Ungatshala nini imbewu yesithombo ngaphandle, abamba ukushisa nasekhaya? Ungayinakekela kanjani kahle?

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Isithombo sinezinzuzo ezinhle zokukhula. Ikhulisa ukuzivikela komzimba, ithuthukise imetabolism futhi iyikhambi lezifo eziningi.

Basebenzisa zombili imifino yezimpande namahlamvu amancane esithombo, bayifaka kumasaladi namasobho ahlukahlukene. Imifino yesithombo iyadliwa ingaphekiwe, ibilisiwe futhi ithosiwe. Kulesi sihloko, ungathola impendulo yalo mbuzo: ungasitshala kanjani kahle isithombo ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu? Uzofunda futhi ngezinhlobo zayo nezici zokutshalwa.

Izici zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemifino

Isithombo sinezinhlobo ezahlukene:

mnyama;
okuluhlaza okotshani;
okubomvu;
okumhlophe.

Ngamunye udinga indlela yakhe, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde izici zokukhula kwazo zonke izinhlobo. Nayi imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokutshala.

Mnyama

Isitshalo sezimpande siyaphazanyiswa kancane ngenkathi kulinywa. Ngale ndlela, izimpande ezingeziwe ngeke zivele, futhi impande enkulu izothatha konke ukudla. Futhi isithelo uqobo sizoba sikhulu futhi sibe namanzi amaningi.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi isithombo esimnyama singaqali imicibisholo, sitshalwa ngemuva kweqhwa, futhi sigcina nomswakama womhlabathi kulo lonke ukulima.
Ungatshali ezindaweni lapho izilimo ze-cruciferous zikhule khona. Izifo ezivamile kanye nezinambuzane zizothatha umthwalo omkhulu esitshalweni sakho.
Isithombo esimnyama asitshalwa ngemisele ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwemicibisholo engadingekile kungavinjelwa.
Uma ungekho umhlaba owanele wokutshala, ungatshala isithombo neminye imifino.

Okuluhlaza okotshani

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kungcono ukutshala enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi noma elula.
Ukuze izithelo zingalahli ukunambitheka kwazo futhi zinganqwabeli i-nitrogen, inhlabathi isetshenziswa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwembewu, hhayi ngaphansi kwesithombo uqobo.
Lapho umba umhlaba, kufakwa cishe u-30 g womanyolo kumitha ngayinye yenhlabathi. Bamba isithombo esiluhlaza ngokujulile, u-25-30 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yesithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ihlungwe futhi ifakwe, ngoba imbewu eyomile ithatha isikhathi eside ukuhluma.
Izinga lokushisa elikhula kahle kakhulu ngama-degree angama-20.

Mhlophe

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle nokukhula okuhle, inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi futhi icebise ngama-humus.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule ezindaweni lapho ama-strawberry abekade emila khona, ngakho-ke isitshalo sizothola izakhamzimba eziningi.
Imbewu entsha kufanele ibe nsundu ngombala.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama omningi, amanzi kahle cishe kanye ngesonto (amalitha ayi-10 ngemitha skwele).
Imbewu itshalwa ezidlekeni, ishiye phakathi kwayo amasentimitha ayi-15. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhluma, isitshalo sincishisiwe kusale izithelo eziqine kakhulu.

Okubomvu

Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini efudumele futhi emanzi, cishe engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi.
Ukufika akufanele kube okujulile, amasentimitha amabili anele.
Ukuze uthole izithelo nezithelo ezihlwabusayo, kunconywa ukuthi ucwilise futhi uhlume imbewu.
Ukugwema imicibisholo, isitshalo sitshalwa endaweni emnyama.
Imbewu itshalwa njalo ngamasentimitha amathathu.

Ungathenga kuphi futhi malini?

Ukuthengwa kwembewu kungenziwa ezitolo ezikhethekile edolobheni nange-Intanethi. Kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga imbewu ngobuningi. Lokhu kuzokongela imali eningi. Isibonelo, eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg amanani avela kuma-ruble ayi-1050. kuze kufike ku-1900 k. nge-1 kg. imbewu. Futhi izindleko ezimaphakathi zephakethe elijwayelekile elinesisindo esingu-2 g ngama-ruble ayi-15.

Intengo nayo incike kakhulu ku:

inani lembewu ephaketheni;
umkhiqizi;
tshala izinhlobo.

Hlola amanani ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuthenga imbewu. Izinhlamvu ezifanayo zingabiza ngokuhlukile ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nesitolo lapho uzithenga khona.

Utshala nini nokuthi unakekela kanjani kahle: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ungatshala isithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene:

budedengu;
isithombo.

Ake sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngendlela ngayinye yokuhlwanyela nezimo zokutshala isivuno esikhulu.

Indlela ukuhlwanyela?

Ukuhlunga imbewu

Imfuneko yesivuno esihle yikhwalithi kanye nembewu ekhethwe kahle. Kubalulekile ukuhlunga yonke imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.... Hlukanisa ngosayizi bese uthola amaphutha. Imbewu ekhethiwe nenempilo ayithambekele kakhulu ekudutshulweni nasezifweni, futhi isivuno sihlala sikhulu futhi sihlwabusayo.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa ukuthi ucwilise imbewu yesithombo kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka semanganizi noma usawoti amahora angama-24.

Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi nendawo

Ukuze izithombo zivele ngokushesha, indawo leyo kumele ibe sehlangothini elibalele futhi ivikeleke emoyeni. Ngokufanelekile, tshala isithombo sakho eningizimu noma ohlangothini lwaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Kubalulekile ukulungisa ngokucophelela indawo yokufika kusengaphambili ngokukhetha inhlabathi efanelekile. Ukunambitheka kwemifino kanye nokuvunwa, kanye nokungeneka kalula kwezifo, kuya ngomhlabathi.

Okokuqala, inhlabathi kufanele ibe:

okuxekethile;
i-loamy noma isihlabathi;
ocebile nge-humus;
nge-asidi engathathi hlangothi.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukutshala ngaphambi kokutshala... Kuyadingeka ukuhlakulela inhlabathi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ilungele ukuhlwanyela. Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi kufaka:

ukumba, ukususa ukhula;
ukufaka umhlabathi enhlabathini ene-asidi;
ukwengeza isihlabathi ne-peat uma inhlabathi iqukethe ubumba oluningi;
ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen, potassium - phosphorus fertilizer kanye nomquba.

Umsele ulele

I-algorithm yokuhlwanyela eyiyo izokusiza ukuthi ugweme ubunzima obukhulayo futhi wandise isivuno. Isikimu sokuhlwanyela isithombo cishe:

yenza imisele engafika ku-2 cm ukujula;
shiya ukukhulula cishe ngama-35 cm phakathi kwemigqa;
nweba imbewu engu-3 emiseleni ebangeni elingu-8 cm phakathi kwezidleke;
ufafaza futhi uhlanganise imisele nomhlaba;
hlola inhlabathi ukuthola umswakama, amanzi uma kunesidingo.

Ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala, usuvele ubona amahlumela okuqala.

Ukuze kube lula ukutshala, abanye abalimi basebenzisa amangqamuzana amaqanda. Izithombo ezinjalo azidingi ukususwa ukhula, ukuncishiswa noma ukuxegiswa. Amakhasethi acindezelwe kahle emhlabathini, afaka imbewu emgodini ngamunye futhi embozwe inhlabathi. Into esemqoka ukuchelela njalo.

Ukunisela

Ungamanzisi ngokweqile umhlaba, isithombo sithanda umswakama olinganiselayo... Esimweni sezulu esina, ukuchitheka nsuku zonke ekuseni noma kusihlwa kwanele; esimweni sezulu esomile, ukuchelela kabili ngosuku. Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside komswakama womhlabathi nokunciphisa ukuchelela kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa indawo.

Unakekela kanjani?

Kuyadingeka ukuthi uzinze njalo, ukhula futhi wondle imibhede:

ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa cishe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhula;
ezinhlotsheni zokuqala zokuvuthwa, sebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, cishe izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqabunga e-cotyledon;
ezinhlotsheni eziphuzile, sebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali oqukethe i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus;
yeka ukondla amasonto ama-3 ngaphambi kwesivuno esilindelekile;
kusuka kokufaka umanyolo, i-humus, umquba, umlotha wokhuni kufanelekile.

Umquba awusetshenziswa njengokugqoka okuphezulu, kunomthelela omubi ekukhuleni nasezingeni lezithelo.

Isithombo

Le ndlela yokutshala ayifanele zonke izinhlobo. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, isitshalo singabuna, sigule noma sife. Kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezinomumo wezimpande oval, ngokwesibonelo, i-daikon.

Uhlelo lokukhula:

Izinkomishi ezilahlwa ngenhlabathi elungisiwe kufanele zilungiselelwe imbewu. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi uqukethe umanyolo ophilayo.
Lapho utshala, julisa imbewu emhlabathini ngo-1.5 cm.
Mboza izinkomishi ngocwecwe olubonakalayo bese ubeka efasiteleni kusuka ohlangothini olunelanga.
Futha izithombo zesikhathi esizayo ngebhodlela lokufafaza nsuku zonke.
Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga amathathu noma ngaphezulu egcwele, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Tshala ngephethini lokuhlola, ebangeni elingu-20-25 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.

Ungatshala nini ku-greenhouse?

Ekuvuneni kokuqala kwalesi sitshalo, kulinywa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kuyasetshenziswa. Uma ukuhlelela ukuhlelela intwasahlobo, ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile nokunakekela amahlumela kufanele kwenziwe phakathi kukaDisemba noFebhuwari, uma kusehlobo - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.

Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zezimo zokugcina izithombo:

ICamelot.
UDenno.
"ICorsair".
URunder Weiser.

Kunconywa ukuthi utshale izinhlobo ezinjenge- "Carmen" ne- "Rubin" endle... Ku-greenhouse noma greenhouse, izimpande zezitshalo ngeke zinambitheke kahle, futhi isitshalo sizoqala ukudubula imicibisholo.

Ukufeza ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwezitshalo zezimpande, inhlabathi ebamba ukushisa iyashisa ibe ngama-degree ayi-15 lapho kubanda. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -3 degrees azokwandisa isikhathi esikhulayo. Ehlobo, i-greenhouse kufanele ifakwe umoya njalo, ebusika kufanele ishiswe. Banakekela inhlabathi ngendlela efanayo nasensimini evulekile: ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele nokuncipha.

Ungatshala kanjani ekhaya?

Abanye abalimi bakhetha ukutshala ama-radishes ekhaya.... Ake sibone ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani:

Khetha indawo ekhulayo, kungaba iwindi noma kuvulandi onamazenga acwebezelayo.
Lungisa isitsha esijulile, inhlabathi, lungisa umanyolo.
Hlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ngokujula kwe-1 cm.
Gcina ikamelo lokushisa elifanele, elizungeze ama-degree ayi-15-17.
Ebusika, khanyisa izitshalo ngokwengeza.
Bheka zonke izidingo eziyisisekelo zokunakekela isithombo.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona nobunzima

Izifo ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane noma ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okungafanele kungaphazamisa ukuvuna okuphumelelayo nokukhula kwezitshalo zezimpande. Kubalulekile ukukhomba ngokushesha izimbangela zezinkinga ohlangane nazo bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela.

Izifo ezingaba khona zesithombo:

Isikhunta se-Powdery - kunqunywa ukuqhakaza ngeziqu namaqabunga. Isithombo siphathwa ngesisombululo esingu-0.5% sesoda ne-concentrate.
IBlackleg - ukuma nombala wamahlamvu kuyashintsha. Lesi sitshalo sifuthwa nge-anyanisi tincture, u-20 g wamakhoba ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi.
Ukugqwala okumhlophe - ingxenye yasemoyeni yesitshalo iyoma bese imbozwa ukuqhuma okumhlophe. Phatha ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.

I-Cruciferous flea beetle ibeka ingozi ethile ku-radish, ingabhubhisa isitshalo kumahlumela okuqala. Lesi sitshalo sisongelwa nayinhlama yeklabishi nenqwaba yensimu.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane:

beka izitsha ezinophalafini noma amashidi epulangwe agcotshwe ngengcina phakathi kwezitshalo;
fafaza ngesisombululo somlotha esihlanganiswe nensipho yokuwasha (izingilazi ezimbili zomlotha no-50 g wesepha ochotshoziwe ebhakedeni lamanzi);
cubungula uthuli kagwayi ngomcako.

Izindlela zokuzivikela ezenzelwe wena azikwazi njalo ukusiza; ezimweni eziphambili, kuzodingeka usebenzise amakhemikhali.

Isithombo siyisitshalo esingazweli emakhazeni esikhula ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu endle, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngisho nasekhaya. Usebenzisa amathiphu namasu wokutshala nokunakekela, uqinisekile ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesinempilo.

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