Izimfihlo zesivuno esihle sesithombo. Indlela yokutshala imifino endle, abamba ukushisa nasekhaya?

Isithombo isitshalo sezimpande esaziwayo, okuthi ngasizathu simbe asitholanga indawo engadini yezakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zaseRussia. Futhi ngeze!

Isithombo sinokunambitheka okuthile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye siyinqolobane yezempilo. Ungayitshala kanjani le mifino enempilo kusayithi lakho?

Izici zokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani ngokufanele izinhlobonhlobo nokuthi ungathenga kuphi, imiyalo yokukhulisa nokunakekela ukushisa, indawo evulekile nasekhaya - konke lokhu nokunye okuningi kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Izici zokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo

1. Isithombo sizozizwa sikhulu eduze kukatamatisi, izaqathe, ukhukhamba. Umakhelwane one-beet, isipinashi, ithanga, ama-parsnips, iklabishi, i-zucchini ubekezelela kahle.
2. U-anyanisi, iklabishi, nehisopi, ama-strawberry yibona "omakhelwane" ababi kakhulu be-radish.

Indawo ekahle yombhede wemifino oyimpande kuzoba yizwe lapho kutshalwe khona okulandelayo:

• amazambane;
• ukhukhamba;
• imifino;
• ithanga;
• utamatisi;
• ihhashi;
• isaqathe.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-cultivar kahle?

Udinga ukukhetha ukuhlukahluka kwesithombo, ugxile ezimeni zendawo nesikhathi osifunayo sokuvuna. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zesithombo:

• mnyama;
• okumhlophe;
• okuluhlaza okotshani;
• okubomvu.

Ngokwesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izinhlobo zakuqala, eziphakathi nendawo nezasekupheleni ziyabonakala:

• Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zifaka izinhlobo "Odessa 5", "Summer round white", "Green Goddess", "Sudarushka".
• Izinhlobo zesithombo ezinezikhathi zokuvuthwa okulingene: "Dragon", "Wonderful", "Chinese", "Black Winter".
• Ukuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi - "Udokotela", "iGaivoronskaya 27", "Ubusika obumhlophe obumhlophe".

Kuthengiswa kuphi okokutshala?

Ungathenga imbewu kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimbali noma i-hypermarket. Vele, kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga imbewu kubakhiqizi. Intengo yembewu yesithombo incike kuvolumu edingekayo nakumkhiqizi. Isibonelo, iphakheji lemibala (ama-euro) enesisindo esingu-1 g wembewu evela kumkhiqizi uSedek izobiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-10, kwiphakeji emhlophe i-1 g efanayo ibiza ama-ruble ama-5. (amanani ngeka-Agasti 2019). I-Siderat oil radish ekupakisheni i-1 kg. umkhiqizi ofanayo ubiza ama-ruble ayi-170 ngo-Agasti 2019.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokukhula nokunakekelwa

Izitolo ezithengiwe noma imbewu yakho kudingeka zilungiselelwe ukutshalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu igcinwa usuku lonke kusisombululo esintekenteke se-potassium permanganate.

Esikhathini sokushisa

1. Imvamisa, isithombo sihlwanyelwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngoFebhuwari-Meyi nangoSepthemba. Lapho-ke ukuvuna kuzoba ngo-Ephreli-Juni nango-Okthoba. Kepha ezinkampanini ezifudumele, ungatshala le mifino unyaka wonke.
2. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukwenza ukushisa okungeziwe kokushisa okushisa ukuze bathole izithelo ezinkulu. Ukwehla okuncane kwesikhashana ekushiseni ngeke kulimaze kakhulu.

   Uma umbuso wezinga lokushisa ungeqi +10 ° C njalo, isikhathi sokuvuna sizokwenyuka ngamasonto amabili.

3. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini ombiwe ngokucophelela emibhedeni emifushane (ibanga elingafika ku-30 ​​cm). Ukuthola isivuno kancane kancane, ukusekelwa kungenziwa masonto onke.
4. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, isithombo kufanele sincishiswe ukuze kube khona ibanga okungenani lama-5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.Ngemva kwenyanga, kufanele siphinde sinciphe.
5. Ukunisela isivuno sezimpande kwenziwa masonto onke, kuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi ngokuphelele. Kumitha ngayinye yesikwele, udinga ukuthulula amalitha ayi-12 wamanzi. Uma ungalandeli inkambiso yokumanzisa inhlabathi, izilimo eziyizigaxa zizoqhekeka. I-mulching izosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini.
6. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zesithombo kwenziwa kabili: lapho kuvela amaqabunga e-cotyledon nangesonto elizayo. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela i-nitrogen ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa. Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa okwenziwa sekwedlule isikhathi zondliwa masonto onke ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali.

   Umquba akulungele ukondla isithombo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuholela ekwenziweni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.

   Ukondla kufanele kumiswe ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.

7. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo zenziwa kathathu: okokuqala inhlabathi ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwe-4 cm, okwesibili - kuze kufike ku-8 cm, eyokugcina - kuze kufike ku-10 cm.
8. Ehlobo, i-greenhouse lapho kukhula khona isithombo kumele ibe nomoya, kugwenywe okusalungiswa.

Enkundleni evulekile

1. Isithombo sihle kakhulu ekumelaneni nesithwathwa. Amahlumela okuqala angavela lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku +3 ° C. Zimelana ngisho neqhwa lesikhashana elifinyelela ku -4 ° C. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe ngeke zife ngisho naku- -6 ° C.
2. Lapho uhlakulela ama-radishes ngezithombo, kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu ngenyanga ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe emhlabathini.
3. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu noma izithombo, umbhede kufanele umbiwe futhi ulinganiswe nge-rake. Kunconywa ukutshala isithombo enhlabathini e-loamy ehlanganiswe ne-humus noma i-humus. Inhlabathi ene-sandy loam nayo iyafaneleka. Inhlabathi ene-esidi kufanele ifakwe ikalika ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
4. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nohlelo 8 cm ngamasentimitha angama-35. Ukujula kwama-grooves akufanele kudlule amasentimitha ama-2. Izinhlamvu ezi-3 zibekwa esitokisini ngasinye. Izimbobo zimbozwe inhlabathi. Ngomswakama onganele wenhlabathi, ingadi iyaniselwa. Uma kungekho isithwathwa, amahlumela okuqala avela ngesonto.
5. Iphuzu elibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwazo zonke izitshalo zezimpande ukuncipha. Kumele kwenziwe kabili: lapho kuvela amashidi amabili nangemva kwenyanga. Uma kwenzeka kuhluma okungalingani, izitshalo ezisusiwe zingafakwa endaweni engenalutho. Isithombo simelana nokufakelwa kahle.
6. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi zidinga ukuchelela okulinganiselayo masonto onke. Izinhlobo ezifika emva kwesikhathi ziyaniselwa kuze kube izikhathi ezine ngenkathi ngayinye yokukhula.

   I-radish ayibekezeleli isomiso esinzima, uma ngemuva kwesikhathi esiningi siniselwa kakhulu, isivuno sezimpande sizoqhekeka.
7. Ukuze wakhe izithelo zomumo ofanele, isitshalo siyanyakaziswa kancane, ngaleyo ndlela siqhekeze izimpande eziseceleni. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okunjalo, isithombo sidinga ukukhishwa, khona-ke uginindela wesitshalo sezimpande uzoba sethenda.
8. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhula ludinga ukususwa emibhedeni. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesithombo, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi kathathu. Ukucubungula kokuqala kwenziwa ekujuleni kwe-4 cm, okwesibili - kufika ku-8 cm, owokugcina - kuze kufike ku-10 cm.
9. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesithombo kwenziwa, uma kunesidingo, kuphela nge-nitrogen noma umanyolo onzima. Izinhlobo ezikhula ekuqaleni zondliwa kabili: okokuqala lapho amaqabunga e-cotyledon eqhubeka, okwesibili ngesonto ngemuva kokuphakelwa kokuqala. Ama-radishes okuvuthwa emva kwesikhathi anikezwa masonto onke. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uyeke ukufaka umanyolo ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Izindlu

1. Ezimweni zokukhula zasendlini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo zakudala zesithombo ezimelana nezimbali nesomiso.
2. Ukuze uthole isivuno efulethini, udinga ukuthenga ibhodwe elingama-20 cm ukujula noma ngaphezulu. Ukuvimbela ukumiswa umswakama, kwenziwa kuwo izimbobo zamanzi (uma zingekho), kubekwa ungqimba lobumba olunwetshiwe ezansi. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi.
3. Inhlabathi ithululelwa esitsheni esilungisiwe. Ikhefu elifinyelela ku-2 cm lenziwa kuyo noma indawo yokuhlanza lapho kutshalwa khona izinto zokutshala. Imbewu ifafazwa ngomhlaba bese iswakanyiswa ngesifutho. Ukwakha izimo ezishisa kakhulu, ibhodwe limbozwe ngocwecwe lubekwe endaweni emnyama, efudumele.

   Ukunakwa! Imbiza ayidingi ukugcwaliswa ngokuphelele ngenhlabathi. Ngokukhula okulandelayo kwezithombo, umhlaba uzodinga ukuthululwa.

4. Amahlumela okuqala azovela kungakapheli isonto. Lapho zivela, ifilimu kufanele isuswe, nebhodwe liyiswe endaweni ekhanyayo nepholile. Uma imbewu itshalwe ebhodweni elide kuvulandi, lapho-ke lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili eqiniso, lesi sitshalo kufanele sikhishwe, kushiywe ibanga cishe elingu-8 cm phakathi kwabo.
5. Njengoba isoma, inhlabathi idinga ukuswakanyiswa. Isithombo esitshalwe enhlabathini evundile asidingi ukondliwa.
6. Ubunzima obukhulu bokukhula isithombo ngaphakathi endlini kugcina izimo ezifanele (kufanele zipholile ebusuku futhi zifudumele emini). Ukushisa okuphezulu komoya kubangela ukuqhakaza kwemifino.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo kusithombo, isikhathi sokujikeleza kwezitshalo kumele sibonwe. Embhedeni ofanayo, isivuno sezimpande kufanele sikhule njalo eminyakeni emine. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kukhuthazwa umswakama ophezulu emoyeni noma enhlabathini.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

1. IBlackleg. Isifo sokukhunta sivame ukuthinta izithombo. Isiqu sesitshalo engxenyeni engezansi siba phuzi, bese simnyama. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lesi sitshalo siyafa bese siyafa. Lesi sifo sivela ngomswakama ophezulu, ukuqina kwezitshalo, i-asidi ephezulu yenhlabathi. Akunasizathu sokulwa nalesi sifo - izitshalo ezinezifo ziyasuswa. Kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela: ukubulala amagciwane enhlabathini yezithombo, ukufaka ulayini, ukunciphisa izitshalo.
2. Isikhunta (i-peronosporosis) nayo inemvelo yefungal. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwamabala aphuzi emaqabungeni, akhula ngosayizi futhi ashintshe umbala ube nsundu. Kwenzeka ngomswakama ophakeme, ukungena komoya okuncane (endlini yokushisa), izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa. Izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo: ukubulala amagciwane ebusweni bomhlabathi nge-sulfate yethusi. Amakhemikhali nawo angasetshenziswa.

Izinambuzane zasengadini aziphikisi ukuzuza kusithombo:

1. Izibungu zeklabishi kulimaze izimpande kanye ne-tuber yesitshalo esincane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwesithombo kuyama, amaqabunga ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abune. Indlela engcono yokuvimbela isinambuzane ukugcina ukujikeleza kwesitshalo. Sonke isikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, kuyadingeka ukuqeda ukhula lwe-cruciferous. Ezindleleni ezidumile zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane, ukwelashwa ngothuli kagwayi nomlotha kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Unganisela izithombo ngamakhemikhali.
2. Amazeze eSacral Ingabe amabhungane amancane alala emfucumfucwini yezitshalo. Amazeze ashiya izindawo zobusika ngo-Ephreli. Amabhungane adla izimbobo eziningi emaqabunga esithombo. Ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo kungabulala. Kungenzeka ukucubungula izithombo ukuxosha isilokazane ngomlotha, noma ngamakhemikhali.

Izimfihlo Zokunqoba Izinkinga

1. Ubunzima bokuqala bokutshala izitshalo isikhathi sokutshala. Izakhamizi zasehlobo ezingenalwazi zesaba isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi zibambezele ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Ngokwanda kwamahora emini, isithombo sizoya kumcibisholo. Ekwindla, akufanele usheshe. Amahora emini kufanele anciphise futhi nezinga lokushisa lehle.
2. Enye ingozi kusithombo esihle ukushisa. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lesitshalo sezimpande libhekwa lifike ku- + 18 ° C. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, khona-ke izithombo ezikhulayo zidinga ukwembozwa.
3. Endaweni enomthunzi, izimpande ezijwayelekile ngeke zikhule. Izithelo juiciness nokunambitheka kuncike ekuniseleni. Ukutshala isithombo, udinga ukususa izindawo ezinelanga.
4. Ubuningi bomanyolo wemvelo (umquba) bulimaza isitshalo. Isitshalo sezimpande siyagoba, asinambitheki, silahlekelwa ikhwalithi yokugcina.
5. Ukuntula ukuchelela kunika umunyu izitshalo zezimpande, uburhabaxa nephunga elingathandeki. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela izinhlobo zakuqala kufanele kube njalo.
6. Ukuncipha isithombo wenziwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Izitshalo kufanele zikhule kude nge-20 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Isikhathi sokuqala ukususa amahlumela amaningi kuyadingeka esigabeni sesibili seqabunga, okwesibili - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili.
7. Izitshalo zeCruciferous zithinteka ekuhlaselweni yizikhukhula. Ungalwa nalesi sinambuzane ngomlotha ojwayelekile. Lo manyolo ungasetshenziswa emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala.

Isithombo esiqoqwe endaweni yaso sizoba imifino enempilo futhi emnandi etafuleni. Ukulima isiko akudingi mzamo omkhulu.

Ukugcina imigomo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungathola isivuno esicebile esizojabulisa umndeni wonke unyaka wonke.