala, sebenzisa i-Reid, Dichlorvos aerosol.
Uma kwenzeka ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwenhlabathi, kufake esikhundleni sako ngokuphelele ebhodweni. Bhaka i-substrate eqediwe kuhhavini. Lokhu kuzobulala imfucumfucu yezitshalo esezibolile, ezoheha izimpukane nomiyane. Esikhathini esizayo, zama ukungagudluli umhlabathi.
I-greenhouse whitefly
Lolu uvemvane oluncane oluhlala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indle yezinambuzane yakha amaqabunga aphansi, evezwe njengocwecwe olucwebezelayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwakheka isikhunta sooty kuso. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izakhi zesitshalo ziyakhanya, futhi amahlumela ayayeka ukukhula.
Ukuze ulwe nama-parasites, kudingeka ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwenza lokhu, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo:
- I-Fitoverm.
- I-Akarin.
- I-Aktofit.
Yenza ukucubungula ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku eziyi-7.
Kuwebhusayithi yethu, ungazijwayeza nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-violets, futhi ungafunda ukuthi ungakhulisa kanjani imbali ezimbewini embizeni noma empandeni usebenzisa ukusika lapha.
I-violet isitshalo esingenamandla kakhulu. Kufanele ikhuliswe ngumuntu onolwazi oluthile. Iqiniso ngukuthi zonke izifo nezinambuzane zakheka ngokunembile ngenxa yokungayigcini imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Kepha uma isilonda sitholwe ngesikhathi, khona-ke isitshalo singasindiswa futhi siqhubeke nokujabulela ukuqhakaza kwaso okukhanyayo nokukhanyayo.