Ungayifunda kanjani ukudlala i-chess - uhlelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, incazelo yezingcezu, amathiphu

I-Chess ngumdlalo wezemidlalo owaziwa emazweni ayi-100. Ngo-1999, i-IOC yababona njengomcimbi wezemidlalo, kwathi ngo-2018 badlala umdlalo wabo wokuqala kuma-Winter Olympics. I-Chess ayibonakali nje kuphela yinjabulo, kodwa futhi nangokuqina komzimba okuqinile nokuhlakanipha okuphawulekayo kwezimbangi.

Kungani kufanele ufunde imidlalo ye-chess? Ikhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono engqondo namakhono engqondo afana nalokhu:

• Ukugxila kokunakwa.
• Ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ukucabanga okubucayi.
• Ukuqashelwa kwephethini.
• Ukuhlelwa kwamasu namasu.
• Ukucabanga kwendawo.
• I-Logic ne-Analysis.

Umdlalo ufundisa ukuthi kunomphumela ngemuva kwesenzo ngasinye. Lokho izinqumo ezenziwe ngokususelwa ekubikezeleni nasekucabangeni kunemiphumela emihle kakhulu kunokuxhamazela nokungacabangi.

Ngaphandle kokuthola amakhono wokuncintisana (ku-chess, uzofunda ukuhlasela nokuvikela ngasikhathi sinye), kunokufana phakathi kwezibalo, umculo ne-chess.

Ucwaningo oluzimele lwe-chess kusukela ekuqaleni

Ukufunda ukudlala ekhaya uwedwa, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqala ngokuhlephula imithetho ibe izingxenye zayo. Lapho ukufunda kuhamba, kulula ukusebenzisa ucezu olulodwa kuphela ebhodini.

Indlela engcono yokufunda ukudlala. Ukuhlulwa kuyizifundo ezibalulekile nokuhlangenwe nakho. Ngokushesha uzothola ukuthi umumo ngamunye unenani elithile.

Ukusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwabadlali abaningi, i-chess ingafundwa kalula kuzicelo eziku-inthanethi. Futhi, kunezinsiza eziningi zokufunda online. Konke kuncike ekutheni iyiphi indlela encanyelwayo: funda "usohambeni" noma uqale ekuqaleni.

Manje ake sibheke izinketho zokuqeqeshwa okuku-inthanethi:

• I-Chess-inthanethi (Chess.com). Uhlelo lokusebenza olungcono kakhulu lwe-chess lwazo zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi kanye newebhusayithi ukuqala ukufunda i-chess, dlala ku-inthanethi ngokumelene nabaphikisi bezinga lakho. Ihlaziya imidlalo yakho ngokuphelele nomsebenzi wayo wokuhlaziya umshini. Lo mthombo uhlinzeka konke konke kusuka ekuqeqesheni ekuqaleni kuya ekuqeqesheni nsuku zonke kwamakhosi. Izifundo zabo zevidiyo ekuvuleni imfundiso, amaqhinga womdlalo ophakathi, amasu wokuhlola nokubheka, izakhiwo zamapayipi, uhlelo lokuhlasela, njll. Zikunikeza umbono wokuthi ungawukhulisa kanjani umdlalo wakho. Isiza lizosiza noma ngubani ozama ukufunda izisekelo futhi futhi ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo.
• Iziteshi ze-Youtube. Kwanele ukuthayipha usesho lwe-YouTube isicelo esidingekayo sokuqeqeshwa kusukela ekuqaleni, njengoba uhlelo luzonikeza iziteshi ezahlukahlukene kakhulu namavidyo kliphu. Khetha izinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ubuke ngenjabulo.
• Izincwadi ezikhethekile. Thenga incwadi ethula imithetho nezisekelo ze-chess. Ngeke ngincome noma yikuphi njengoba kuningi futhi iningi lazo lihle. Funa eyodwa enezithombe eziningi nombhalo omncane. Izincwadi eziningi zemfundo "zezingane" zisebenza nakubantu abadala.

Incazelo yezibalo, ukuthi zihamba kanjani

1. Inkosi - okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izibalo yileso esinomqhele nesiphambano.
2. Ngabe indlovukazi kukhona nomqhele - lesi yisibalo sesibili eside.
3. Indlovu - isibalo esinesigqoko esikhombe.
4. Rook futhi kulula ukukhumbula, kubukeka njengombhoshongo wenqaba.
5. Ihhashi Kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula.
6. Izinja - ngeke kube nzima ukuwakhumbula, yiwona "amancane" futhi amaningi kakhulu.

Nayi imithetho embalwa ongayifunda kusukela ekuqaleni:

• Inkosi kumele ihlale ivikelekile, ihambisa isikwele esisodwa kunoma iyiphi indlela.
• Indlovukazi "iyisosha elihambisanayo" elihamba phambili ebhodini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
• Izindlovu zinokunyakaza okunhlobonhlobo, kepha kulayini oqondile, ezinkomba eziqonde ngakunye.
• URook uvame ukubukelwa phansi ngabaqalayo. Ihamba “inqamula phakathi” ebhodini - idayagonali, njenge- “nkosi” kuma-checkers.
• Ihhashi likulungele ukuhlaselwa ngamabomu, okungalindelekile, ukuhamba kwalo kuyaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu - incwadi yaseRussia ethi "G" kuzo zonke izinkomba.
• Izinja zikulungele ukuthatha izingcezu zesitha. Zilinganiselwe ekuhambeni - isikwele esisodwa kuphela phambili.

Isifundo sevidiyo

Amasu wokudlala ahlukahlukene

Inqubo eyisisekelo yomdlalo:

• Ukhetha umbala wezingcezu (ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama, noma eminye imibala ehlukile), umphikisi uthatha umbala ohlukile.
• Niyashintshana ngokuhamba. Izingcezu ezimhlophe zihamba kuqala.
• Injongo: Umdlali wokuqala ukuthatha inkosi yomphikisi uwina umdlalo.

Faka ibhodi kahle. Umdlalo udlalwa ebhodini le-chess eliqukethe izikwele ezingama-64 - imigqa eyisishiyagalombili namakholomu ayisishiyagalombili.

Isu lesaqala ukuthatha izingcezu zesitha ezibalulekile ngangokunokwenzeka ukwenza kube lula ukufika enkosini. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuhambisa izingcezu ngaphezu kwezigcawu lapho uhhafu womphikisi ekhona. Ucezu luyabanjwa ngokulususa ensimini.

Mhlawumbe ulizwile igama elithi "Shah" angithi? Lokhu kusho ukuthi wena (noma ophikisana naye) ubeke inkosi yakho (noma isitha sakho) endaweni lapho ingeke iye ndawo noma kuphi ingabanjiwe.

Manje ake sikhulume ngama-pawns. Kukhona okunye okuhlukile kumthetho wesinyathelo esisodwa: uma i-pawn ingakaze inyakaze ngaphambili, ingahambisa izikwele ezimbili ekuhambeni kwayo kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pawn ayikwazi ukubamba umphikisi phambi kwayo. Kepha uma kukhona isiqeshana somphikisi phambi kwaso sidonsa, singaya lapho ukuyishutha. Enye inzuzo ye-pawn: uma ifinyelela kolunye uhlangothi lwebhodi, lapho ingakwazi ukuya phambili, ingashintshaniswa nganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye (ngaphandle kwenkosi).

Kunenye inhlangano ekhethekile ebizwa nge-castling. Kuthinta isikhundla senkosi futhi rook. Lokhu kungahle kungacaci kwabaqalayo ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke ungakufunda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho usuyazi kahle imithetho eyisisekelo.

Manje sebenzisa ubujamo bakho! Ikakhulukazi, ungavumeli ama-knights nababhishobhi bahlale ezikhundleni zabo, ngoba balusizo ekuqaleni komdlalo.

Thatha inkosi yakho uye endaweni ephephile. Inkosi enkabeni yebhodi iyinkosi esengozini.

Qalisa isikhungo! “Lo ngumqondo obalulekile kubantu abasha. Izikwele ezine zesikhungo zibalulekile ekulawuleni.

Khumbula ukuthi ihhashi kuphela elingagxuma ngaphezu kwamakheji. Khumbula ukuthi zonke izingcezu zingabuyela emuva, ngaphandle kwama-pawns.

Lonke isu lomdlalo ukuphoqa inkosi yomphikisi ukuthi ibhajwe. Akunandaba ukuthi ukwenze kanjani - udinga nje ukukwenza kanye ukuze unqobe!

Awukwazi ukugxilisa ukunaka kwakho konke ekuhlaselweni, noma ungakha umuzwa ongewona wokuphepha bese ushiya ithuba lokuthi lowo ophikisana naye alisebenzise. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuqinisa ukuzivikela - ukubeka izingcezu zakho ezikhundleni ezisebenzayo (ababhishobhi nama-rook bahle kakhulu). Vikela uhhafu wakho ngokucophelela futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, gcina izingcezu zihleliwe. Into yokugcina oyidingayo ukulahlekelwa yindlovukazi yakho ngoba wehlulekile ukuyivikela noma wadlala ngokuxhamazela.

Ukuvulwa kwe-batch okungalungile ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Sebenzela ukuhambisa isikhungo sakho ukuze uvulele ababhishobhi futhi usebenzise ama-knights akho. Ukukhathazeka ngendlovukazi bese ugoqa kamuva. Akukho noyedwa ohamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, yize ezinye ziphawuleka ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye. Kukhona abadlali abakhetha ukuzivikela, izikhundla zokwenziwa, noma izindlela ezinolaka, ezinamandla. Ezigabeni zokuqala, gxila emdlalweni wokuzivikela, wokudlala.

Hlaziya izikhundla ngamasu. Okhokho abakhulu bavame ukuzuza kumaqhinga. Umgomo wakho ukweqisa isitha sakho bese uthola izindlela zokusebenzisa izingcezu zakho ngokugcwele. Funda izisekelo zezimfoloko, izikhonkwane, ama-skewers, neminye imiqondo yamaqhinga. Umsebenzi womqeqeshi ku-Chess.com ubaluleke kakhulu. I-Chess incike kakhulu ekutholeni amaphethini afanayo ezikhundleni ezahlukahlukene. Ukusebenzisa le mibono kuzokhulisa kakhulu amandla akho.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukutadisha

Ukusheshisa ukufunda kwakho, zama okulandelayo:

1. Dlala i-chess okungenani ihora eli-1 nsuku zonke.
2. Lapho uthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa, xhuma ama-puzzle wamasu okwemizuzu engama-30, nemizuzu engama-30 ye-chess "ebukhoma" ngosuku.

Isifundo uqobo sizothatha cishe inyanga eyodwa, uma unaka imizuzu engama-30-60 yomdlalo nsuku zonke. Ukuqhubeka okuthuthukile ngeke kube yisikhathi eside ukuza, njengoba umdlalo uzokunqoba ngokuphelele!

Ungayifundisa kanjani ingane ukudlala i-chess

Ngezindlela eziningi, ukufundisa izingane kuwumsebenzi olula kunokufundisa abantu abadala. Eminyakeni ye-Intanethi efinyelelekayo, izingane zingafunda kalula ukudlala i-chess zodwa. Amacebo angenhla angabadlali bayo yonke iminyaka.

Isakhiwo sevidiyo

Ukuqeqeshwa ezigabeni

Emibuthanweni eyahlukene nasezigabeni bafundisa ukudlala i-chess "ngokusemthethweni", okungukuthi, ngencazelo yawo wonke amagama we-chess namagama amasu. Nikeza futhi ubonise wonke amasu nokuhamba okungenzeka. Abantu abazifundisayo bathambekele ekudlaleni ngokunembile, bazakhele amaketanga anengqondo. Awanamandla ngokwemigomo, kodwa adlala ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Abadlali be-chess abadumile emhlabeni naseRussia

• Odadewabo uPolgar, uJudit noSusan bangamakhosi aseHungary. Omncane kunabo bonke odadewabo, uJudit (41), njengamanje ungumdlali we-chess onamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Inzuzo yakhe ukuthi ubamba iqhaza futhi unqoba kuphela emiqhudelwaneni yabesilisa. UJudit wathola isicoco sokuba ngugogo omkhulu eneminyaka engu-15, edlula impumelelo yompetha abaningi abahlonishwayo. Udadewabo omdala uSusan njengamanje usathuthukisa i-chess e-United States, futhi futhi ungumpetha wesigaba samazwe omhlaba.
• U-Antoaneta Stefanova ngumhlaba waseBulgaria nompetha waseYurophu ku-chess ne-chess esheshayo iminyaka engama-38. Ngo-2002 waba ngugogo omkhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
• UXie Jun ungumdlali we-chess waseChina, umqeqeshi ohlonishwayo nompetha womhlaba (oneminyaka engama-47). Waba ngumpetha eneminyaka eyishumi, waqala ukudlala eneminyaka eyisithupha.
• U-Alexandra Kosteniuk ungumpetha waseYurophu naseRussia. Isiqubulo sakhe sithi "I-Chess inhle" futhi "Ubuhle nengqondo akunakuhlukaniswa". Eqondiswa yilokhu, ukhuthaza i-chess njengesibonelo futhi "inxusa le-chess", ezama ukuvusa isithakazelo kulo mdlalo emhlabeni jikelele.
• U-Anatoly Karpov (66) noGarry Kasparov (54) yizikhulu ezinkulu ezidume kakhulu eRussia. Ngalesi sikhathi, bahileleke ngokugcwele emisebenzini yezepolitiki. Esikhathini esedlule - ompetha abaningi bomhlaba, iYurophu neRussia.
• UKhalifman Alexander (oneminyaka engama-52) unqobe kathathu kwi-World Chess Olympiad. Manje uqeqesha isizukulwane esisha, ungumbhali wezincwadi ngecebo le-chess.
• UMagnus Carlsen (oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala) ungumpetha wamanje ongenakuphikiswa waseNorway, ongomunye wabakhulu abakhulu emhlabeni.
• U-Anand Vishwanathan (oneminyaka engama-47 ubudala) ungumpetha wamanje wamazwe waseNdiya onamandla kunabo bonke e-chess esheshayo. U-Anand udlala ngokushesha okukhulu, uchitha isikhathi esincane ecabanga ngokuhamba, aze ancintisane nabadlali be-chess abaqine kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ungaba kanjani umdlali we-chess okhokhelwayo

Ngabe usuyifundile yonke imithetho ye-chess futhi usendleleni eya ekuthuthukiseni? Nakhu okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo:

• Funda ukubhalwa kwe-algebraic. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa ngabadlali be-chess ukurekhoda imidlalo noma isikhundla sezingcezu ebhodini ukuze ufunde uphinde wenze noma yimuphi umdlalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Funda inani lamajamo. Akuzona zonke izingcezu ze-chess ezinamandla alinganayo emdlalweni. Funda ukuthola inani nokubaluleka kwazo ephathini ethile, lapho-ke uzoqonda ukuthi kufanele yini ukudela lokho.
• Bukela uphinde uhlaziye imidlalo yama-grandmasters, eyedlule neyamanje. Buka umdlalo okhokhelwayo phakathi kwamakhosi.
• Qala ngokufunda ngemidlalo yasendulo kusuka kuma-1600s kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, kulula ukuyiqonda. Ezinye izibonelo zamakhosi angaleso sikhathi: Adolph Andersen, Paul Morphy, Wilhelm Steinitz, Johannes Zuckerert, Emanuel Lasker, José Raul Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine.
• Sombulula amaphazili ukukusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ubone amathuba namasu obucayi.
• Funda ukusebenzisa injini ye-chess nobuhlakani bokufakelwa ukuhlaziya. Amakhompyutha ayithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu kubadlali namuhla. I-Arena iyi-GUI ethandwayo yeWindows neLinux. Ngayo, ungabuka imidlalo ngefomethi ye-PGN, engalandwa kumasayithi ahlukene. Rekhoda imidlalo yakho ukuze uyihlaziye kamuva. Yenza okufanayo ngenkathi ubukela ukudlala bukhoma, cabanga izikhundla ngokwakho.
• Landela umhlaba we-chess okhokhelwayo. Yazi ompetha bomhlaba nabampetha bamanje, abadlali abahlonishwayo nabancane. Landela imiqhudelwano yomhlaba.

Amathiphu Wevidiyo

Amathiphu awusizo nolwazi oluhehayo

Joyina iklabhu yendawo ye-chess. Ukudlala nomuntu ophikisana naye ubuso nobuso nokuba yingxenye yomphakathi we-chess kuyindlela yokuba ngumpetha. Fight nabaphikisi ezingeni lakho nalabo abanamandla. Hlaziya umdlalo ngamunye, ngekhanda izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuwina nokulahlekelwa imidlalo.

Nezeluleko ezimbalwa:

• Xazulula puzzle more chess.
• Sebenzisa amahhashi ngempumelelo nangendlela ejwayelekile.
• Funda izincwadi ze-chess, ama-biographies amakhosi adumile.
• Funda kokulahlekile.
• Hlaziya ukuhamba.
• Cabanga ngomdlalo wesitha sakho.

Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, qala ukudlala: dlala futhi, phinda futhi. Ziphonsele inselelo njalo. Ukuqeqeshwa kungathatha iminyaka embalwa, kepha ukwaneliseka okutholayo kuwufanele umzamo.

Ungalokothi ulahle ithemba noma usonge uma ulahlekelwa! Ukuhlulwa kuyitshe lokunyathela empumelelweni!