Ungasitshala kanjani futhi nini isithombo esiluhlaza emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse, ukuthi unakekela futhi uvikele kanjani ebubini?

Isithombo esiluhlaza siyimifino elula futhi engathobeki okufanele siyinakekele, ekhuliswa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zomuntu siqu, kodwa nasemapulazini. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini nama-microelements nokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi, kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni izitsha eziningi. Isiko linamanye amagama: "Margelan", "Chinese", lobo.

Ungatshala nini impande futhi utshale ngasiphi isikhathi ukuze uthole izitshalo ezimbili, yiziphi izici zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nokushisa, ukuhambisana nezinye izitshalo, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi ungazithola kuphi - funda kuqhubeke.

Izici zokufika

Ukukhula isithombo esiluhlaza akulukhuni ngisho nakubalimi be-novice. kodwa ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, udinga ukucabangela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo:

1. Isiko lidinga ukuchelelwa njalo, ukhula, ukuqwala nokufunzwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi umswakama womhlabathi ufike ngesikhathi, ngoba ngenxa yokushoda komswakama, izithelo ziyaqhekeka, ziqine futhi zilahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwazo.
2. Imbewu kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imbewu ifakwa kuqala kusixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, i-boric acid noma isikhuthazi sokukhula. Imbewu eyomile iqhuma isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ikhiqize amahlumela angalingani.
3. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinsuku zincike esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala futhi ukhule isithombo sokugcina ebusika, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngezikhathi ezimbili.
4. Ngemuva kokutshala, imibhede kufanele imbozwe ngezinto zokuvikela.

Ukuhambisana namanye amasiko

Lapho utshala isivuno, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ngokuqinile ukujikeleza kwesitshalo. Abandulelayo besithombo seMargelan bangaba:

• i-zucchini;
• utamatisi;
• isaqathe;
• ukukhothama;
• isitshalo seqanda;
• imidumba;
• ukolweni;
• upelepele.

Uma indawo incane, izitshalo zingatshalwa ne:

• amazambane;
• izaqathe;
• anyanisi;
• idile;
• isaladi.

Akunconyelwa ukutshala izitshalo zezimpande ngemuva kwalokhu:

• ama-beet;
• iklabishi;
• isithombo;
• swede;
• ukolweni;
• amatheniphu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi ungazikhetha kanjani?

Lapho ukhetha okuhlukahlukene, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izimo zezulu zesifunda kanye nenkathi yokukhula yesitshalo.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zemifino zitshalwa ezindaweni zomuntu siqu:

1. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala:
   • "Margelanskaya ehlobo";
   • "Yuzhanka";
   • "Unkulunkulukazi Oluhlaza".
2. Isizini ephakathi:
   • "Indandatho Epinki";
   • "Khanya".
3. Sesivuthiwe sekwedlule isikhathi:
   • "Severyanka";
   • "Okthoba".

Izinhlobo zakuqala naphakathi nesizini zilungele ukukhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, okuthi, ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, zikwazi ukwakha isivuno sezimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa.

Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, kuhlwanyelwa zonke izinhlobo zesithombo esiluhlaza. Ukutshala kwabo kwehlukile maqondana nokuhlwanyela.

Ungathenga kuphi futhi malini?

EMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, imbewu ingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma i-odwe ngokulethwa nge-Intanethi. Izinto zokutshala zithengiswa zihlanganiswe ngamagremu ama-2 futhi zifakwe emasakeni. Intengo yephakethe elilodwa ama-ruble ayi-10 - 25.

Lapho ukhetha imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ikhwalithi yayo nesikhathi sokuqalisa. Imvamisa abathengi bakhetha izinkampani zokukhiqiza zaseRussia.

Ungatshala nini ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene futhi ngasikhathi sini ukutshala ukuthola izitshalo ezimbili?

IMargelan radish ikhule kuzo zonke izifunda. Isiko alinakuzithoba ekunakekelweni futhi alidingi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okukhethekile.

• Ukuvuna ekwindla, imbewu yokuhlwanyela yenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - maphakathi noMeyi.
• Izinhlobo zamuva zesithombo zitshalwa ekupheleni kukaJuni ezindaweni eziseningizimu - ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Lapho uhlwanyela kusenesikhathi, izimpande ziba lukhuni. Nge-aftertaste ebabayo nama-inflorescence alahliwe.

Izitshalo ezimbili zemifino zingatshalwa phakathi nenkathi:

• isivuno sokutshala kokuqala sisetshenziselwa ukudliwa ngabantu;
• okwesibili kubekelwa ukugcinwa ebusika.

ERussia emaphakathi, imbewu yokuhlwanyela yenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.Izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngama-18 - 20 degrees. Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuthi isikhathi sokwakheka kombungu asiweli emahoreni amade emini. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-peduncle yakha esitshalweni.

E-Urals, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuqala maphakathi noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. ESiberia, isithombo sihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-5 - 8 degrees futhi usongo lweqhwa seludlulile.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile nembewu

Ukukhula isithombo esiluhlaza akunzima kakhulu. Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, kubalulekile ukugcina izinsuku zokutshala, khetha indawo efanele futhi unikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukukhethwa kwesihlalo

Isithombo esiluhlaza isitshalo esithanda ukukhanya nesithanda ukushisa. Ngokutshala, khetha ezivulekile. izindawo ezinelanga ezinenhlabathi elula, ekhanyiswe kahle. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-asidi encane noma ingathathi hlangothi. Nge-asidi ephezulu, i-lime eshisiwe iyangezwa.

Isiko alibekezeleli umswakama owedlulele, ngakho-ke imibhede ephansi iphakanyiswa ngo-15 - 20 cm, futhi imbewu yokuhlwanyela yenziwa ekamu.

Lapho kuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini emanzi emiseleni, izimpande ziyaqhekeka, futhi nengozi yokubola nayo iyanda.

Isiza sokutshala silungiswa ekwindla. Iyimbiwe bese kufakwa umquba. Uma inhlabathi ibumbile, kunconywa ukufakwa komanyolo. Lesi silinganiso sikuvumela ukuba ukhanyise inhlabathi.

Akunconywa ukusebenzisa umquba omusha.

Umdwebo wesakhiwo

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emigodini noma emiseleni ngezicucu ezi-3 - 5. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imigqa ibekwe endaweni enezingqimba ebangeni elingama-30 - 35 cm komunye nomunye, ibeka imisele enokujula okungu-1.5 - 2 cm.

Ngendlela yokuhlwanyela yokutshala, izimbobo zakheka ngephethini lokuhlola elinesikhawu esingu-15 cm.

Ungacubungula kanjani futhi ubeke enhlabathini?

Ngaphambi kokwehla, udinga ukunakekela okokutshala:

1. Imbewu ifakwa amahora ama-2 - 3 kusixazululo se-boric acid, lezo ezintantayo nezonakele ziyasuswa.
2. Imbewu ehleliwe igezwa kahle futhi ithulwe ngesikhuthazi sokukhula amahora ayi-12.

Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa enhlabathini enomswakama kuya ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ama-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubuso bemibhede buhlanganiswe ne-humus noma i-sawdust futhi buhlanganiswe ngopulasitiki omnyama noma okokumboza.

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo

Ukukhulisa isivuno ngaphandle kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Ukunisela

Isithombo esiluhlaza, esihlwanyelwe kusenesikhathi, sidinga umswakama omningi futhi sidinga ukuchelela njalo, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe ehlobo. Ukuswakama kwenhlabathi kwenziwa kabili - kathathu ngesonto ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukutshala okuhloselwe ukugcinwa ebusika kuniselwa izikhathi ezine kuya kwezihlanu phakathi nenkathi.

Umhlabathi kumele uhlale umanzi. Njengoba, lapho kwenzeka ukwehla komswakama, izithelo zingaqhekeka futhi zithole ukunambitheka okumunyu.

Ukuze kulondolozwe indawo yokugcina umswakama, inhlabathi ingaboshelwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani lokunisela.

Ukuncipha nokuqwala

Amahlumela okuqala avela ezinsukwini ezi-4 - 5. Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, ukuncipha kuyenziwa:

• Okokuqala kwenziwa lapho kuvela iqabunga lesibili leqiniso esitshalweni. Isitshalo esibuthakathaka siyasuswa, sishiya amahlumela ama-3 ebangeni elingu-15 cm.
• Ngokuncipha kwesibili, wonke amahlumela ayasuswa, amaqabunga awo angakatholi umbala oluhlaza.
• Ngesikhathi sokuncipha kwesithathu, isitshalo esiqine kakhulu siyasala.

Lapho uncipha, amahlumela awakhishwa enhlabathini, kodwa ancitshwe ukuze angalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zezinye izithombo.

Njengoba ngaphezulu kwesitshalo sezimpande kungaphezulu kobuso bomhlabathi, kufanele kwenziwe i-hilling. Imvamisa, ukuhlwanyela kuhlwanyelwa ngemuva kwemvula noma ukuchelela, kuklanywa ngokucophelela phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hilling isiza ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka futhi iyindlela yokuvimbela izinambuzane ezinambuzane.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala komanyolo kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 - 10, umanyolo uphinde usetshenziswe. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa:

• urea;
• i-ammonium nitrate;
• i-calcium chloride;
• i-superphosphate.

Isikhathi sokugcina lapho izingoma zamaminerali zisetshenziswa ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvuna.

Ukuvimbela

Uma ubuchwepheshe bokutshala bwephulwa, isiko lisengozini yezifo:

• iklabishi mosaic;
• isikhutha esiyimpuphu;
• ukubola okubomvu;
• i-peronosporosis;
• i-keel;
• ilineni;
• umnyama.

Ukuze kuvikelwe nokwelashwa kwezifo, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi:

• i-sulfate yethusi;
• Ingxube yeBordeaux;
• i-oxychloride yethusi.

Ukulwa nezifo zefungal kanye ne-virus, kusetshenziswa ama-fungicidal agents akhethekile:

• I-Actellik;
• I-Fitoverm;
• "Karbofos";
• Inta-vir.

Ukufika kungahlaselwa yizinambuzane:

• flea ebethelelayo;
• iklabishi inundu;
• impukane engadini;
• umsundu;
• ama-nematode.

Amalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane anconywa ukulawula izinambuzane:

1. "IVerticillin".
2. Mospilan.
3. "Fufanon".
4. "Aktar".
5. "Umphathi".

Ukukhula endaweni yokugcina izithombo

Ukukhula isithombo esiluhlaza endaweni eshisa ukushisa nasendaweni evulekile akunakho umehluko. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi yokushisa kufanele isuswe ukhula futhi ibulawe amagciwane. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe:

• okuxekethile;
• kuvundile;
• i-hydrated kahle.

Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngendlela efanayo nasendaweni evulekile. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa, kepha imibhede ayimboziwe ngocwecwe.

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa lokushisa komoya kanye nenhlabathi umswakama.

Ngokukhula okujwayelekile, isitshalo kufanele sigcine izinga lokushisa elingadluli kune-18 - 20 degrees. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, yehliselwa ku-10 ° C futhi igcinwe kuze kuvele amaqabunga eqiniso, bese iphakanyiswa futhi yaba ngu- + 18 ° C.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona nobunzima lapho ufika

Lapho kukhula izimpande zezitshalo, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zibhekana nobunzima. Imvamisa zibangelwa ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

1. Ukuhluma kwembewu emuva kwesikhathi. Kwenzeka njengokwephulwa kosuku lokutshala noma ukusetshenziswa kwento yokutshala eyomile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuvala imibhede ngezinto zokumboza ezimnyama amahora ayi-10 - 12 ngosuku noma uhlwanyele izitshalo endaweni yokugcina izithombo.
2. Amahlumela abolayo. Kwenzeka njengomphumela wokuswakama okweqile ngenxa yokuchelela njalo nokuchichima. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa umbuso wokumanzisa inhlabathi, ukhulule, ususe amaqabunga abolile.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Ukuvimbela, sebenzisa ama-fungicidal kanye nama-insectidal agents, phatha izithombo ngesisombululo sensipho yokuwasha. Ugwayi, ugodo lomuthi. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umcako ukulima inhlabathi.

Isithombo esiluhlaza siyisivuno esingenakuzithoba futhi esinakekelwa kalula. Ukutshalwa kwayo kuyatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimo sezulu ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokutshala nokunakekelwa.

Bukela ividiyo: Deborah Smith, 2009 Kemper Award Winner (Julayi 2024).