Imbali yenjabulo nokuzwana - ukujwayelana ne-gerbera ephuzi

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-gerberas akhombise ubumnene, ubumsulwa, injabulo nokuvumelana. Futhi imbali uqobo lwayo ngolimi lwezitshalo isho - idiski elanga. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-gerbera ephuzi, ngokungafani nezinye, zifana nombuthano welanga, owenziwe ubukhazikhazi bemisebe ye-petal.

Letha ilanga langempela ekhaya lakho elizoligcwalisa ngenjabulo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-gerbera ephuzi, futhi ingqikithi yokuzinakekela icishe ifane; ngokukhohlisa okulula, indlu yakho izophenduka indawo yokushisa okushisayo.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Kunenganekwane ephelele ngemvelaphi yesitshalo se-gerbera. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona i-nymph yasehlathini eyayinobukeka bobuhle obumangalisayo. Ngenxa yokuheha kwakhe, wahlushwa ukunakwa ngokweqile nomona kwabanye. Wayekhathele yilokhu kuhlushwa futhi wayefisa ukuphenduka isitshalo sasendle esingabonakali kalula. Unyathi wabizwa ngokuthi uHerba, kanti imbali yethiwa ngokuthi uGerbera.

Le ngenye yezinguqulo zemvelaphi yesitshalo negama laso. Kepha iqiniso liyi-prosaic kakhulu. Imbali yaqala ukutholwa ngabahloli bamazwe abangamaDashi eningizimu ye-Afrika ngonyaka we-1717. Imbali yaqanjwa ngokuhlonipha umcwaningi wezitshalo zezitshalo waseJalimane nodokotela uT. Gerber. Umfuyi wokuqala wokutshala ama-gerberas kwakunguScotsman Jameson. Wenza umsebenzi wakhe esifundazweni saseFrance iTransvaal. Lokhu kunqume elinye igama lesitshalo yi-transvaal chamomile.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

IGerbera isitshalo esishisayo se-herbaceous noma semi-shrub esishisayo somndeni wase-Asteraceae noma we-Asteraceae. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-gerbera lunamandla futhi lukhule kahle.

Amaqabunga ahlukanisiwe, ahlinzekwa kancane. Imikhawulo yamaqabunga ikhonjisiwe. Ishidi lingafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30-35. Amaqabunga aqoqwe ku-rosette yezimpande. Izisekelo zamaqabunga nama-petioles esitshalo zishisa kancane.

Ama-peduncles made, aminyene, avame ukushicilelwa, ahlala yedwa, angenamaqabunga. Zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-60-65. Imbali ngayinye ikhula esihlokweni sayo.

Izimbali zijwayelekile, zinkulu, zingamasentimitha ayi-15-30 ububanzi. Izimbali zezimbali zivame ukuvelela, okwenza zibonakale zifiphele.

Isithelo yi-achene efanele. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sihlala ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5... Indawo yemvelaphi ye-gerbera South Africa.

Ukubukeka

Ama-gerberas aphuzi, njengabo bonke abanye abamele lolu hlobo, angaba izinhlobo ezintathu:

• elula;
• terry;
• semi-kabili.

Izimbali ezilula zifana ne-chamomile, kanti izimbali ezimbili zifana ne-aster... Izitshalo ezi-semi-double zinembali enamacembe afana ne-aster, nenhliziyo efana ne-chamomile.

Uma ubheka amaqabunga esitshalo se-gerbera, abamele bangahlukaniswa baba:

1. okubanzi
2. amacembe aphakathi nendawo;
3. emincane-petaled.

Kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwama-gerberas ngosayizi wembali yawo:

• okuncanyana okupendayo - kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi;
• enamabala amakhulu - kufika kumasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-gerberas aphuzi, njenganoma ibaphi abanye abamele leli qembu lezitshalo, ziwumphumela wemisebenzi yabafuyi bangaphandle. Ama-gerberas aphuzi athandwa kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo:

1. UTamara.
2. Ama-Elegans.
3. I-Helios.
4. UBrigitte.
5. I-Vega.
6. I-Golden Siren.
7. I-Arendgost.
8. UJamson.
9. UVincent.

Sibhale ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ze-gerbera kule ndatshana.

Isithombe

Bheka isithombe sama-gerberas aphuzi ngezansi:

Imithetho yokutshala kanye namathiphu

Lapho utshala i-gerbera, udinga ukuthatha ngokungathí sina ukukhetha ibhodwe, inhlabathi nokuthi uzomaka kuphi.

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

UGerbera uthanda ukukhanya, kepha ayikubekezeleli ukuchayeka okusebenzayo elangeni eliqondile... Kuyadingeka ukubeka imbiza yesitshalo efasiteleni elikhanyayo noma kuvulandi, kepha uyisithe ngokushisa okukhulu. Lesi sitshalo sithanda umoya ohlanzekile futhi asongelwa yizinguquko zokushisa okungenzeka.

IGerbera ayikhuli esimweni sezulu esomile; ithanda umswakama womoya olinganiselayo. Ukuze athole induduzo, kufanele ufafaze njalo umoya osegumbini kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray.

Izidingo zenhlabathi

UGerbera uthanda ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ene-asidi... Inhlabathi enjalo iqukethe:

• i-peat nesihlabathi, kuthathwe ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo;
• umhlaba onamaqabunga, ivolumu yawo kufanele ibe kabili ingxube ye-peat nesihlabathi.

OKUBALULEKILE! Ungalokothi usebenzise noma imuphi umanyolo ophilayo ekunakekeleni i-gerbera, i-gerbera ayizithandi futhi ingafa.

Imbiza yokutshala i-gerbera ilungele phezulu okuphansi, okubanzi. Lapho utshala, kufanele usebenzise amanzi amahle ezansi ebhodweni.

Ungayinakekela kanjani kahle?

Ukunakekelwa kukaGerbera kuqukethe:

1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu oketshezi ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali, okungenani isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini eziyi-14.
2. Ukwehlukanisa ukhula nokwenza amagciwane enhlabathi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
3. Ukunisela okujwayelekile kepha okulingene ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.
4. Ukuxegiswa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile lapho isoma futhi iba namagade.

Ngesikhathi sokuchelela, ukuqapha ngokucophelela kuyadingeka ukuze amanzi angaweli ekuphumeni kusuka emaqabungeni empande ye-gerbera, ukuze angaboli. Ngemuva kokuthi izimbali zivele, udinga ukunciphisa inani lomswakama futhi wehlise umswakama egumbini lapho kukhula khona i-gerbera.

Izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane

IGerbera ayimelani kakhulu nezifo zefungal... Esikhathini esiningi lezi yizimpande ezibolile kanye nesikhunta esimpuphu. Izifo zikhula ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle nokunakekelwa okungagculisi kwe-gerbera:

• Ukubola kwezimpande kuthinta uhlelo lwempande neziqu ku-rosette yezimpande. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ezimweni eziningi ngokuniselwa ngokweqile, kanye nokumisa kwamanzi ekhomeni lobumba noma esampeni. Iziqu ziba mnyama engxenyeni engezansi, futhi yonke ingxenye yomhlabathi we-gerbera iyabuna kancane kancane bese isitshalo sife ngokuphelele. Ukonga i-gerbera, udinga ukusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile.
• Isikhunta se-Powdery kuthinta amaqabunga esitshalo, amabala amhlophe avela kuwo ngendlela yoqwembe. Amaqabunga esitshalo kancane kancane aphenduka aphuzi, abune futhi agobe. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sifa ngokuphelele.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal kungagwenywa ngokunciphisa ukushuba kokunisela, nokunciphisa ukwehlisa umswakama womoya.

IGerbera nayo ingahlaselwa ukuhlaselwa okusebenzayo yizinambuzane eziningi:

1. I-Aphid - Lesi yisinambuzane esincane kakhulu, sihlasela isitshalo ngamakholomu, sithinta iziqu kanye namafiqubu angavulwa.

   Ungalwa nezintwala uma ubona ukuhlaselwa kwayo zisencane, khona-ke kunethuba lokusindisa isitshalo. Isisombululo se-Anabazine sulphate noma i-nicotine sulphate sisetshenziselwa ukulwa ngesilinganiso segremu elilodwa ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi.

2. Izimpukane ezimhlophe - lezi yizibungu ezincane eziphindaphindeka ngokushesha okukhulu, zihlasela amaqabunga, kuvela izimbobo ezidliwe kuzo, isitshalo siyafa kancane kancane.

   Lapho izimpukane ezimhlophe zihlasela, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-peremethrin, ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuze kube yilapho isilokazane sinqotshwe ngokuphelele.

3. Isicabucabu - imboza zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ze-gerbera ngewebhu ethile, futhi ibuye ithathe ubisi esitshalweni, okuholela ekusomeni nasekuqedeni ukufa kwayo.

   Ekulweni nomkhaza, izixazululo ezikhethekile kuphela zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezizosiza: I-Anti-tick, iFitoverm, iFufanon. Umkhaza awubekezeleli umswakama, ungamelana nawo ngokufafaza umoya eduze ne-gerbera. Ngeke kube yinto engadingekile ukugeza amaqabunga esitshalo ngesixazululo esipholile sensipho yokuwasha, kepha futhi kufanele futhi ihlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Izici zokuzala

IGerbera inganda ngenzalo nangemifino (ukusika, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla).

Imbewu

Ukuze utshale imbewu ye-gerbera, udinga:

1. Lungisa inhlabathi evulekile nge-peat nesihlabathi.
2. Thela inhlabathi ku-pallet yokhuni noma isitsha sepulasitiki esithengiswayo, kodwa hhayi kakhulu.
3. Manzisa inhlabathi ngokufafaza.
4. Hlwanyela inhlabathi emanzi nembewu.

   OKUBALULEKILE! Ungayingcwaba imbewu, kepha uyifafaze kancane ngomhlaba. Ukujulisa imbewu kukhulisa isikhathi sokuhluma noma kungaholela ekwenqabelweni okuphelele kokuvela kwezithombo, ngoba imbewu ese-substrate egcwele amanzi ingavele yehle.

5. Isiqukathi esinezitshalo kufanele simbozwe ngefoyili noma ngepulasitiki ukuze kudaleke imbewu yokushisa, futhi kuyivikele elangeni.
6. Isiqukathi esinezitshalo kufanele sivulwe njalo futhi singeniswe umoya.
7. Uma inhlabathi isomile, kufanele iswakanyiswe ngokufafaza ngebhodlela lesifutho.
8. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-2-3 agcwele kumahlumela amancane, ihlumela ngalinye lingafakwa ebhodweni elizimele.
9. Isitshalo esinjalo ngokuvamile siqhakaza izinyanga eziyi-8-10 ngemuva kokukhiwa.

Izithelo

Ukuze usatshalaliswe ngokusika, udinga ukulandela uchungechunge lwezenzo:

1. Sika isiqu esincane esitshalweni esidala, okufanele okungenani sibe namaqabunga ama-2 agcwele nesiqu esifushane esingamasentimitha angu-1-1.5.
2. Kuyadingeka ukutshala leli hlumela embizeni ehlukile, ne-substrate ejwayele ukutshala ama-gerberas.
3. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngokushesha, kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu noma ngembiza.
4. Inhlabathi ezungeze ihlumela kufanele ifakwe njalo.
5. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kufanelekile ukususa ifilimu noma imbiza bese usakaza ihlumela.
6. Uhlelo lwempande luqala ukuthuthukisa izinsuku eziyi-14-20 ngemuva kokutshala ama-cuttings.
7. Lapho nje isitshalo siqala ukukhula ngamandla, kuyadingeka ukuqeda izimo ze-greenhouse, futhi sinikeze i-gerbera ngokunakekela, ngokohlelo, njengesitshalo esidala.

Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla

Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha konyaka kwe-gerbera, isihlahla esidala, okungenani esineminyaka engama-4 ubudala, singahlukaniswa sibe izitshalo eziningana ezihlukene.

Lokhu kudinga:

1. Susa isitshalo ebhodweni.
2. Susa ngokucophelela inhlabathi esele ezimpandeni, ingagezwa ngesisombululo seFundazole.
3. Hlukanisa ingxenye yezimpande zesitshalo ibe amahlumela ahlukene, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi esitshalweni ngasinye esisha okungenani kunamaphoyinti wokukhula asebenzayo angama-2-3.
4. Tshala zonke izitshalo ezimbizeni ezihlukene ngomshini ojwayelekile okhulayo we-gerbera.
5. Ukunakekela izitshalo ezincane kuyafana nokwama-gerberas amadala.

IGerbera ingahle ibonakale njengesitshalo okunzima ukusinakekela, kepha ngendlela efanelekile futhi ulandela yonke imithetho nezidingo zembali uqobo, ungathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukulungisa inhlabathi, ukuchelela kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvikela kanye nomanyolo kuzosiza ukukhulisa i-gerbera ephelele engadini noma ekhaya, futhi yena uzojabulisa wonke umuntu ngezimbali zayo ezimangazayo.