Imbali yenjabulo nokufudumala - ukujwayelana ne-gerbera ebomvu

Send

Ama-gerberas abomvu efasiteleni azoba umhlobiso wangempela wanoma yiliphi ikhaya. Lezi zimbali zasendle ezishisayo zikhuliswe ngempumelelo ekhaya iminyaka eminingi. Vele, abalimi bazamile ngakho konke okusemandleni abo ukuzala izinhlobo ezizohlala ezimeni zasendlini.

Uma ufunda zonke izinselele zokunakekela i-gerbera yasekhaya, khona-ke izokujabulisa ngokuqhakaza isikhathi eside. Ama-gerberas abomvu abonisa injabulo nokufudumala futhi akulethe ekhaya lakho.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Kunenganekwane ephelele ngemvelaphi yembali ye-gerbera. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakukhona i-nymph ehlathini Herb. Lo mmeleli wobulili obuhle wayenobuhle obungakaze bube khona. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe, kwaba nokubhekelwa okwengeziwe ku-gerbera kwabanye. Wakhathala ngabathandi abacasulayo futhi waphenduka waba yimbali yasendle enesizotha - i-gerbera.

Le yinganekwane nje, kepha iqiniso liyi-prosaic kakhulu. Emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, abahambi abangamaDashi eningizimu ye-Afrika bathola izitshalo ezinezimbali ezinhle ngokungavamile. Ngo-1737, isazi sezitshalo uJan Gronovius waqala ukutadisha ubunjalo balezi zimbali nencazelo yazo. Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho owayazi igama lembali yasendle, futhi uJan wayiqamba ngegama lomngane wakhe, umuthi wamakhambi uTraugott Gerber.

Bese kutholakala izimbali zasendle zazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala - obomvu, ophuzi, owolintshi, opinki, omhlophe, kepha hhayi okwesibhakabhaka, awekho ama-gerberas aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Njengamanje kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-gerbera ebomvu, imvelaphi yazo ingumphumela womsebenzi wabafuyi.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

IGerbera isitshalo esingapheli somndeni wakwa-Asteraceae. Indawo yemvelaphi yezinhlobo eziningi yiNingizimu Afrika, iMadagascar.

I-rhizome yesitshalo inamandla, ithuthukiswe kahle, inamagatsha. Isiqu sifushane, siphezulu, sivela ku-rosette eyisisekelo, imvamisa i-pubescent kancane. I-peduncle ngayinye ayishadile.

Amaqabunga kaGerbera ahlinzekwa ngomunwe, anciphile, aneziphetho ezicijile, angafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-35 ubude. Baqoqwa kusokhethi yezimpande. Isithelo se-gerberas yi-achene efanele, i-1 gram iqukethe imbewu engu-300-500.

Imbali incazelo

I-inflorescence yesitshalo ivame ukuqhathaniswa nediski yelanga, elizungezwe yimisebe yalo. Lesi siqhathaniso sinika imbali ngesifanekiselo esihle, esakhayo nesiqinisa impilo. Ngenxa yemibala yayo ekhanyayo, Imbali ye-gerbera isiphenduke uphawu lokudlala, injabulo yomuntu, injabulo nemfudumalo.

Abakwa-Florists bathi ngolimi lwezimbali, i-red gerbera iwuphawu lwesizotha, imfihlakalo, ubumsulwa nobumsulwa.

Ngokususelwa kuzo zonke izincazelo zesitshalo, kuyisiko ukunikeza i-gerbera kubantu esinomuzwa ophakeme wothando kubo, inhlonipho, ukwazisa, ukubabaza nokuzinikela. Ama-gerberas abomvu kaningi anikezwa amadoda ukuthi aveze isimemezelo sothando futhi adlulise injabulo yangempela.

Ukubukeka

Ama-gerberas abomvu angaba ngawo wonke ama-shades asondele kumbala omkhulu. Wonke ama-gerberas abomvu angajwayelekile angumphumela wemisebenzi yabafuyi bangaphandle. Ama-gerberas abomvu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo, ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu:

elula - izimbali ezifanayo ngesakhiwo se-chamomile;
terry - izimbali ezifanayo ngesakhiwo se-aster;
semi-kabili - izimbali ezinezimbali ezimbili ze-aster, kepha isikhungo esichazwe kahle.

Ngosayizi wembali, ama-gerberas abomvu yilawa:

okuncanyana okupendayo - kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi;
enamabala amakhulu - kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi.

Ama-gerberas abomvu nawo ayahluka ngesimo samaqabunga:

okubanzi
amacembe aphakathi nendawo;
emincane-petaled.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-gerbera ebomvu, edume kakhulu kubo:

Ukukhanya Okumnandi.
USophie.
URachel.
Alde inqama.
U-Veronica.
UPeter.
UPluto.
I-Romeo.

Isithombe

Bheka isithombe sama-gerberas abomvu:

Imithetho yokutshala kanye namathiphu

Ukuze i-gerbera ebomvu ikhule futhi ithuthuke, idinga ukudala izimo ezinethezekile zokuphila.

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

UGerbera uzizwa ekhululekile emakamelweni anezinga lokushisa elingu- + 16-20 C... Kunzima kancane ukudala izimo ezinjalo ekhaya, ngoba imvamisa kufudumele emafulethini. Ngakho-ke, ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, i-gerbera kufanele ifakwe umthunzi ibekwe ezindaweni ezinomoya omncane nokufinyelela njalo emoyeni omusha.

Ibhodwe elinesitshalo lingabekwa kahle kuvulandi, i-loggia noma emgwaqweni. Le nkohliso ilungele intwasahlobo nehlobo.

UGerbera uthanda ukukhanya okwanele, kepha uma kushisa kakhulu kudingeka uyivikele ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuyingozi. Uma kungekho ukukhanya okwanele ebusika, ungangezela isitshalo nge-phytolamp.

Indawo ekahle yokubeka ibhodwe ngesitshalo kuzoba amawindi asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.

Ukunisela nomswakama womoya

UGerbera uthanda ukuchelela ngokulingene. Okwakhe Kokubili umswakama omile ebhodweni nokoma komhlaba kuyingozi... Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa kuze kube kathathu ngesonto, kuncike ekumeni kwenhlabathi.

Ezikhathini ezibandayo, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi inqubo kufanele yenziwe kuphela lapho ikhoma lobumba loma. Ukuze unisele, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela amanzi ahlungiwe futhi axazululwe. Ngaphambi kokuchelela, amanzi kufanele afudunyezwe kancane.

OKUBALULEKILE! Kufanele uthele amanzi ngobumnene emaphethelweni ebhodwe enhlabathini, ungavumeli umswakama ungene endaweni yezimpande zamaqabunga. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

Inketho yokunisela engcono ukuchelela nge-sump. Usebenzisa le ndlela, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthulula amanzi esampeni ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 uchele.

UGerbera ukhetha amazinga aphezulu omswakama... Uma igumbi lomile, umswakama unganyuswa ngokufafaza amanzi emoyeni ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Ungafutha i-gerbera, kepha kufanele ukwenze ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Uma kunokungabaza mayelana nokufafaza isitshalo, nemiphumela yenqubo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyeka lo msebenzi.

Imbiza yokutshala imbali kufanele ithathwe iphansi, ngenhla ebanzi. Kubalulekile, lapho utshala, ukusebenzisa amanzi ezansi ebhodweni.

Izidingo zenhlabathi

Ukutshala i-gerbera izinhlobo ezilandelayo zenhlabathi zifanelekile:

inhlabathi ethengwe indawo yonke ngokufakwa kwamalahle e-vermiculite namalahle agayiwe;
ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo yama-roses ngokufaka i-vermiculite namalahle agayiwe;
inhlanganisela elungiselelwe uqobo yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat, exutshwe ku-2: 1: 1 ratio.

Inhlabathi yokutshala ama-gerberas asekhaya kufanele ibe njalo:

okuxekethile;
kuvuleka;
uphefumula;
i-asidi engathathi hlangothi;
ephansi ezintweni eziphilayo.

Umanyolo

I-Gerbera ingondliwa kuphela ngamanyolo wamaminerali wezitshalo eziqhakazayo - i-phosphorus, i-potash, i-nitrogen amalungiselelo. Imvamisa yokukhulelwa kufanele ibe kanye njalo emavikini ama-2 esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo kanye kanye ngenyanga ngenkathi ebandayo.

OKUBALULEKILE! IGerbera, njenganoma iziphi izimbali zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ayikubekezeleli ukondliwa okuphilayo.

Unakekela kanjani?

Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni okufanele kwe-gerbera:

ukuchelela okulingene kepha okujwayelekile;
ukupholisa njalo kwegumbi;
ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lomswakama ekamelweni;
ngesikhathi esifudumele, thatha ibhodwe ngesitshalo ngaphandle;
fafaza amaqabunga esitshalo, ugweme umswakama ngeziqu, izimbali kanye namafihlekile;
susa izimbali ezifiphele esitshalweni ukuze inqubo yokuthuthuka kwayo ingavinjelwa;
yenza ukudla okuvamile.

Izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane

UGerbera uboleka ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezilandelayo:

I-Whitefly - uvemvane oluncane, lwanda ngokushesha okukhulu, izibungu zesinambuzane zihlasela amaqabunga, ziphenduka masinyane ziphuzi futhi ziwe.
Izimali ezisekelwe ePermethrin zizosiza empini. Udinga ukufafaza isitshalo esithintekile njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuze kuphele zonke izibungu nezimvemvane.
Isicabucabu - sidonsa ingxenye engaphansi yesitshalo kubulembu obumhlophe, idle ubisi lweziqu namaqabunga, isitshalo siyoma bese siyafa.
Ukuwashwa njalo kwamaqabunga ngamanzi anensipho kuzosiza ukuqeda lesi silokazane. Ungaphatha futhi ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane - iFitoverm, Antiklesh, Fufanon, Aktellik. Ukufafazwa kaningi komoya ekamelweni kuzosebenza; i-mite ayibekezeleli umswakama.
I-Aphid - akulula ukuyibona ngeso lenyama, kepha ithuthuka ngamakholomu futhi ithinte ngokushesha amahlumela kanye namahlumela amancane.
Ukususa ama-aphid, isisombululo se-anabasine sulphate noma i-nicotine sulphate esilinganisweni segremu elilodwa ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi kufanelekile.

AmaGerberas avame ukuhlushwa yizifo zefungal kanye ne-virus njenge:

i-fusarium ne-verticillosis - kukhona ubumnyama nokumnyama kwezimpande nengxenye yezimpande zeziqu;
ukubola okumpunga - amaqabunga neziqu ziqiniswa ngokuqhakaza okumpunga okuluhlaza, isitshalo siyafa ngokuphelele;
isikhutha esiyimpuphu - ubuso bamaqabunga bumbozwe ukuqhakaza, amaqabunga aba mnyama futhi agobe;
ukulimala kwesikhathi - amabala amnyama amnyama avela emaqabungeni nasesiqu, aminyene kakhulu, njengezicubu. Iziqu nezimpande kuyabola.

OKUBALULEKILE! Ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke lezi zifo kuvame ukucasulwa ukutshala okujule kakhulu kwesitshalo nokunisela kakhulu.

Ukugwema izifo, udinga:

lawula ubuningi nokuvama kokuchelela;
amanzi ngokuqinile kude neziqu ezisemhlabeni wamahhala noma ngokunisela nge-pallet;
izingxenye zesitshalo lapho kubonakala khona umonakalo wangaphandle kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha futhi zibhujiswe, futhi indawo yokusikeka nekhefu kufanele iphathwe ngomlotha wokhuni;
yenza ukubulala amagciwane njalo kwenhlabathi (ikakhulukazi lapho utshala kabusha) ngesisombululo somuthi - iFundazol.

Izici zokuzala

Zonke izinhlobo ze-gerbera zizala ngezindlela ezintathu.

Ukwahlukanisa isihlahla

Le ndlela isetshenziselwa kangcono ukufakelwa kwezitshalo minyaka yonke. Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla, udinga:

Thatha isihlahla somuntu omdala esinezindawo zokukhula eziningana.
Susa isihlahla ebhodweni elidala, qhubeka ngokucophelela okukhulu, njengoba uhlelo lwempande ye-gerbera luthambe kakhulu.
Shake izimpande zezinsalela zenhlabathi, ungahlanza ngesisombululo seFundazole.
Ngommese obukhali, hlukanisa izimpande zibe yizicucu ukuze isihlahla ngasinye esisha sibe nendawo yaso yokukhula.
Phatha ukusikeka ngomlotha wokhuni.
Tshala izihlahla ezintsha ku-substrate ejwayelekile.

Imbewu

Ukukhulisa isitshalo kusuka embewini, kufanelekile ukulandela i-algorithm elandelayo:

Thatha isitsha sepulasitiki esinesivalo noma ipalangwe lokhuni nesiqeshana sokugoqwa kwepulasitiki.
Gcwalisa isitsha nge-peat substrate.
Manzisa umhlabathi ngebhodlela lokufafaza.
Spread imbewu phezu kwenhlabathi emanzi bese uyifafaza kancane ngesihlabathi.
Mboza isitsha ngesivalo noma usiqinise ngefilimu, ngaleyo ndlela kudalelwa izimo zokushisa okushisa imbewu.
Amahlumela okuqala avela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kwezi-14, phakathi nalesi sikhathi izitshalo zidinga ukufuthwa umoya bese zithambisa umhlabathi kancane.
Vula isitsha ngamahlumela amancane.
Lapho nje amaqabunga ama-2-3 evela kumahlumela, ungafaka izithombo ezimbizeni ezihlukile.

Izithelo

Le ndlela yokuzalanisa i-gerbera iyona elula ukuyenza. Ngokuxhunyelelwa uzodinga:

Esitshalweni esidala, sika isiqu esifushane esinamaqabunga amaningana.
Tshala leli hlumela engxenyeni yesihlabathi se-peat.
Ungasimboza isithombo ngembiza noma nge-foil, uvule umoya ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 kuya ku-20, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwempande olusha, bese lungatshalwa lube yindawo ejwayelekile endaweni yokukhula.

Yinhle kanjani i-gerbera! Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zembali zikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezimbali. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimbali ezibomvu, ezibomvana, ezimhlophe, eziphuzi nezolintshi kuzojabulisa futhi kuzohlala kwimemori yakho ngokuqhuma kwemizwelo egqamile emibalabala. Futhi i-gerbera kaJameson izomane ibambe noma ngubani!

Isiphetho

Njengoba usufunde zonke izinselele zokunakekela ama-gerber ekhaya, ungakha ipharadesi elishisayo ekhaya. Lezi zimbali kulula ukuzinakekela, futhi izindlela zokusabalalisa ziyatholakala ukukhulisa izibonelo ezintsha ngomzamo omncane.

Send