Imali yokubeletha ngo-2020: kuze kube yimuphi unyaka isebenza ngokusemthethweni, yini usayizi wesitifiketi sokubeletha + uhlu lwamadokhumenti adingekayo wokubhaliswa nevidiyo

Sawubona bafundi abathandekayo be-Ideas for Life umagazini online! Isihloko sokushicilelwa kwanamuhla ngezimali zokubeletha, siyini nokuthi singakanani isitifiketi, ukuthi ungasithola kanjani nokuthi yimiphi imibhalo ezodingeka, njalonjalo.

Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele libiza malini? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuzalwa kwengane kunjalo lena yinhle kakhulu isikhathi empilweni yowesifazane. Uletha imizwa eminingi emihle, akuvumela ukuthi ucabange ezinye zezikhathi futhi wenze izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni yansuku zonke yomndeni. Kepha ngaphezu kobunzima nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nengane, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi kanjani nikeza impiloukuthenga kudingekile izesekeli, izingubo, okunomsoco nokuthi ungayakha kanjani induduzo lapho isimo sezezimali singakuvumeli. (Isebenziseka kalula ukufunda - "Ungayibhala kanjani i-resume yomsebenzi")

Ngempela, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izindleko, kuyadingeka hlela izimo zokuphila, sebenzisa imali kwezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwaukuzama ukunikeza izinga elifanele lemfundo. Esimweni esinjalo, imindeni eminingi izitholele isisombululo esamukelekayo ngokubhekela isimo ukuthola usizo. Ngakho-ke, sinqume ukubhala le ndatshana mayelana nemali yokubeletha futhi sanquma ukubheka izingqinamba ezibalulekile ezikhathaza imindeni eminingi.

Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda:

• Ungayithola kanjani imali yokubeletha ukwenza ngcono izimo zezindlu;
• Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo ukuthola (ukwenza ngokusemthethweni) imali yokubeletha;
• Ngubani okufanelekile ukusebenzisa isitifiketi sokubeletha;
• Ungayikhipha kanjani imali yokubeletha;
• Konke mayelana nemali yokubeletha yokuthenga imoto. Ungayithenga kanjani imoto enezimali zokubeletha?
• njll.

1. Yini imali yokubelethisa mat

Kusukela ngo-2007 kwahlelwa uhlelo olukhethekile lokusiza imindeni emikhulu yaseRussia ekhulisa izingane. Ingqikithi yayo ukuthi ekuzalweni (ukwamukela) owokuqala, wesibili noma ingane elandelayo, kubizwa inani elithile lemaliekhokhwayo. Le ndlela yokukhuthaza umndeni ayivumelanga nje kuphela omama nobaba abalindelekile ukuthi bazethembe kakhulu ngokuzayo, kepha futhi iguqule ngokuphawulekayo isimo sabantu ezweni ngendlela efanele.

Manje usungahlela kusengaphambili umkhombandlela wokusetshenziswa kwezimali, ngokuya ngemigomo yohlelo, ukuqonda ukuthi umbuso uzonikeza usizo.

Isikhathi sokuqalisa sephrojekthi enjalo sabalwa iminyaka eyi-10 futhi Imali yokubelethisa ngo-2016 bekufanele ngabe ayisekho... Kepha, ngokubheka ukuhambisana kwezicelo kanye nokukhishwa kwezitifiketi, udaba lokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo, izimo eziguqukayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinkomba zokusebenzisa imali eyabiwe kwabekwa phambili ukuze kuxoxiswane ngalo.

Ngakho-ke buyini usayizi wemali yokubeletha ngo-2020? Yini ongayichitha ikomkhulu lokubeletha, onikezwa umndeni osemncane? Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo yalokhu? Futhi kukhona yini icala lokwephula imigomo yohlelo?

2. Ingqikithi nokusetshenziswa kwemali yokubeletha mat

Uhlelo oluqondiwe, ithuthukiswe ngufuthi kwethulwe futhi ku Unyaka we-2007 futhi iya ngokuya ithandwa namuhla. Inhloso yalo eyinhloko kwakuwukukhokhwa kwemali eyimali, ekhonjwe minyaka yonke, kuleyo mindeni lapho kuzalwa noma kwamukelwa izingane zokuqala, zesibili, zesithathu nezilandelayo kusukela ngoJanuwari 1.

Ngemuva kokuqoqa iphakethe elidingekayo lemibhalo abazali babahambisa egatsheni lasendaweni lesikhwama sempesheni, bathola isitifiketi sefomu elikhethekile. Ungathola imali okufanele uyikhokhele kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3... Kepha, ngokubheka isidingo sokukhokha imali mboleko noma utshalomali oluphuthumayo ekwakhiweni, imigomo ekhonjisiwe ingaguqulwa kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, yini ongayisebenzisa ngemali yakho yokubeletha? Isishayamthetho kusukela ekuqaleni saphakamisa Izindlela ezi-3 ukusetshenziswa kwemali enqwabelene:

1. Ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila... Kwakufanele bathenge ama-square metres abo ngendlela yefulethi noma indlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaqhubeka nokulungisa, uqale ukwakha noma ukhokhe ingxenye yemalimboleko yempahla yokwehlisa inani lenzalo etholakele.
2. Ukuthola imfundo... Lesi siqondiso sisiza ukukhokhela zonke izinsizakalo ezihlobene nemfundo yengane. Lesi yisikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo, kusuka enkulisa kuze kuphele ngamanyuvesi nezikhungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwe ukuthi uye esikoleni somculo ngisho nasezifundweni zolimi lwangaphandle.
3. Ukulondolozwa kwempesheni... Imali etholakele ingasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa impesheni kamama.

Manje, inhlokodolobha yokubeletha ithola esinye isisekelo esivumela ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngaphansi kwesitifiketi. Umndeni osemncane, ngokubona kwawo, unganikeza ingane ukuzivumelanisa nezenhlalo nokuhlanganiswa kwezingane ezikhubazekile emphakathini, uma kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isidingo sokulinda ukuphela kweminyaka emithathu. Kwanele ukufaka isicelo emnyangweni wesikhwama sempesheni, unikeze yonke imibhalo edingekayo.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani, udinga ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi ngubani onelungelo lokulusebenzisa.

Kulokhu, umthetho wahlinzekela ukuhlinzekwa kwezigaba ezilandelayo zezakhamizi:

• Abesifazaneabanobuzwe baseRussia futhi, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2007, babelethe noma bamukela ingane yabo yokuqala, yesibili neyalandela.
• Abesilisa, abanobuzwe baseRussia futhi nomyalelo wenkantolo, okhombisa ukuthi nguyena oba ukuphela komzali wokutholwa wengane yokuqala noma yimuphi umntwana olandelayo.
• Umzali wokutholwa noma ubaba ngubani owathola ilungelo likamama lokufaka isicelo sesitifiketi, okwathi ngezizathu ezahlukene inkantolo yaphuca amalungelo obuzali okukhulisa izingane.
• Izingane ezincaneabafunda ngokuzimela ngokugcwele kuze kube bafika eminyakeni engama-23, lapho inkantolo iphuca bobabili abazali amalungelo abo obuzali.

Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ngaphandle kwesimo emndenini, uma ingane yokuqala, yesibili noma elandelayo izalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sohlelo, ungafaka ngokuphepha ukuthi uthole imali ngaphansi kwesitifiketi. Okuza kuqala, yiqiniso omamabese uxhuma ubaba noma umzali wokutholwa futhi kamuva kuphela umbuzo unqunywa ngokuvumelana izingane.

Ukufunda izimo zohlelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kuhloswe ngokuphelele ukuguqula isimo esinzima sezezimali noma ukuvumela indawo yokuhlala, ukutholwa imfundo, ukwelashwa, noma namanje ukwenyuka kwenani lempesheni ekhokhelwe ngokuzayo.

Kepha, kunama-nuances amaningi okudingeka uwaqaphele.

1. Ilungelo lokuthola imali... Inikezwa kanye kuphela empilweni futhi ayisebenzi kuyo yonke ingane elandelayo ezelwe.
2. Inkomba... Ngokwesinqumo sokuqala sezishayamthetho, imali yokubelethisa (yomndeni) minyaka yonke ishintsha inani layo liye phezulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, noma yibuphi ubukhulu abuhlanganisi isidingo sokushintsha isitifiketi noma sokwenza ushintsho kuso.
3. Imigomo yokufaka isicelo... Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lona kanye iqiniso lokuzalwa kwengane linikeza ilungelo lokufaka isicelo egatsheni lendawo lesikhwama sempesheni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma ngemuva kwesikhathi eside. Lokho wukuthi, ubunzima besimo sempilo, isidingo sokushintsha indawo yokuhlala noma ezinye izizathu ezenza kube yinto ephambili ukuxazulula ubunzima obuvelayo akusona isizathu sokwenqaba isitifiketi, ngoba isikhathi sithathwa njengesilahlekile noma sesidlulile isikhathi. Unelungelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuxhumana nabasebenzi besikhwama ukuthola uhlu lwamadokhumenti adingekayo ukwethulwa.
4. Ukuchithwa kwezimali... Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi noma ngabe, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ubudala yengane, ungenalo ithuba lokusebenzisa ngokushesha inani elinikeziwe ngenxa yezizathu zakho, lapho-ke usenelungelo, ongalisebenzisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Okusho ukuthi, asikho isikhathi esingadlula isikhathi.
5. Intela... Uhlelo lucatshangelwa ukuze kuthi lapho uthola imali yanoma iyiphi yezindawo ezikhethiwe, kungabikho sidingo sokukhokha intela kule mali. Kuvela ukuthi umnikazi wesitifiketi somndeni akakhokhiswa intela yomuntu ngamunye.
6. Ukulahleka kwedokhumenti... Uma bekunesimo lapho kulahleka khona isitifiketi, kuzodingeka uxhumane nesikhwama sempesheni sendawo, lapho nakanjani bezokhipha impinda.
7. Ukuqedwa... Lesi simo senzeka uma umnikazi wesitifiketi atholakele efa noma ephucwa amalungelo obuzali enganeni leyo ukuzalwa noma ukutholwa kwayo okubandakanya ukuqoqwa kwemali. Futhi, isimo lapho kwenziwe khona ngamabomu ubugebengu obenziwa ezinganeni noma ukuzilimaza kukuvumela ukuthi uphonse inselelo ngelungelo lokuba nenhlokodolobha yokubeletha.
8. Ukusebenza kwesitifiketi... Kuqinisekiswa kuphela ngokuba khona kukamazisi.
9. Imali ekhishwayo... Izenzo zalolu hlobo ngaphansi kohlelo losizo lomndeni azikho emthethweni futhi ziyajeziswa. Zonke izibalo, ukudluliswa kanye nezinkokhelo zenziwa ngokudluliswa kwebhange.

3. Usayizi kanye nenkomba yemali yokubeletha 📈

Ngesikhathi sohlelo, kusukela ngo-2007, inani elinikezwa umamukeli likhonjiswa njalo.

Ngakho-ke uma, noma kunjalo kwanqunywa ukuthi kunikezwe usizo enanini le- 250000 ama-ruble, bese ku ekuqaleni kuka-2020 konyaka kwanda kuze kufike ku-616 617 ruble (eyengane yesibili) kanye Ama-ruble angama-466 617 enganeni yokuqala ... Lolu shintsho luhambisana nesimo somnotho ezweni, ukwanda kwezindleko zokuphila, ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yokudla, izimpahla, izinsizakalo, imfundo.

Sekuyiminyaka eyi-10, sithole isibalo sokugcina, sikhuphuke cishe kathathu... Kepha ngo-2020, uhulumeni waseRussia emhlanganweni wakhe olandelayo wanquma ukukhulisa inkokhelo yokuzalwa kwengane yesi-2, kanye nokuqokwa kwezinkokhelo zokuzalwa kwengane yokuqala.

Ithebula lezinguquko ngosayizi wezinkokhelo ezinkulu zokubeletha kwengane yesibili neyolandelayo:

Inani lezinkokhelo ezinkulu zokubeletha
Unyaka we-2007	Ama-ruble angama-250,000
Unyaka we-2008	Ama-ruble angama-276 250
unyaka ka-2009	Ama-ruble angama-312 162
Unyaka we-2010	343,378 ruble
2011	Ama-ruble angama-365 698
unyaka we-2012	387 640 ama-ruble
unyaka we-2013	Ama-ruble angama-408 960
unyaka we-2014	Ama-ruble angama-429 408
Unyaka we-2015	Ama-ruble angama-453,026
Unyaka we-2016	Ama-ruble angama-453,026
Unyaka we-2017	Ama-ruble angama-453,026
Unyaka we-2018	Ama-ruble angama-453,026
Unyaka we-2019	Ama-ruble angama-453,026
Unyaka we-2020	Ama-ruble angama-616 617 (engane yesibili) Ama-ruble angama-466 617 (engane yokuqala)

Imali yomama ngo-2020 izoba ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-616 617 (ngokuzalwa kwengane yesibili) kanye nama-ruble ayi-466 ayizinkulungwane ezingama-617 (enganeni yokuqala).

Kuze kube manje, ngaphansi kwemigomo yohlelo lokulwa nobunzima elenzelwe uhulumeni wethu Iminyaka engu-2020, kungenzeka ukuthola inkokhelo yanyanga zonke evela ezimali zesitifiketi sabazali (uma kuphakama imibandela ethile).

Njengoba wazi, imali yokubeletha ye-2020 ingasetshenziswa ku- 4 izinkomba... Ngamunye wabo unezici zawo kanye nemikhawulo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungazi hhayi kuphela ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani kahle izimali zesikhathi esizayo, kepha nokuthi umthetho wethu uvimbela ini.

4. Imali yokubelethisa yokwenza ngcono izimo zezindlu - izindlela zokufaka isicelo 📋

Kwesinye isikhathi kuba ngumsebenzi owesabekayo emndenini osemncane ukuthola owakho amamitha ayisikwele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imali etholwe ngabashadayo isetshenziselwa ukuhleleka kwempilo, okunomsoco, ukuthengwa kwezingubo, isevisi yemoto, ukuhlinzeka ingane, ngazo zonke lezi zindleko, akunakwenzeka ukonga inani elidingekayo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa imali yokubeletha ukwenza ngcono izimo zezindlu

Imali yokubelethisa yokwenza ngcono izimo zezindlu, ekhishwe ngaphansi kohlelo lombuso, isiza ukuxazulula le nkinga futhi iba yisisekelo esihle sokwenza okuthile.

Ngokuvamile, lesi siqondiso sithatha izikhundla eziyisi-4 eziyinhloko:

1. Ukuthengwa kwendawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kungaba ukuthenga indlu ngemali yokubeletha, amafulethi athengwe emakethe yesibili, noma izakhiwo ezintsha.
2. Ukwakhiwa komuntu ngamunye. Lesi simo sibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwendlu yangasese yokuhlala okuqhubekayo.
3. Ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni okwabiwe ngakho. Lokhu kutshalwa kwemali entweni ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesisekelo sayo noma umsebenzi wokwakha.
4. Ukwakhiwa kabusha. Sebenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sezindlu.

Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi umuntu angakwazi Yakha, noma ngokushesha thenga, futhi uma kunesidingo futhi yakha kabusha indawo yokuhlala, lapho wonke umndeni uzohlala khona kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izibalo zakho ezihlobene nezikhungo zesikweletu ekuthengweni kwezindlu nazo zingaphansi kokubuyekezwa ngaphansi kwemigomo yesitifiketi.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila nge-materkapital kungukutshala imali okunenzuzo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ekugcineni uzoba nezindawo ongazilahla ngazo ngokunenzuzo (ukuqasha, ukuthengisa, njll.). Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde indatshana yethu - "Ungatshala kuphi imali ukuze uthole futhi uthole imali engenayo nyangazonke"

Ungakwazi, ngaphandle kokulinda iminyaka emithathu ubudala khokha imali ekhokhelwa ingane yakho lapho uthola imalimboleko, ukhokhe isikweletu esikhulu nenzalo yemalimboleko. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le mali ayisebenzi ukukhokhwa kwenhlawulo, izinhlawulo noma ukubambezeleka.

Ukuthengwa kwezindlu zekhanda lokubeletha

Ngokwesibonelo, uhlela ukusebenzisa le mali ehlongozwayo ekuthengeni izindlu nomhlaba. Cabanga ngama-nuances amaningi avela enqubeni yokufuna izindlu nokwenza amadili ngayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ngento ngayinye kubhekisa ezimeni zayo:

1. Ukuthengwa kwendlu... Ukuthenga ibhilidi elisha kukuphoqa ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela inkontileka eyenziwe ngesakhiwo sezindlu futhi uqiniseke ukusinquma ukuhambisana nomthetho wesifundazwe onguNombolo 214 "Ekuhlanganyeleni ekwakhiweni okwabelwana ngakho kwezakhiwo zamafulethi nezinye izinto ezithengiswayo." Ukuthengiselana ngezindlu emakethe yesibili kuzodinga imvume yomnikazi ukuthi akhokhe ingxenye yezindleko ngezimali ezinkulu zokubeletha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, okwenziwe kuzothathwa njengokungekho emthethweni. Futhi-ke, isifiso sakho sokungazibandakanyi izinhlangano zezikweletu kulo magazini sizohlehlisa izinhlelo ze 3 iminyaka... Ngemininingwane engaphezulu yokuthi ungayithenga kanjani indlu enezimali zokubeletha, sibhale ku-athikili ethi "Ukuthenga ifulethi elinenhlokodolobha yokubeletha - imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo."
2. Ukuthengwa kwekhaya... Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amatayitela analesi sakhiwo isimo sokuhlala, futhi yaguqulelwa ukuhlala unyaka wonke. Isiza somhlaba esingaphansi kwaso sinqunywa yisimo esithi "umhlaba wokwakhiwa kwezindlu ngazinye". Uma yonke imicikilisho ihlangatshezwa, lapho-ke esivumelwaneni sokuthenga nokuthengisa, qiniseka ukuthi uhlukanisa indlu nomhlaba ngokwawo ngenani. Njengoba kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukusebenzisa nokusebenzisa imali kuphela enanini lesakhiwo, uma kungenjalo kuthathwa njengokungekho emthethweni futhi kushushiswa njengokwephula umthetho.
3. Ukutholwa kwesabelo sezindlu... Imali yemali yokubeletha ikuvumela ukuthi uthenge ingxenye yempahla ngamasheya, uma ibekwe njengokuthile okuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kunezindlu zabanikazi be-2 noma amakamelo ahlukile, aphansi kakhulu ngezindleko futhi angathathwa njengenketho. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sabelo sihlukaniswe nezinye izakhiwo futhi sibhalwe phansi. Ngendlela, ngisho namabhange akhipha imali ebolekiwe yokuthengwa kwempahla enjalo.
4. Ukuthengwa komhlaba... Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukutholwa okunjalo ngeke kwenzeke, ngoba asikho isisekelo esisemthethweni salolu hlelo oluhlongozwayo.

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Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zemali yokubeletha

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu nakho kungenziwa 2 (okubili) izindlela eziyinhloko:

Inhlangano enenkontileka... Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa nguye kufanele iqashelwe esilinganisweni, esichaza ngokusobala izindleko eziphelele ezihlongozwayo zokukhokha. Kulokhu, lonke inani elidingekayo liyabiwa futhi lidluliselwe kosonkontileka.

Ukuzakhela... Le ndlela ithatha imigomo ekhethekile yokukhokha. Ngaye, umndeni uthola kusukela ekuqaleni 50% wenani lemali, bese kuthi, emva kwezinyanga eziyi-6, imali esele isikhokhelwe. Umbuso uthatha ithuba lokwenza wonke umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuqala kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, uwaqinisekisa ngemibhalo, bese umane uthola isinxephezelo.

Funda kabanzi ku-athikili - "Ungayithola kanjani futhi uyisebenzise kanjani imali yokubeletha ukwakha indlu"

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Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenhlokodolobha yokubeletha

Ukwakha kabusha kuhlinzekelwa ngumthetho. Kubandakanya ukwanda kwendawo yokuhlala ngokwakha kabusha izakhiwo eziyinhloko.

Lapha ungakwazi ukuguqula ekamelweni elisophahleni, dala isandiso, wandise indlu.

Ungasebenza ngale ndlela Ngezinyathelo ezi-3 eziyisisekelo.

Isinyathelo # 1. Thola ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwethu kungokwesigaba ngempela yini "Ukwakhiwa kabusha". Ngamanye amagama, lokhu kungukuhlelwa kabusha kwephrojekthi ngosizo lomsebenzi wokwakha, okukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zendlu. Lokhu kwenza umnikazi akwazi ukusebenzisa indawo kahle.

Isimo esiyinhloko sokuthi uzokulethela isikhwama sempesheni – kuzoba nokwanda endaweni... Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukulungiswa kwebhanali okhulelwe kuzothathwa njengokungekho emthethweni uma usebenzisa izimali ezinkulu zokubeletha.

Mina, indawo yokugeza, indishi yangasese, ifenisha, ophahleni futhi ukulungiswa kabusha kodonga ngeke ibe yisisekelo sokwabiwa kwemali.

Isinyathelo # 2. Sinquma imithombo yezimali.

Lokhu kwakhiwa kabusha kungenziwa Izindlela ezi-3 ezihlukene, kulokhu futhi indlela yokukhokha izohluka.

Okokuqala, umsebenzi ozimele. Lapha silindela iminyaka emithathu, bese sithatha imali yokusebenza, noma siyisebenzise ngezindleko zethu, sikhokhela ezinye izindleko.

Okwesibili, ukucubungulwa kwemali mboleko. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali lapha ngaphansi kohlelo akunakwenzeka. Umthetho awuhlinzeki ngokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko ngale ndlela.

Okwesithathu, umsebenzi wosonkontileka. Ngokwemigomo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuheha izinhlangano ezivela eceleni. Wonke umsebenzi kumele wenziwe ngaphandle kokukhokhela usizo lochwepheshe. Kanye nangesikhathi sokwakhiwa, 50% inani lidluliselwa ku-akhawunti ye-cutoff, futhi imali esele isiza kamuva, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba yisithupha.

Isinyathelo 3. Siqoqa imibhalo. Udinga ukuhlinzeka:

• Ikhophi yemvume yokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu;
• Isitifiketi sobunikazi bendlu nekhophi yayo;
• Isitifiketi semali yokubeletha, nekhophi yaso;
• Umazisi;
• Isitifiketi sobunikazi bomhlaba nekhophi yawo;
• Ubufakazi bobunikazi obujwayelekile bendlu yomndeni.

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Njengoba bezikhethele ngokwabo ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokuphila, imali ebekelwe isitifiketi ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kuya ngesimo sakho samanje kanye neziphakamiso ezicatshangelwayo.

1. Ukutholwa kwendlu ngemali... Le inketho elula futhi engabizi kakhulu. Into esemqoka lapha ukuthola indawo yokuhlala efanele izimo zezinhlelo bese uvumelana nomthengisi ngendlela efanayo yokufaka imali. Ufaka isicelo esikhwameni sempesheni, uqoqe imibhalo edingekayo, ubhale isicelo, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa inani elidingekayo lizodluliselwa kwi-akhawunti yomthengisi. Lapho wenza ukuthengiselana okunjalo, kuzodingeka ukwenze ikhophi lesivumelwano sokuthengisa, isitifiketi sobunikazi futhi khipha egumbini lokubhalisa ukuthi ngesikhathi kuthengiswa ifulethi lalingenazo ezinye izigaxa ezengeziwe.
2. Ukukhokhwa kwesitolimende sokuqala esivumelwaneni semalimboleko noma sempahla... Uma uthenga izindlu ngaphansi kwezimo zempahla ebanjiswayo, isitolimende sokuqala kufanele sikhokhwe ngaphandle kwezimali zomuntu siqu. Ngemuva kwalokho siqoqa yonke imibhalo edingekayo yesikhwama sempesheni, sinamathisele isitifiketi esivela ebhange mayelana nokuba khona kwesikweletu futhi imali yezimali zokubeletha ithunyelwa kule akhawunti. Uma, noma kunjalo, ingekho imali yesitolimende sokuqala, lapho-ke kungakhishwa imalimboleko kucatshangelwa uhlelo ngokuya ngemibandela ethile. Okokuqala, inani lenkokhelo yokuqala alikwazi ukweqa umkhawulo wakho osungulwe kusitifiketi. Futhi, okwesibili, izindleko zendawo yokuhlala ongafaka isicelo kuyobekwa ngokususelwa kusayizi omaphakathi weholo lakho elisemthethweni enanini lemali. Ngendlela, kunezinye izindlela ongasithatha ngayo isibambiso ngaphandle kokukhokha phansi - sabhala ngabo ngokuningiliziwe phambilini kwenye yendatshana zethu.
3. Ukukhokhwa kwemali yokungena yokuthenga ifulethi esakhiweni esakhiwayo... Ngesikhathi sokuthengiselana, ngaphezu kokuthi ubala isitifiketi, kufanele futhi ube nemali esandleni, okugcina kuyinani eligcwele lokuthenga. Uphetha isivumelwano sokuthenga nokuthengisa, usibhalise ngokwemithetho yezwe lethu bese uqoqa yonke imibhalo edingekayo yesikhwama sempesheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, isicelo sakho siyabhekwa futhi kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-5 izimali zidluliselwe ku-akhawunti ebekiwe.
4. Ukukhokhwa kwenhloko nenzalo yemalimboleko... Isimo esibalulekile sosizo olunje oluvela kuhulumeni ukuthi lelo fulethi olithengayo kufanele libhaliswe kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akekho noyedwa kubasebenzi besikhwama sempesheni ozoba nomthwalo onjalo.

Ukufundiswa kwezingane

Ukuthola imfundo manje sekuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokukhula kwengane, futhi njengoba wazi, izindleko ezinjalo zengeza enanini elikhulu. Udinga ukuzikhokhela ukuqeqeshwa, indawo yokuhlala, amakilasi angeziwe ngisho nokuyisa umfundi esikoleni noma enkulisa. Vele, ngeke kukwazi ukumboza zonke izindawo, kepha noma kunjalo, usizo oluvela kuhulumeni luzobaluleka uma unesitifiketi.

Ngendlela, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi umama angahlela ukusebenzisa imali hhayi kuphela ingane ephendukayo 3 iminyaka, kodwa futhi nezinye izingane zabo ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala.

Noma izimali ezikule ndlela zingasetshenziswanga ngokugcwele, inani elisele lingabhekiswa kulo ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokuphila noma impesheni yakho.

Le nzuzo yezenhlalakahle ingasetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvakashelwa yingane enkulisa noma esikhungweni esikhethekile sokuthuthuka;
• Ukuthola imfundo yesibili neyaphezulu;
• Ukuqeqeshwa ezifundweni eziqabulayo noma ezifundweni zolimi;
• Ukukhokhelwa komculo, isikole sobuciko;
• Indawo yokuhlala ehostela;
• Ezinye izindleko ezihlobene nokuqeqeshwa.

Zonke izimali ezidingekayo zidluliselwa kuma-akhawunti akhethekile okukhokha ekhelini lesikhungo elishiwo enkontilekeni. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola lezo zinkokhelo ngokheshi.

Ngendlela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ukuthi isikhungo noma ikolishi olikhethayo lihlangabezana nazo zonke izimo zohlelo.

Izimo ezi-3 kuphela:

1. Isikhungo semfundo kumele sibekwe endaweni yeRussian Federation;
2. Yiba nokugunyazwa kombuso ngokuqondiswa kokufunda okuhlongozwayo
3. Yiba nemvume nawo wonke amalungelo wokunikeza uhlobo olufanele nefomethi yezinsizakalo zemfundo.

Ngokuya ngalezi zimo, asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ingane ingalunyulwa phesheya. Ungasebenzisa izimali ngokuya ngesitifiketi ngokushesha nangakwezinye izingxenye, ukhokha inani elidingekayo minyaka yonke.

Ukuze isikhwama sempesheni sinikeze imvume yaso ngalesi siqondiso esikhethwe nguwe, udinga ukuqoqa iphakethe lamadokhumenti, afaka:

• isitifiketi esinikeza ilungelo lokusebenzisa izimali zikamama (zomndeni);
• umazisi, ezimweni eziningi uyiphasiphothi;
• ukubhaliswa unomphela lapho uhlala khona noma okwesikhashana lapho uhlala endaweni;
• Ama-SNILS womnikazi wesitifiketi;
• isitatimende esibhalwe ngesandla senhloso yokusebenzisa imali ngendlela ebekiwe;
• isivumelwano sokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zemfundo ezikhokhelwayo noma ukuya enkulisa;
• ikhophi yesitifiketi sokugunyazwa sesikhungo osithandayo. Kufanele iqinisekiswe ngummeli olungisa izivumelwano;
• isivumelwano sokuqashisa igumbi lokuphumula ehostela. Kumele yethulwe uma kunesidingo sokwenza izinkokhelo zesikhathi sokuhlala esizayo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthatha isitifiketi esisho ukuthi iqiniso lokuhlala liqinisekisiwe.

Ukuze zonke izinkokhelo zenzeke ngesikhathi esifanele, zidinga ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, uma unyaka wangempela ukuwe - lesi yisikhathi sokungena enyuvesibese ngaphezulu kuze kube uMeyi 1 kuyafaneleka ukubhala isitatimende ku-Pension Fund mayelana nezinhloso zakho, bese kamuva uletha yonke imibhalo edingekayo.

Usebenzisa le ndlela, uzokwazi ukuthola imali ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngosuku lwakamuva kakhulu lokudlulisa kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 1.

Vele, izimo zingahluka, kepha uma kwenzeka ushintsha umqondo noma kunezimo ezenza imfundo kulesi sikhungo semfundo ingenzeki, ungasikhansela isicelo sokuhlinzekwa ngezimali.

Okubalulekile ungakwenzi kamuva 2 izinyanga kusukela ngosuku lokufaka isicelo sokuqala. Noma ingane yakho ixoshwa ngenxa yokusebenza kabi ezifundweni noma ukungaziphathi kahle, kufanele uyeke ukukhokha.

Esimweni esiza ikhefu lokufunda noma ukuhumusha kwabafundi yazisa abasebenzi besikhwama sempesheni ngalokhu futhi bazokwenza izinguquko kuwe ngokwezimo.

Ukwakheka kwempesheni kamama

Le nkomba ayithandwa kakhulu kunezinye, kepha isakuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule inani lezinkokhelo ezincike empeshenini yakho yangomuso. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isitifiketi ungasilahla ngokuthanda kwakho, futhi yingakho kulula ukuthola yonke imali ekhishwe nguhulumeni nengxenye yawo.

Isibonelo, ungafundisa ingane eyunivesithi, nazo zonke izimali ezingasetshenziswanga zishiye engxenyeni exhasiwe.

Ukuze usebenzise imali yokubeletha ekwakhekeni kwempesheni, kufanele uqoqe iphakethe lemibhalo elilandelayo:

• isitifiketi;
• isitatimende sefomu sokukhishwa kwezimali;
• umazisi;
• SNILS.

Konje, thola ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo kungaba lapho Izindlela ezi-2:

1. Inkokhelo ephuthumayo yempesheni;
2. Inkokhelo evela engxenyeni exhaswe yempesheni yokuguga kukamama.

Isiqondisi sokuqala sakhiwa kuphela ngezindleko zokutshalwa kwemali komuntu siqu futhi ukuncishiswa komqashi akuhlangene nakancane nakho. Isikhathi sokukhokha okunjalo sinqunywa nguwe uqobo, kepha ngokomthetho, ngeke seqe iminyaka eyishumi.

Inketho yesibili ikhokhelwa impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathazekile ngesimo somnotho esinzima ezweni futhi ucabanga ukuthi zonke izimali ezihlehlisiwe zingavele zehle, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu salokhu.

ERussia, kunomthetho ongathola ngawo yonke imali elondolozwayo ngenxa yezinkokhelo kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Uma ngabe kunqunywe ukuthi kuthunyelwe izimali ekwakheni imali eyongelwe impesheni, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba yamukelwe, ukufa, khona-ke izindlalifa eziqondile zingasebenzisa leli lungelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubaba noma umzali wokutholwa, futhi ingane uqobo lwayo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezenhlalo nokuhlanganiswa kwezingane ezikhubazekile emphakathini

Kusukela ngo-2016, lesi siqondiso besilokhu sanda ngokuthandwa kakhulu. Yenzelwe ukuthi izingane ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu ekukhuleni zithole ithuba lokuhamba ngezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukulungisa isimo. Kubandakanya imigomo nemibandela ejwayelekile.

Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kucace ukuthi yini umama angathembela kuyo lapho ethatha isinqumo sokukhetha le ndlela yokusebenzisa imali enqunyiwe.

1. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngethuba lokungalindi ukuqala kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala, kepha ukukhokhela yonke imisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye.
2. Abahlanganyeli. Uma kunesidingo, ukusekelwa okunjalo kwezenhlalo emndenini kunganikezwa noma iyiphi ingane ekhubazekile, eyazalwa futhi yamukelwa. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi ungowokuqala noma owesibili, futhi mhlawumbe nasezinganeni eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
3. Amathuba wokuthenga. Kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lokuvuselela olufaka phakathi uhlu lwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezivunyelwe uhulumeni waseRussia. Ngakho-ke, izimali ezichithwe kubo zizobuyiselwa ngokuphelele.
4. Isiqinisekiso sokuthenga okwenziwe. Noma ikuphi ukuthenga okwenziwe nguwe akufanele kube nesisekelo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kufanele kube nedokhumende elisho usuku, inani, ikheli kanye nenani lezimpahla. Kungaba irejista yemali noma irisidi yokuthengisa, inkontileka yokuthengisa. Uma kunesidingo, isigungu esiphezulu esigunyaziwe sezinhlangano zeRussian Federation of social direction singahlola, lapho kwenziwa khona isenzo, esibonisa ukutholakala komkhiqizo othengiwe wengane ekhubazekile.
5. Insiza. uma ukutholwa kungathinti izimpahla, kepha insiza uqobo lwayo ngqo, khona-ke lokhu kubonakala esivumelwaneni sokuhlinzekwa kwayo, esiphetha ngqo nenhlangano uqobo, enamalungelo anjalo. Ukunemba kokwenza isivumelwano esinjalo kuqinisekiswa ngumthetho weRussia Federation, futhi izinsizakalo ngokwazo kufanele zihloselwe ngqo ukujwayela umphakathi nokuhlanganiswa kwezingane ezikhubazekile emphakathini.
6. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi njengamanje ezweni lethu sekuvele kukhona Umthetho Kahulumeni onguNombolo 181-FZ "Ekuvikelekeni komphakathi kwabantu abakhubazekile eRussia Federation", ekuvumela ukuthi unikeze usizo, kufaka phakathi izingane. Ngenxa yakhe, ungathola usizo lwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, izindlela zokuvuselela, izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezinikezwe ngohlu olukhethekile. Yingakho, ukhetha lesi siqondiso, akunakwenzeka ukukhokhela lezo zimpahla ngesitifiketi semali yokubeletha, ngoba sezivele zinezimali ezabiwe kwisabelomali sikahulumeni.

Indawo yokuqala yomsebenzi walesi siqondiso ngoJanuwari 1, 2016. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lezi zinhlu zizongezwa, futhi nemithetho yokuhambisa imali izosetshenzwa ngokusobala.

5. Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo ukuthola imali yokubeletha - uhlu lwamadokhumenti adingekayo 📄

Yimiphi imibhalo edingekayo ukuthola (ukwenza ngokusemthethweni) imali yokubeletha - uhlu lwamadokhumenti

Lapho uthinta isikhwama sempesheni, uzocelwa ukuthi uqoqe iphakethe lamadokhumenti, ngesisekelo lapho ikhomishini edalwe ngokukhethekile izocubungula udaba lokuthi kungenzeka unikeze isitifiketi.

Ngokuvamile, abukho ubunzima lapha futhi ungavakashela ngokuzimela izimo ezidingekayo.

Manje imiphi imibhalo edingekayo ukuthola imali yokubeletha?

1. Iphasipoti yomfakisicelo. Uyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi bakho, ngakho-ke yenza amakhophi ekhasi eliyinhloko, isiqeshana sephepha ngokubhaliswa kanye nezingane.
2. Izitifiketi zokuzalwa zazo zonke izingane.
3. Isitifiketi somshado.
4. SNILS hhayi wena kuphela, kodwa nezingane.
5. Isitifiketi sokutholwa, uma senzeka empilweni yakho.
6. Isitatimende.

Zama phambili wenze wonke amakhophi imibhalo, lokhu kwenza lula inqubo yokubhalisa futhi konga isikhathi. Uma ushada futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uthola isitifiketi sokuqeda umshado wangaphambilini bese uthatha isitifiketi ehhovisi lokubhalisa ngalelo fomu № 28, okuqinisekisa iqiniso lokuthi umshado wokuqala wenzeka.

Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi isibongo sengane asifani nesakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphezu kwesitifiketi sokuzalwa, kuzodingeka unikeze ngemibhalo eqinisekisa ubuhlobo bakho. Lesi kungaba isitifiketi somshado noma isitifiketi sesehlukaniso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukubheka lokho ku- isitifikedi sokuzalwa sengane ngemuva kwakunesitembu esimqaphelayo Ubuzwe baseRussia.

Nini, lapho omele umthetho ubaba noma umzali wokutholwa, lapho-ke kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kudlule:

1. Isitifiketi sokushona sikamama wengane,
2. Isinqumo sabaphathi esiphethe ngokuphucwa amalungelo omama,
3. Isahlulelo sokumemezela ukuthi umama ushonile,
4. Ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso lecala elenzelwe izingane. Ngokunokwenzeka lokhu futhi kuzoba yisinqumo senkantolo.

Ngokwalolu hlelo, ilungelo lokuthola isitifiketi kubaba lingaphasa ngokusemthethweni, kuya ngesimo emndenini. Uma bobabili abazali befa, khona-ke kungabhekwana nodaba lwemali yokubeletha izingane uqobo.

Manje umbuzo uwukuthi imiphi imibhalo edingekayo ukubhalisa imali yokubelethaifundwe ngokugcwele. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi inqubo uqobo lwayo yenzeka kanjani, sinikezwa siphi isikhathi futhi ngubani onelungelo lokwenza zonke izenzo ezidingekayo kuwe.

Empeleni, umthetho wawuhlinzeka Izindlela ezi-4 zokuhambisa imibhalo:

• isikhalazo somuntu siqu;
• ukuposa;
• ingosi yezinsizakalo zomphakathi;
• ummeli wezomthetho.

Indlela yenombolo 1. Isikhalazo somuntu siqu

Inqubo ilula kakhulu lapha. Uqoqa wonke amadokhumenti, wenze amakhophi awo bese uya esikhwameni sempesheni. Lapho uzodinga ukugcwalisa ifomu lesicelo sokuthola imali yokubeletha.

Ngendlela, ukuze ungachithi isikhathi sakho, iya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, landa ifomu bese uyizama ekhaya, endaweni ekhululekile, faka yonke idatha edingekayo kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzohlala ukubhala kabusha yonke into ngesikhathi sokuvakasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe uzohlola konke okudlulisile.

Isitifiketi sikhishwa kungakapheli nenyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzobizwa noma uthumele incwadi yesaziso. Kunoma ikuphi, umphumela wesaziso esinjalo kuzoba usuku nesikhathi lapho umbhalo ungalandwa khona.

Indlela yenombolo 2. Ukuthumela imeyili

Lapha uzonikezwa ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuthumela izincwadi. Ungakhetha noma yikuphi kokukhethwa kukho: okwenziwe ngokwezifiso noma okuyigugu. Kunoma ikuphi, yonke imibhalo enamathiselwe izoqinisekiswa ukulethwa kumamukeli. Uzonikezwa irisidi lokuthunyelwa, bese obhalisayo ezocelwa irisidi.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke idatha oyicacisile ilungile. Buka ikhodi ye-zip, amakheli, igama lomamukeli. Irisidi oyinikezwe lizobukeka njengesheke, lapho kunenombolo ekhethekile evumela ukuthi ulandele ukuhamba kwencwadi ethunyelwe.

Indlela yenombolo 3. Ingosi yezinsizakalo zikahulumeni

Into yokuqala ozodinga ukuyenza lokhu ukubhalisa kungosi. Kudinga izinto ezinjenge:

• SNILS,
• ipasipoti,
• Ikheli le-imeyili,
• Inombolo yocingo.

Yonke idatha ifakwa ngendlela ekhethekile, ngemuva kwalokho ikhodi itholwa ngendlela ye-SMS. Uma ukuxhumana kungatholakali ngalesi sikhathi, isistimu izophinda umlayezo ekhelini le-imeyili.

Manje sicindezela inkinobho yokuqinisekisa bese siza nephasiwedi yethu. Ngemuva kokungena ku-portal, hlela imininingwane yakho ngokuningiliziwe ukuze imininingwane ihlolwe ngePension Fund. Landela imiyalo yohlelo ukuze uthole insizakalo.

Indlela yenombolo 4. Ummeli wezomthetho

Imininingwane yakhe iqinisekiswa ngummeli olungisa izivumelwano, ngemuva kwalokho abasebenzi banelungelo lokwamukela yonke imibhalo eqoqiwe.

6. Imali yemali yokubeletha - isitifiketi sisebenza kuze kube yimuphi unyaka? Izinsuku zohlelo 📅

Kuze kube yimuphi unyaka lapho imali yokubeletha isebenza ngokusemthethweni - ubude bohlelo

Izinyathelo ezifanayo zokusekelwa kombuso kwemindeni emisha ye Iminyaka eyi-10 yaqina kakhulu empilweni yethu. Lolu sizo selubambeke kangangokuba ekugcineni kohlelo, omama abasebasha baya ngokuya bazibuze lo mbuzo kuze kube unyaka muni imali yokubeletha isebenza ngokusemthethweni? Kufanele isetshenziswe ngokushesha kangakanani, futhi ngabe kuzokwandiswa?

Emihlanganweni ebibanjelwe, uhulumeni waseRussia ubelokhu eza nesiphakamiso sokwengeza uhlelo lwezenhlalo, okungukuthi, ukulwengeza kwesinye isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke izinguqulo zabekwa phambili ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukwengeza iminyaka emi-5, abaningi baphakamisa ukusetha unyaka ka-2025 njengenkathi yokugcina.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngesinqumo sika-V. V. Putin, kwasayinwa isinqumo esasisho lokho ukuhlinzekwa kwemali yokubeletha kuvunyelwe kuze kube nguDisemba 31, 2026... Lokho wukuthi, eminyakeni ezayo sinethuba lokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhaswa komphakathi lapho kuzalwa noma kuthathwa ingane. ingane yokuqala, futhi izingane ezalandela.

Ngaphandle kwesimo esinzima sezomnotho ezweni kanye nokushoda kwesabelomali okungaguquguquki, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela ebekiwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwezibalo zesimanje ku Disemba 2019 ngosizo lwezitifiketi abazitholile, bakwazi ukuthuthukisa isimo sabo sezezimali Imindeni eyizigidi eziyi-8... Le datha ifaka izakhamizi zaseRussia, eCrimea naseSevastopol.

Kodwa noma imiphumela enjalo ekhuthazayo ayisivumeli ukuba siphethe ngokuthi “umgodi wabantu", Yakhiwa ngo 90ssekuvele kulungisiwe. Sisathuthuka kancane kancane sivela embusweni odlule, sikhuphula ukwanda kwabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizukulwane saleyo minyaka sikhula kancane kancane, futhi sesivele sifinyelela Iminyaka engu-23, yibo ababa yimindeni emincane lapho kuzalwa khona izingane. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni wethu ukholelwa ukuthi manje sekudingekile ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa okukhethekile.

Kepha umbuzo wokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imali yokubeletha nokuthi ungakwenza unyaka onjani waxazululwa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. Akunasidingo sokujaha kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesitifiketi nje.

Lokho wukuthi, kuvela ukuthi umndeni ofuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo manje kufanele kuze kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba 2026 konyaka abelethe noma ukwamukela baby, bese unquma ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zokusekelwa ezizobekwa phambili kakhulu.

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7. Imali yemali yokubeletha yokuthengwa kwemoto - umthetho ushaywa noma cha? 🚗

Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, amasekela eState Duma afake isicelo sokuthi kubhekwe umthethosivivinywa ovumela umndeni omkhulu ukuthi uthumele imali etholwe enhlokodolobha yokubeletha ukuze ithenge imoto.

Vele, bekunezimpikiswano eziningi ezikhuthaza “ngamunye"Futhi"ngokumelene»Kulesi siphakamiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala sengathi imali yokubelethisa imoto ayivumeli ukuhlinzeka ngosizo oluphelele, kepha imane nje ifuna ukukhulisa inhlalakahle.

Kepha, uma ubhekisisa, izingane zidinga thumela esikoleni futhi izinkulisa, hambisa emitholampilo futhi yemicimbi, futhi ukwenze ngaphandle kwemoto akunakwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, kuyagculisa ukunemba komthethosivivinywa ekusebenziseni imali emotweni, amasekela anikeze izimpikiswano ezilandelayo:

• Ubulula bokuthenga... Njengoba unikezwe inani elikhonjisiwe, ungathembela usayizi wedolobha lesibeletho, okuyisiqalo esihle sokuthenga imoto entsha. Ngokuya ngesidingo, ungakhokha ngokuphelele izindleko zokuthengiwe konke, noma wenze idiphozi, ungeza imali yomuntu siqu emphumeleni wokugcina. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zemoto ezikhiqizwe endaweni yezwe lethu zilingana nosayizi wemali yokubeletha, okungenakutholwa ukuthola izindlu.
• Ukuqondiswa kokubaluleke kakhulu... Kunemindeni osekunesikhathi eside yanikezwa indawo yayo yokuhlala. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho sitholwa njengefa, noma njengesipho, sitholwa ngaphambi komshado, noma sabiwa nabazali asebekhulile. Uma ucabanga ezinye izinketho eziphakanyiswe nguhulumeni, umndeni awuzitholi izindlela ezamukelekayo zokusebenzisa imali. Izingane esezifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala yokwamukelwa emanyuvesi ziqashwe ezindaweni ezinesabelomali, lapho izindawo ezinikezwa emahostela zinikezwa ngemali ephansi, futhi kubonakala kungafanelekile ukunikeza ingxenye engxenyeni yempesheni enikezwa abanikazi bezitifiketi. Ngakho-ke kuphakama umbuzo wamathuba angeziwe, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukuthengiselana kokuthengwa kwezimoto.
• Ukuzala okuwa phansi... Njengomthetho, uhlangabezana nobunzima ekusebenziseni ilungelo labo lokuthola imali, kuvela imizwa eminingi emibi, okuxoxwa ngayo abangane, izihlobo, abantu obajwayele... Ngokubona ukuthi le nqubo izoba nzima, eminye imindeni emisha iyazinqumela ukwenqaba ukuba nezingane ezilandelayo, Ukufuna ukunika impilo ejwayelekile enganeni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, sithola isimo lapho izindlela zokuthuthukisa inani labantu zingasebenzi futhi zinciphise ukukhula komphakathi okwengeziwe.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto... Uma ubhekisisa kahle izimo zokuba khona kwemindeni emikhulu, kuzocaca ukuthi imoto ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa isimo sezimali kuphela, kodwa futhi yenze impilo ibe lula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isigqi sempilo yasedolobheni sikwenza uhlale usuka kwesinye isikhungo uye kwesinye. Kungaba njalo izikhungo zemfundo, izigaba ezengeziwe, izinkomishi, izikole, futhi izibhedlela, polyclinics, izibhedlela... Kepha impilo yasemakhaya ibeka isidingo sokwenza ukuthengalapho ufika emapulazini noma emabhizinisini, shayela ezimakethe masonto onke ukonga imali, ukuhamba phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala nokuyisa izingane emadolobheni ukuyoqeqeshwa noma ukwenza inkambiso ebekiwe yenqubo ebekwe odokotela.
• Izindiza ezinciphile... Ukuhlaziya ukuhamba kokuhamba kwamadolobha, ikakhulukazi ngesitimela, kungabonakala ukuthi kuncipha ezindizeni eziningi, futhi lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthuthela ezikhungweni nasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika kuba kunzima kakhulu ukuhambisa inganengokumdalula ukuthi axhumane nabantu abagulayo. Imoto ingenza umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kunesidingo sokubuyela ekhaya sekwephuze kakhulu.

Ngokwezifundo ezenziwa eRussia ngomhlaka ukuphela kuka-2019, imindeni eminingi ethole isitifiketi ayikasifaki isicelo sePension Fund ukuthi sisetshenziswe. Kukhona okungaphezulu kwe- 50% ngaphandle kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili.

Lesi simo sikhuluma ngokukhetha okunzima nesifiso sokwandisa ububanzi bezikhombisi eziphakanyiswe nguhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuba nengane eyodwa, ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, akukho kungabaza ngobunzima besimo sezezimali, kepha ukungabikho kokuvakashelwa kuqinisekisa iqiniso lesinqumo esinzima. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuphakamisa izinketho ezintsha, uzicabangele bese uzifaka ekusakazeni.

Ngaphandle kwalesi simo, bekukhona nezimpikiswano zokuthi ngokumelene ukwamukelwa kwalo mthetho. Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukubaluleka kwemali eyinhloko... Kumongo wayo, uhulumeni wethu ukholelwa ukuthi imoto ayikwazi ukuncintisana nezindlu noma imfundo. Ngakho-ke, owokuqala wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa izimo zabo ngelungelo lefa elilandelayo, ukwahlukaniswa phakathi kwezingane, kanti owesibili unikeza isiqalo somsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo nokuzinza.
• Izidingo ezengeziwe... Lapho ingane ikhula, iba nezifiso eziningi. Ngakho-ke isidingo sokuthenga ikhaya siya ngokuya siphuthuma, ikakhulukazi uma kufika iminyaka yokwakha umndeni omusha nokubeletha. Ngaleso sikhathi, imoto ngeke isaba nenani elibalulekile, kepha cishe izoguga ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukuqondiswa kokusetshenziswa... Kuba nzima kakhulu ukulawula inhloso eyathengwa ngayo imoto nokuthi isiza kanjani empilweni yansuku zonke kunokuthi ngabe bekuyifulethi noma isidingo semfundo. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe imali esetshenziswe ezimotweni ngeke isize kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto ihlala isengozini, ngoba kuyadingeka ukukwazi ukuyishayela kahle. Ukushayisana okungaba khona, izingozi kanye nezingxabano emigwaqweni kungaholela ekwehleni kwezindleko ezengeziwe, okwenza ukuqaliswa kwesitifiketi kungabi nalutho.
• Akukho mali ebanjwayo yomhlalaphansi... Njengomthetho, ukuzalwa kwengane yokuqala noma elandelayo ithumela owesifazane isikhathi sekhefu lokuyobeletha isikhathi eside, futhi lesi yisikhathi lapho engatholi khona ukuncishwa kumqashi. Ngokusobala, impesheni yokugcina izoba ngaphansi. Ngokuthenga imoto, inkinga yezimali ezingekho emthethweni ayixazululwa, enomphumela ophambene uma ufuna ukukhetha enye indlela yokusebenzisa imali.
• Ukusiza abakhiqizi bezimoto... Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kulo mthetho osalungiswa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukungabaza izinhloso zangempela zokusiza imindeni emikhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi, ezenzweni ezinjalo, umuntu angacabanga ukunxenxa izintshisekelo zemboni yezimoto yasekhaya, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuthengisa kwayo kwehle kakhulu emuva ku-2019-2020.

Futhi-ke, ungayithenga kanjani imoto enezimali zokubeletha? Ingabe zikhona izindlela zomthetho. Isitifiketi sikhombisa ngokusobala Izindlela ezi-4 ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwemali. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube yilapho lo mthethosivivinywa ushaya ngokusemthethweni itafula lokusayina kukamongameli, impendulo izohlala ingacacile: “Akunakwenzeka". Zonke izenzo kule ndlela zihlanganisa icala lobugebengu futhi amandla okukhipha izimali ezikhishiwe.

Bezama ukumboza impilo yomndeni omusha wanamuhla ngokubanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, amasekela angenise imibandela eminingi kulo msebenzi owenziwayo.

1. Ubunikazi okwabiwe... Lapho uthenga imoto, kuzodingeka ikhishwe ngokushesha kubo bobabili abashadile nengane elethe inani lemali yokubeletha endlini. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi ilungelo lokulahla libe yinto ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, maqondana namaphoyisa omgwaqo angahle abe nombuzo, kwethulwa imithetho kamasipala ekhethekile eyenza ubunikazi obunjalo bungaphazanyiswa lapho ushayela imoto.
2. Izinsuku zokuqalisa kabusha... Ngokuya ngezimo, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, imoto ingathengiswa, kutholakale imali esandleni.
3. Ukukhiqizwa kweRussia... Umthetho uvumela ukucubungula kuphela amamodeli asekhaya noma imoto eyenziwe kwelinye izwe, kepha ahlanganiswe endaweni yezwe lethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingekho imali eyanele yesitifiketi, ungangeza imali oyongele imali yakho noma ufake isicelo semalimboleko esikhungweni sesikweletu.
4. Ukubhaliswa kwezimali... Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi imoto kumele ibe yintsha ngokuphelele, hhayi ukuthi ngaphambili ibibhaliswe namaphoyisa omgwaqo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indawo yokuthenga izoba esemthethweni kuphela, kuma-salon anelungelo lokuthengisa.
5. Ukwenziwa kwezimoto nemodeli... Kufanele kuthiwe umthetho awukhawuleli ukukhetha komnikazi wesikhathi esizayo. Ungacabangi ukuthi imoto ethengiwe ingakhanya kuphela.

Ngaphandle kocwaningo oluningiliziwe ngazo zonke izimo, ukuthola ithuba lokusebenzisa imali yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto, umthetho WANGAKAPHASHWA... Ngakho-ke, iningi selivele lisizakala ngemali mboleko yezimoto noma yokuqashiswa kwezimoto. Sesivele sixoxile ngokuthi ungayithenga kanjani imoto ngokuqashisela umuntu kwesinye sezindatshana ezedlule.

Iphrojekthi efanayo yathunyelwa kaninginingi kucaciswa nezinguquko, kepha zonke izinhlelo zaliwa njalo nguhulumeni wezwe lethu.

Imali yesifundazwe yokubeletha

Ezingeni likahulumeni, kunendawo eyodwa yokusiza imindeni emikhulu, eyenziwe ngokusemthethweni ngohlelo lwemali yesifunda sokubeletha. Izimo zabo ziyefana kakhulu, inani lesibili kuphela alikhonjisiwe futhi lincike esifundeni ohlala kuso. Ngokuvamile ama-ruble ayi-100,000kukhishwe ngomhla ka- okwesibili, okwesithathu noma ingane elandelayo.

Usizo olunjalo ungalusebenzisa kube kanye kuphela, usuqede yonke imibhalo futhi ukhetha umgomo ofanele. Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi uthenge imoto ngezidingo zomuntu siqu.

Kuze kube ngu-2015 amathuba okusebenzisa imali ayefana nesitifiketi sikahulumeni. Manje kunezinketho ezinjengalezi:

• I-gasification yesakhiwo sokuhlala;
• Ukuthola imfundo njengomama;
• Ukuthengela imoto wonke umndeni;
• Ukukhokhelwa kwezinsizakalo zokwelashwa ezinikezwa izingane;
• Ukuthengwa kwamapayipi akhethekile, akuhlinzekelwe yimibandela yombuso.

Isiqondiso sokugcina sisebenza kuleyo mindeni enezingane ezikhubazekile. Indawo yokuqala ukwamukela lo mkhuba kwaba Smolensk... Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwasakazekela ku- I-Amur, UNizhny Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Ulyanovsk, I-Orlovskaya, I-Kamchatka Krai njll.

Inani elinqunyiwe lale mali etholakalayo lincike emandleni wesifunda nasezimalini zesabelomali sazo.

Ukuze thenga imoto ekuqondisweni kwesifunda kokuthola imali yokubeletha, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa iphasela lamadokhumenti bese ulithumela eSikhwameni Sempesheni ukuze licutshungulwe.

Uzodinga amadokhumende alandelayo:

1. Isivumelwano sokuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwezimoto;
2. Isivumelwano semalimboleko yemoto, uma ukuthenga kwenziwa ngebhange;
3. Itayitela lomthengi;
4. Inkomba yeBhange. Uma imoto yayithengiwe phambilini futhi ngesikhathi sokuthola imali yokubeletha kwakukhona isikweletu kuyo ngesimo somzimba wemalimboleko nenzalo yayo;
5. Imininingwane ye-akhawunti yokudlulisa izimali;
6. Isitifiketi semali engakhokhiwe ngaphansi kwenkontileka uma kungenzeka uthenge imoto kancane kancane.

Ukusatshalaliswa okunjalo kohlelo kusebenza kakhulu esifundeni saseKamchatka.

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8. Ungayikhipha kanjani imali yokubeletha? 💸

Ngokusho kohlelo ngokwalo, olwenziwe nguhulumeni wethu, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isitifiketi.

Kepha, eminyakeni edlule yokuba khona kwayo, izinketho eziningi zitholakele ezisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabamukeli ukuthola ithuba lokuba nemali esandleni. Kukuwo wonke umuntu ukwahlulela ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo zisemthethweni kanjani.

1. Inkokhelo yesamba. Emuva ngonyaka we-2009, lapho kuqala isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sesimo somnotho, kwavela isimo ezweni lapho ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi, ukwanda kwezindleko zokudla, izindlu zaqala khona, uMbuso uDuma wanquma ukukhokha ngokusemthethweni ingxenye yenhlokodolobha yokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, imindeni yathola inani lama-ruble ayi-12,000, elalingasetshenziselwa izidingo zomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokubika. Lesi silinganiso sesikhashana saqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-2010, ngemuva kwalokho sakhanselwa. Ngokufaniswa neminyaka edlule, sekuvele ku- Unyaka we-2015 kuqokwe ukukhishwa okufanayo kwemali, kuphela kunani le- Ama-ruble ayi-20 000... ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhiphe imali yokubeletha ngendlela efanayo manje, ngezizathu ezisemthethweni ngokuphelele.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwekhaya. Le ndlela ifaka phakathi ukukhokhwa kwemali yonke yokwakhiwa kwendlu yangasese esizeni somunye wabashadikazi. Ingqikithi yayo ukuthi uma uqala umsebenzi uwedwa, ngenkathi uqoqa yonke imibhalo yokuthengwa kwezinto, bese ubhala isitatimende, uqala ukuthola 50% wenani, bese kuthi abanye. Vele, imali iyaphendula, kepha uma usuthengile ngaphambili, ungabuyisa inani lazo ngokheshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingekile nakancane ukulindela ukuqala kwengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
3. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu. Le ndlela iyefana neyedlule futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubhalise ukuthuthuka okwenziwe njengokwakhiwa kabusha, ukuthola imali yalokhu. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuqonda ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, indawo esetshenzisiwe yezindlu kufanele inyuke futhi ingabi ngaphansi kwezinga elijwayelekile lokubalwa kwezimali.

Ngakho-ke uma yakhiwe noma yakhiwe kabusha ekhaya ngemuva kukaJanuwari 1, 2007, futhi ingane elethe inani lemali yokubeletha endlini isivele Uneminyaka emi-3 ubudala, lapho-ke umthetho ukuvumela ukuthi uhlele konke ngokuya ngemithetho, uthole imali ku-akhawunti.

Enye indlela ongathembela ngayo ekutholeni imali oyisebenzisela yona yile lokhu ukuthenga izindlu... Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazama ukuyithenga ezihlotsheni abakhe ubuhlobo obuhle nazo.

Empeleni, yonke impahla yenziwe ibe semthethweni ivuna izingane, bese izimali zibuyiselwa emndenini. Ngokuvamile, abaningi ogogo futhi obabamkhulu bangakubona kulungile ukubhalela kabusha abazukulu indawo yabo yokuhlala, bese kuba nethuba lokuthuthukisa isimo sabo.

Kepha, uma leli qiniso laziwa ngabasebenzi besikhwama sempesheni, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kungahle kuqokwe, imiphumela yayo ezodalulwa ukukhwabanisa futhi uzame umsebenzi wokukhwabanisa... Kulokhu, umphumela wokuthengiselana uzokhanselwa futhi imali ekhokhelwa imali izokhishwa.

9. Imali yokubeletha ngo-2020, izinguquko - izindaba zakamuva 📰

Inhlokodolobha yokubeletha yanwetshwa kuze kube yimuphi unyaka?

15.01. Februwari 2020 - UMongameli weRussia Federation V.V. UPutin usayine ukwandiswa kohlelo lwemali yokubeletha kuze kube nguDisemba2026 unyakaPhambilini uhulumeni wayehlele ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa nokuxhaswa ngezitifiketi zokubeletha kuze kube unyaka we-2021. Ngakho-ke, imali eyabeletha yandiswa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-2026.

Ukukhokhwa kwemali kusuka kumata capital kuya kulabo abaswele

UMongameli weRussian Federation usayine isimemezelo esimema imindeni eswele ukuthi izokhipha imali ekhokhwa nyangazonke emalini yabakhulelwe lapho kuzalwa ingane yabo yokuqala, yesibili neyalandela. Abazali bazokhokhelwa ngokheshi kuze kube yilapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-1.5 yobudala enanini lezinga lokuziphilisa esifundeni esihlala kulo.

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Ekugcineni, sincoma ukubukela ividiyo emayelana ne-matcapital

Bafundi abathandekayo bephephabhuku i-Ideas for Life, singajabula uma nizokwabelana ngemibono yenu, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokuphawula ngesihloko sokushicilelwa kumazwana angezansi.

Bukela ividiyo: What is Trademark For NGOs? Procedure u0026 Benefits. By CA Sanjay Gupta (Julayi 2024).