Ukwenza amalungiselelo amahle ezimbali engadini noma egcekeni lapho utshala ama-petunias emhlabathini ovulekile: ama-nuances nokunakekelwa

I-Petunia ingenye yezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezithandwa kakhulu, ezibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zobunjwa nemibala.

Isitshalo esingapheli somndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Izimbali ziqala ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokuhlwanyela.

Kule ndatshana uzofunda kabanzi nge-petunia, ukuthi ibukeka kanjani, yiziphi izinhlobo nezinketho zokuklanywa kokuhlelwa kwembali. Sizobheka nokuthi singabhekana kanjani nezifo nezinambuzane.

Incazelo nomlando wesenzeko

Imvelaphi yezinhlobonhlobo zesimanjemanje zama-hybrid ayinakunqunywa namuhla.... Iqiniso ngukuthi ziwele kaningi kangangokuba umlando wokuhlukahluka ngakunye udida kakhulu.

I-Garden hybrid petunia iyisitshalo esinwabuzelayo noma esiqondile. Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20-80. Ukuma kwezihlahla kuyinto eyindilinga, ubukhulu bayo buhlangene. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi futhi limise okofeleni. Ama-inflorescence atholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga ku-peduncle emfushane.

Inkomba! Uma lesi sitshalo sinakekelwa kahle, sizoqhakaza kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukuqinisa i-branching yehlathi, kubalulekile ukusika amahlumela akhule kakhulu. Futhi ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwamafihlekile asevele ephelile kuzoholela ekuqhakazeni okusebenzayo.

Izinhlobonhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sitshalo, sizochaza ezithandwa kakhulu.

Superbissima

Lesi sitshalo sikhula size sifike ku-70-80 cm. Isihlahla sonke simbozwe ngokoqobo izimbali... Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwangu-15. Izinhlobonhlobo zehluka ngemibala ehlukahlukene ekhanyayo yezimbali namacembe okathayela.

Isibhakabhaka esibomvana

Isihlahla sikhula sibe uphawu olungu-25-30 cm.Izimbali zihlala kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Umbala wezimbali ubomvana, futhi ububanzi bawo bungu-7-10 cm. Akhula ngezithombo. Imbewu itshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Lindela amahlumela ezinsukwini eziyi-7-12. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya, i-thermophilic. Kuyena, kufanelekile ukumlungiselela inhlabathi elula, evundile futhi ekhishwe kahle.

UPikoti Corduroy

Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezibubende. Banomngcele omhlophe, onikeza isihlahla ukubukeka okukhanga ngokwengeziwe.

Umlilo Kan-Kan

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukumelana nezifo okuphezulu.... Lesi sitshalo sibuye siqhakaze isikhathi eside. Umbala ubomvu, ubukhulu bembali bungu-12 cm.

I-Toulouse

Ungumxube ophilayo nothakazelisayo wemivimbo ebanzi kophinki abaphilayo kanye namalimu. Lesi sitshalo sikulungele ukukhulela ngaphandle nasivulandi.

Izici zokwakheka nokuklanywa kwezithombe

Usebenzisa i-petunia nokutadisha izithombe ezingezansi, ungenza izinketho eziningana zokuhlobisa isiza engadini noma egcekeni.

Umbhede wezimbali oqondile

Le nketho ilungele ukunikela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ifreyimu kusuka kumeshini wensimbi ogoqiwe. Yimboze nge-agrofilm kusuka ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kutholakala uhlobo lwensika, okumele lugcwaliswe ngomhlaba. Yenza izimbobo ezimbotsheni zemesh, lapho ungabeka khona izithombo.

Izihlahla zePetunia

Izihlahla ezivela kuma-petunias zibukeka zithakazelisa kakhulu. Lokhu kuzodinga umshini wokushisela, amapayipi wensimbi anobubanzi obuhlukile. Faka ipayipi phansi, bese i-weld iyema kuyo kusuka emapayipini amancane. Bazogcina izimbiza zezimbali. Manje shisela imikhawulo yayo, wakhe isitendi sesitsha. Faka umbala esiqwini nasemagatsheni esihlahla esiwumphumela.

Imibhede yezimbali evela emabhokisini

Lolu khetho lubukeka lungavamile ngaphansi kwamafasitela ekotishi noma ocingweni. Ngeke kube nzima ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo. Udinga nje ukuthola amabhokisi. Zingaba ngokhuni, izitsha zobumba, ezinezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe.

Ingadi yembali

Le nketho ikuvumela ukuthi ubone imicabango yabanikazi bezimbali. Umbhede wezimbali ungaba ngothayela abaningi, oyindilinga, isikwele, ngesimo somfudlana... Akunandaba ukuthi ubukhulu bendawo yasedolobheni, ngoba kuhlala kunendawo yokwakheka.

Izimbali zembali

Zenziwe ngohlobo lwe-ampelous noma lwe-cascading. Ukuthola umphumela woqobo, hlela izimbali kuplanter bese uzilengisa. Ukuqanjwa okunjalo kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu lapho uhlobisa ikotishi lasehlobo usebenzisa ama-petunias. Ungafunda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani futhi utshale i-ampelous petunia embizeni yezimbali lapha.

Inqubo yokutshala evulekile yomhlabathi

Imicimbi yokutshala kufanele yenziwe ngoMashi-Ephreli. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini... Kepha le ndlela ayivumeli njalo ukuthi ukhule isitshalo esiqinile futhi esihle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenza kancane bese ukhetha eyodwa yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokufika:

1. Ukuhlwanyela esitsheni esingajulile... Beka okokutshala phansi futhi ungangcwabi.
2. Amaphilisi we-peat... Banikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho bekhula izithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela iyaphumelela futhi iyasebenza. Ithebhulethi ngayinye kufanele ifakwe kusengaphambili, bese ufaka imbewu engu-2-3 kuyo. Izithombo ze-petunia kumaphilisi we-peat azidingi ukuqoqwa okuqhubekayo. Kusetshenziswa le ndlela, izihlahla zitshalwa zingene emhlabathini ovulekile kanye namaphilisi.
3. Ikhasethi... Le ngenye indlela elula yokutshala. Imbewu ibekwa esitokisini ngasinye (20x50 ml). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30, faka isitshalo ebhodweni. Lapho, i-petunia izokhula kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa iziqu zokuqala.
4. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu eqhweni... Ingqikithi yale ndlela ukuthi ungqimba lweqhwa lomgwaqo elihlanzekile lubekwe phezu kwenhlabathi, futhi kuthelwa izinto zokutshala phezu kwalo. Ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, liyangena bese liyazidonsela phansi.

Ngezansi ungabuka ividiyo ekhombisa ukutshalwa kwe-petunia emhlabathini ovulekile:

Umbuso wethempelesha

Noma iyiphi indlela yokuhlwanyela ekhethiwe, ekukhuleni ngokugcwele nasekuthuthukisweni kwezithombo, idinga ukugcina umbuso olungile wokushisa - 23-25 ​​degrees Celsius. Izithombo kufanele zigcinwe ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene, zinikeze ngokunisela kwanamuhla.

Umhlabathi

Kuzokhethwa inhlabathi enomsoco, elula futhi evulekile. Izinga le-pH akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-5.5 futhi libe ngaphezu kuka-7.0... Ukutshala, ungasebenzisa umhlaba othengiwe noma uzilungiselele. Ukuze uyenze iphefumule futhi ibe nomsoco, beka i-vermiculite noma i-perlite kuyo. Zisebenza njengempuphu yokubhaka. Unganciphisa i-asidi ephezulu ngokubeka umcako omncane emhlabathini.

Ukuze uzilungiselele ingxube yokudla okunempilo, udinga ukuthatha izingxenye ezilandelayo ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo:

• umhlanga;
• umhlaba onamaqabunga;
• humus.

Iseluleko! Ungangeza umoya ku-substrate ngokungeza inani elincane lesihlabathi kuwo.

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

Isitshalo sethu sifuna ukukhanyisa. Ebusika, akanakho ukukhanya okwanele ngenxa yamahora amafushane emini. Ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise isibani se-fluorescent noma se-LED. Isikhathi samahora emini sizoba amahora ayi-12-14. Uma ukhulisa isitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke kufanele sibekwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe, lapho kungekho khona ilanga eliqondile. Lapho ukhula efasiteleni, khetha iwindi elibheke eningizimu.

Ungayinakekela kanjani kahle?

Ukunisela

Kuyadingeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngqo ngaphansi kwempande... Kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokunisela ye-drip usebenzisa isirinji ejwayelekile. Njengoba lesi sitshalo singakuthandi ukugcwala kwamanzi, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho ikhoma lobumba selomile. Sebenzisa amanzi athambile noma ahleliwe ukwenza lokhu.

Umanyolo

Ukuthola isithombo esiqinile futhi esinempilo, isithombo esincane kufanele sondliwe. Isikhathi sokuqala ukwengeza ama-nitrogen compounds ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamahlumela okuqala. Lokhu kuzovumela isitshalo ukuthi sikhule inani elidingekayo lobukhulu obuluhlaza. Ngemuva kwalokho wethula izingoma ezisuselwa ku-phosphorus. Yenza lokhu amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Uma kwenzeka kwephulwa imithetho ye-agrotechnical, imbali ingathelela izifo nezinambuzane:

1. Amagciwane... Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zibonakala njengamaqabunga agqamile futhi aphuzi anokukhubazeka. Alikho ikhambi, ngakho-ke kufanele ususe imbali egulayo.
2. I-bacteriosis... Kungabonakala ngokuba khona kokumila okuncane okunesiqu esiqwini. Ukulwa ne-bacteriosis, susa iziqu, bese uphatha isitshalo ngamalungiselelo anjalo: i-Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B, Gamair, Binoram, Planriz.
3. Isikhunta se-Powdery... Lesi sifo sakha umgubo omhlophe oyimpuphu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweqabunga. Uma isilonda sibuthakathaka, khona-ke le mithi elandelayo izosiza: iFitosporin-M, i-Alirin-B. Kepha ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, kufanele ukwelashwa ngeTopaz, iStrobi, iTiovit Jet, iSkor, umbala o-Purest.
4. Ama-Thrips... Lezi zinambuzane zilimaza ipuleti leqabunga, elibangela ukuba likhubazeke. Ukuhlwaya amafomu ezimbali, nokuhleleka okunsundu emaphethelweni. Ama-insecticide alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukulwa: Aktara, Akarin, Aktellik, Biotlin, Confidor, Fufanon. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, phinda ukwelashwa.
5. Ukubola okumpunga... Iziqu ezithintekile ziba zithambile futhi zibe namanzi. Ngomswakama ophezulu womoya, amafomu wokumboza ompunga. Ukwehlulwa kusetshenziselwa amaqabunga, iziqu, izimbali. Ukulwa, kusetshenziswa le mithi elandelayo: i-Fitosporin-M, i-Alirin-B, i-Gamair, i-Planriz, i-Glyokladin, i-Sternifag.
6. Ukubola okulimazayo okwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi... Kungabonwa ngokuba khona kwesisekelo sesiqu esimnyama nsundu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ziba mnyama bese zilenga onqenqemeni lwebhodwe. I-Ridomil, iGolide ne-Alet kusetshenziselwa ukulwa.
7. I-Aphid... Lesi yisinambuzane esincane esithinta amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izimbali, ngenxa yalokho aqala ukugoqana futhi abe phuzi. Susa ama-aphid ngenxa yale mithi elandelayo: Antitlin, dust dust, Aktellik, Fitoverm, Akarin, Aktara.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha

Ukuzala kungenzeka ngembewu noma ukusika.

Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari. Njengoba izinto zokutshala zincane, akufanelekile ukujulisa inhlabathi, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kube sezindaweni. Ukuhlwanyela ngokuqinile i-petunia akunconyiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizophazamisana. Izithombo kufanele zigcinwe ngaphansi kwefilimu, okufanele ivulwe nsuku zonke ukuze ikhishwe.

Lapho kuhlanganiswa, kuyadingeka ukusika isiqu esinamaqabunga ama-4-5 esitshalweni sikamama bese usibeka enhlabathini enomsoco. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15, ukusika kuyaqala.

Okubalulekile! Tshala ukusika okusikiwe kungakadluli ihora eli-1, kungenjalo ngeke kuthathe izimpande.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Azikho izinkinga ezithile maqondana nama-petunias akhulayo. Zivela ikakhulukazi ngokumnakekela okungafanele:

1. Ukubola kohlelo lwempande... Le nkinga ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu. Kwenzeka ngenxa yomswakama omningi ngokweqile womhlabathi.
2. Ukulimala kwezinambuzane nezifo... Kukhona newayini le-florist uqobo, onakekela i-petunia enganele.
3. Ukungabi nezimbali... Isizathu esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo we-nitrogen. Zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamafiqubu, ngemuva kwalokho ukugxila kwazo kufanele kwehliswe kube ubuncane.

AmaLobelias, ama-marigolds nama-pelargoniums angaba abangane abaphumelelayo bama-petunias. Kepha nasezitshalweni ngazinye, ama-petunias abukeka emangalisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zawo eziphindwe kabili. Zama ukutshala izinhlobo ezinjengeSurfinia, iRamblin, iGrandiflora, i-Opera, iWave, iTidal, iSkyry Sky, iTyphoon Silver neGioconda kusayithi lakho.

I-Petunia isitshalo esihle esingapheli esingabonakala namuhla cishe kuyo yonke imibhede yezimbali. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kugcwele umbala ogqamile, ukunakekelwa okungathobeki futhi kumelana kahle nezifo nezinambuzane.

Bukela ividiyo: EZENDIDANE - UMOYA WAMI (Septhemba 2024).