Ngabe i-woodlice ibukeka kanjani esithombeni futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezikhona emvelweni?
Ezindlini ezizimele noma emafulethini ungabona isinambuzane, ngokubukeka kungathandeki. Kubonakala ebusuku endlini yangasese noma endlini encane. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ekhishini ngaphansi kukasinki. Lesi sinambuzane sithanda umswakama futhi sivela lapho kunenqwaba yaso.
Ngenxa yale ndawo, ibizwa ngalokho - izintwala zezinkuni. Ukubukeka kwayo efulethini noma esakhiweni sokuhlala kukhombisa ubumanzi obuningi egumbini. Isimo sengqondo ngalezi zidalwa siyindida. Ngokwenkolelo evamile, balimaza abantu.
Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, i-woodlice iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu. Ithuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi ngokuvuselela kabusha izitshalo ezibolayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhipha into ethile emhlabathini ethuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo kwekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintwala zezinkuni zidla isikhunta emaqabungeni ezitshalo nasemhlabathini. Lokhu kuholela endaweni enempilo kubo. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezintwala zokhuni ezihlala ezindlini zabantu. Kusuka endatshaneni yethu ungathola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesinambuzane, lunemilenze emingaki bese ubheka isithombe salo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zasekhaya zalesi crustacean ezitholakala efulethini?
I-Woodlice ingeyohlobo lwe-crustaceans... Ukuba khona kwama-gill kukhombisa ukuthi kungokwayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emanzini kuphela, njengawo wonke ama-crustaceans. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unemilenze eminingana ehambayo futhi eqinile, emnika amandla okugijima ngezindonga.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 zalezi zinambuzane emhlabeni, kepha ezweni lethu kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi. Ekhaya lakhe, umuntu angahlangana nezinhlobo ezimbili ze-woodlice - ezejwayelekile (ezibizwa nangokuthi i-armadillo) nezimbi. Esikhathini esiningi, bakhasa bangene efulethini besuka egumbini elingaphansi (ungathola incazelo yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezintwala zokhuni kule ndaba).
Njengoba i-woodlice ithanda umswakama, izizwa ingcono ngaphandle. Lapho zingatholakala ngaphansi kwamatshe, kusuka ezindaweni ezimnyama nezimanzi egcekeni noma engadini. Ukuze ungayihlanganisi nezinye izinambuzane, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zangaphandle zezintwala zokhuni.
Ungathola imininingwane eminingi mayelana nendlela yokuphila ye-woodlice nezinhlobo zazo lapha.
Usayizi womzimba
Izinhlobo zasekhaya zinosayizi omncane womzimba futhi zingafinyelela ku-2 cm ubude. Azinayo imilenze emide. Kunezinhlobo ezifika ku-75 cm ubude. La ma-crustaceans ahlala ekujuleni okukhulu olwandle nasolwandle. Banokufana okuningi nge-woodlice ejwayelekile, kepha bakhulu ngosayizi nendawo yokuhlala.
Incazelo eningiliziwe nesithombe esiseduze
Sinikeza ukubona ukuthi i-woodlice ibukeka kanjani esithombeni:
Isakhiwo se-woodlice sifana nesakhiwo samanye ama-crustaceans.... Zonke izinhlobo zinekhava eyingqayizivele ngesimo segobolondo. Lokhu kubahlukanisa nezinambuzane. Umzimba ngokwawo u-oval, uhlangane kancane. Kumbozwe ngeziqu ezinzima nezinzima ze-chitinous, ezakha izingxenye ezi-9-10. Isakhiwo esinjalo sivikela umzimba we-woodlice ekulimaleni nasezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Umbala wegobolondo uncike ohlotsheni nasendaweni ehlala kuyo.
Okuvame kakhulu kunombala ompunga we-nondescript obufihla njengombala wamatshe noma wenhlabathi. Ezinye zingakhanya ngombala noma zibe luhlaza okotshani. Ngokwemvelo, izintwala zezinkuni zitholakala ngephethini enemibala noma imivimbo egobolondweni.
Umbala we-carapace uncike emazingeni okushisa aphilayo... Kunezinhlobo ezinamagobolondo abomvana, aphuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nansundu. Imilenze yezintwala zokhuni ihlelwe ngababili. Kukhona umlenze owodwa wemilenze engxenyeni ngayinye yomboko. Sekukonke, inamabhangqa emilenze ayi-7, ngokungafani ne-crayfish, enamabhangqa amahlanu emilenze yokuhamba.
IMokritsa iyimoto yangempela yamathafa. Uyakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha phezu komhlaba. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu ebusuku. Inhloso yokuhamba kwakhe ukucinga umswakama nokudla. Yonke imilenze engu-7 yemilenze inesakhiwo esifanayo futhi iyahamba kakhulu. Zinobude obulinganayo, ngenxa yokuthi izintwala zezinkuni zibizwa ngokuthi ama-isopods - isopods.
Umzimba we-woodlice ngaphansi kwegobolondo usengozini futhi uyaguquguquka. Uma kunengozi, izintwala zezinkuni zigobe zibe ibhola, zishiya igobolondo ngaphandle. Ikhanda lesinambuzane libonakala kahle emzimbeni we-oval.
Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu futhi cishe ayinakuhlukaniswa nomzimba. Ezinhlangothini zalo kunamehlo nezimpondo ezimbili. Amadevu ayizinhlobo zezimpondo. Ubude bazo bufinyelela uhhafu wobude bomzimba wesinambuzane. Engxenyeni yesithathu, yesi-4 neyesi-5 yesisu, kunezinqubo ezinde eziqondiswe emuva.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziphilayo emvelweni futhi izidalwa ezinjalo zibukeka kanjani?
Encane
Izintwala ezijwayelekile zomhlaba wokhuni, ubukhulu bazo obungekho ngaphezu kuka-2 cm, zihlala kuyo yonke indawo. Laba bantu batholakala ngisho nasemazweni anezulu elomile. Ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene kubenza bakwazi ukusinda ezimweni zesomiso nasezimweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho.
I-Woodlice iyakwazi ukwanda ngokushesha futhi igcwale insimu... Izimpawu zangaphandle zalesi sigaba se-woodlice zihambisana nalezo ezichazwe ngenhla kulesi sihloko. Umbala wabo uncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye nasezingeni lokushisa elifanele - kusuka kwimpunga kuya ophuzi nophinki.
Lezi zinhlobo zihamba kakhulu futhi zihamba ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi indlela. Usayizi omncane womzimba uvumela intwala yezinkuni ukuthi ithole ngokushesha indawo yokuhlala futhi ingabonakali ezitheni. Ama-crustaceans amancane anezihlobo zasolwandle ezihlukile kubo ngosayizi wazo.
Okukhulu
Lolu hlobo lwezintwala zokhuni luhlala ekujuleni kolwandle futhi luhlukile ezihlotsheni zomhlaba ngosayizi womzimba. Omunye wabamele leli qembu yizintwala zezinkuni zolimi lwesinanakazana. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kuma-4 cm. Olunye uhlobo lwezintwala zasolwandle i-sea cockroach. Usayizi wayo ufinyelela ku-10 cm.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ekujuleni kolwandle iPacific, i-Atlantic kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya. Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke ovela esigabeni sezintwala ezinkulu zokhuni ufinyelela ku-15 cm ubude.
Ngaphandle, lezi zinhlobo azihlukile kozakwabo basemhlabeni. I-carapace efanayo imboza umzimba, yakhe i-exoskeleton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igobolondo labo le-chitinous liqukethe i-lime. I-exoskeleton yakhiwe ngamasegmenti agqagqene.
AbakwaWoodlice bayakwazi ukugoba ibhola libe sengozini, beveza igobolondo eliqinile ngaphandle. Lokhu kusabela okuzivikelayo kuyabasindisa ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Amapuleti angemuva we-carapace ahlanganisiwe futhi ahlukaniswe. Bakha uhlobo lomsila omfushane oyisicaba. Umshini onjalo uyadingeka ukuze izintwala zokhuni zihlale emanzini.
Inhloko ye-woodlice enkulu icishe ihlangane negobolondo. Amehlo amakhulu ayabonakala kuso, anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokumangazayo, kepha ama-crustaceans angaphansi kwamanzi anamehlo amahle. Kuyafana, kunamaphara amabili ezimpondo ekhanda... IWoodlice nayo inamabhangqa emilenze ayi-7. Kodwa-ke, umbhangqwana wokuqala ungumbhangqwana ofana nowozipho, ngosizo lwentwala yezinkuni ethatha ukudla ikudlulisele kweminye imihlathi emine esemlonyeni.
Umlomo ubekwe ekhanda futhi uqondiswe phambili ukuze ubambe ngokushesha ukudla. Umbala we-woodlice yasolwandle unombala okhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi une-pink tint. Zihamba kahle emanzini zisebenzisa imilenze yazo yesisu yokubhukuda.
Isidlakela
Lolu uhlobo lokuphila kwasolwandle olusuka kuhlobo lwama crustaceans. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bazo bufinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. I-specimen enkulu kunazo zonke ebanjwe ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika yayingama-76 cm ngosayizi kanye no-1700 gram ngesisindo. Imidondoshiya ayibukeki yehlukile kunhlobo yangaphambilini.
Umzimba wezinambuzane umbozwe nge-exoskeleton eqinile ngokuphelelelokho kugcina ngomsila omude, obanzi. Imilenze inezinzipho eziqinisayo ezivumela ukuba zihambe ngezansi kobumba.
Zihlala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-140. Ukudla okuyinhloko kubo yisidumbu sezinhlanzi nezitshalo zasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, zithathwa njengezihlelekile zolwandle olujulile. Ngokudla, intwala yasolwandle kufanele yehlele ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2000.
Ingabe kukhona izidalwa ezifanayo emvelweni futhi zingobani?
I-Woodlice ivame ukudideka nezinambuzane ezithile. I-Silverfish, amaqhuqhuva nama-millipedes awafani kakhulu nawo. Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kwalaba bobabili awunzima. I-Silverfish yehlukile ku-woodlice ngesimo selitfombe lencishisiwe ngasekugcineni kwemtimba.
Inezimpondo ezimfushane futhi izingxenye zezimboni azichazwa ngokusobala njengakwi-woodlice. IKivsaki ihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu ezifudumele zaseRussia ezindlini ezinomswakama. Zinomzimba omude ongaphezulu kwamasegmenti angama-30 futhi zifana nezikelemu kakhulu. Ama-Centipedes athanda umswakama futhi agijime ngokushesha ezindongeni. Zihlukile ezintwala zezinkuni ngenqwaba yemilenze emide nomzimba omncane onsundu onsundu ngokulingene.
Umhlaba wethu uhlala izinambuzane eziningi ezahlukene. Ulwazi mayelana nengqikithi yalabo abagijima futhi bakhase emafulethini nasezindlini eziseduze komuntu kunikeza umbono ocacile walezi zidalwa. Lo mbhalo ubuthathwa njengesinye sezivakashi ezihlala njalo zekhaya lomuntu. Mhlawumbe lolu lwazi luzosiza ukuqonda izizathu zokubonakala nokwesaba okungamanga okuhlobene nezintwala zokhuni.