Ukunakekelwa nokulinywa kwesitshalo sendlu - i-hybrid gloxinia

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I-Gloxinia ibilinywa njengesitshalo sendlu isikhathi eside. Lesi sibonelo esishisayo kulula kakhulu ukusinakekela, kepha kusadinga ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukuze ubuhle obunjalo bujabulise iso isikhathi eside ngezimbali zalo eziningi futhi zonyaka, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela zonke izidingo zokunakekelwa kwakhe, ukutshala nokuzala.

Ngezansi uzobona ukuthi kubukeka kanjani, thola izeluleko namasu adingekayo.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Lesi sitshalo sinamagama amabili ajwayelekile - iGloxinia neSinningia.... Ngo-1785, kwatholakala isitshalo eBrazil - ama-gloxinia amachashazi. Igama linikezwe ukuhlonipha isazi sezitshalo nodokotela uPeter Gloksin. Isitshalo sakhe saba ummeleli wokuqala wohlobo lonke.

Ngo-1825, kwatholakala futhi kwachazwa omunye ummeleli walesi sitshalo, okwahluka ekwakhekeni kwembali kanye nokuba khona kwesigaxa. Lesi sitshalo sayiswa eLondon Botanic Garden, kanti isazi sezitshalo uWilhelm Sinning sasifunda. Ukumdumisa, lo mmeleli womndeni wakwaGesneriev wabizwa ngokuthi yi-sinningnia.

I-REFERENCE! Kamuva, igama elithi Sinningnia lanikwa i-Gloxinia kuphela, futhi zonke ezinye izinhlobo zahlala i-gloxinia, okusho ngesiJalimane ukuthi insimbi. Kepha lesi sitshalo sinamagama amabili, elinye lijwayele i-botany - i-synningnia, kanti elinye labalimi bezimbali nezimfundamakhwela - i-gloxinia. Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo - iMexico, iBrazil, ne-Andes.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

I-Gloxinia isitshalo esingapheli somndeni wakwaGesneriaceae. Lezi yizitshalo ezishisayo kakhulu. Ziyi-semi-shrub, shrub kanye ne-herbaceous. Isistimu yezimpande i-scaly, i-branched kahle, kwezinye izinhlobo ingxenye yezimpande iyisifo sofuba. Isiqu simile, sihamba ze, sinodaka onoboya.

Amaqabunga esitshalo ajwayelekile, amile okweqanda, awavamisile ukuba mathathu, ahlukile. Amaqabunga angacwebezela noma abe yi-terry kancane... Izimbali zizodwa, ziphuma kuma-axils, zikhanya, zinkulu, zimise okwensimbi. ICorollas iyizigaxa, ingaba mhlophe, nsundu, nsomi futhi ibomvana. Kukhona njalo ama-stamens ama-4, kepha ayikho i-nectary. Imbewu incane, kuningi kakhulu.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezitshalo, zingabandakanya izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, kepha incazelo esondele yokubukeka kwazo nezici zayo kuzofana.

Kujiyile

Izitshalo zineziqu ezinkulu. Ukuphakama kwabo akufinyeleli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5. Amaqabunga made, aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-19. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani, ocwebezelayo. Amaqabunga aqoqwa nge-basal rosette. ICorollas inebhubhu evulekile ebanzi evulekile ebheke phezulu. Ishubhu liqukethe amafolda ayisihlanu afekethisiwe. Umbala wezimbali ungahlukahluka.

Ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, umngcele omhlophe uhamba emaphethelweni amafolda.... Ezimweni eziningi, i-bitmap ingabonakala ngokujulile kushubhu. Lesi sitshalo sinesilima, izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwa kahle ebusika zombili ebhodweni lazo nangaphandle. Izimbali zingasakazeka ngembewu, kulokhu ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-8 emva kokutshala.

Okunemibala emikhulu

Izitshalo zaleli qembu zifinyeze iziqu, ezingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-2-5 ukuphakama. I-gloxinia enezimbali ezinkulu inesihlahla "esincane". Njengoba amaqabunga engeqi amasentimitha ayi-10 ngobude, futhi awekho amaningi awo. Amaqabunga ajwayelekile, acwebezelayo. I-corolla yembali ibukeka njengofeleba, ibanzi, ivulekile. Unqenqema lunamaqhuzu ayisithupha ajiyile aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-12 ububanzi.

Izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zi-wavy eceleni konqenqema, azivamisile ukuba neziphetho. Ama-Perianths alolu hlobo ahlala edwetshiwe kumathoni e-velvet. Izitshalo zinesifo sofuba, izilimo eziyizigaxa zazo azibekezeleli kahle ubusika, zidinga ukucubungulwa okwengeziwe ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokugcina. Zanda kahle ngembewu, ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ziyaqhakaza ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. I-gloxinia enemifudlana emikhulu iyabekezelela ukunakekelwa.

Okuhlobisa

Iziqu zezitshalo zingakhula zifike kumasentimitha ayi-7 ukuphakama... Amahlamvu omumo oyindilinga ofanele. Ishidi lingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ubude. Amaqabunga e-Ornamental Gloxinia entekenteke kakhulu. Umbala wamaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi unsundu. I-corolla yezimbali inebhubhu evulekile emile evulekile. Izimbali ezinjalo zingaba nokugoba okunama-lobed ayisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ububanzi bend lungaba ngamasentimitha angama-12.

Izimbali zinkulu, zibonakala zikhulu kakhulu esihlahleni esinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo. Izimbali ze-gloxinia yokuhlobisa zihlala zikhanya ngombala, kuyaqabukela umbala wazo ungathandeki, uvame ukubopha, ukubala, imthende, umugqa ngokugoba.

ICEBISO! Lesi sitshalo sinesilima, izilimo zalo eziyizigaxa zasebusika kahle, ebhodweni lazo noma esitsheni esinesihlabathi.

Zingaki izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ezikhona?

Izinhlobo ze-Gloxinia zinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-25. Izinhlobo zezitshalo azinakubalwa, ngoba abalimi bahlala bethuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha. Okudume kakhulu kubo:

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Yesenia;
izinhlobonhlobo zeBohemia;
I-Kaiser Wilhelm cultivar;
Izinhlobonhlobo zeJasmine;
iqembu izinhlobo Tydea;
okuhlukahlukene Umhlangano wamathuba;
Ibanga le-Grozovoy Pass;
Izinhlobonhlobo zeTigrina;
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBlue Pearl;
Izinhlobonhlobo zePhathi Dude;
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Ozark Pink Popcorn;
Izinhlobonhlobo zeSinningia leucotricha.

Imithetho yokutshala kanye namathiphu

Ngokukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izici zokuqukethwe kwaso - indawo elula, ukukhanyisa, umswakama kanye nokushisa komoya, imbiza efanele nenhlabathi.

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

Ekhaya, i-gloxinia ikhula kahle ekamelweni lokushisa elijwayelekile kubantu. Akubekezeleli ukushisa kahle, akufanele ubeke imbali egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela khona + 28C. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nokuqhakaza, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka- + 22-24C futhi lingabi ngaphansi kuka- + 16C. Ubusika obuncane bokugcina okujwayelekile kwezilimo eziyizigaxa + 10-14C.

Indawo yokuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwe-gloxinia kufanele ikhethwe kahle, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokukhanyisa okwengeziwe. Izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokubeka ibhodwe nge-gloxinia kungaba iwindi lewindi, kuvulandi ocwebezelisiwe. Okufanelekile, ingilazi eseduze kwesitshalo izovuleka, kepha kufanele futhi ivikele nembali emoyeni.

I-Gloxinia ithanda umswakama womoya olinganiselayo, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlomisa igumbi nge-humidifier, ngezikhathi ezithile ungafaka umoya ekamelweni futhi uhlaze umoya ngokufafaza amanzi ebhodleleni le-spray.

Izidingo zenhlabathi

Ukutshala i-gloxinia, ukwakheka okulandelayo kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka:

Izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi enamaqabunga;
1 ingxenye yomhlaba we-peat noma we-greenhouse;
1 ingxenye yesihlabathi somfula.

Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-asidi ephansi futhi iphefumuleke... Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuyikhulula kahle. Kubalulekile futhi ukungcolisa umhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisombululo se-ejenti ekhethekile "Maxim" kufanelekile, ngamalitha amabili amanzi 1 ampoule yomuthi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, amanzi afanele kufanele abekwe phansi ebhodweni. Ibhodwe le-gloxinia kufanelekile ukuthenga elingajulile kepha elibanzi. Njengoba uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo lukha phezulu futhi aludingi ukungcwatshwa okuqinile.

OKUBALULEKILE! Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele uhlelo lwempande, ibanga lamasentimitha angu-4-5 liyadingeka phakathi kwe-tuber nodonga lomkhumbi.

Ungayinakekela kanjani kahle?

IGloxinia inezici eziningi ezibalulekile ekuzinakekeleni:

Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ingxenye yomhlabathi yesitshalo iyafa, udinga ukulinda kuze kuphele le nqubo yodwa.
Lapho ingxenye yomhlabathi ifile, lesi sitshalo sishiya isikhathi esingahleli, lapho sidinga ukukhulelwa nge-potassium monophosphate. Lapho ushintshela enkathini yokulala, umanyolo we-nitrogen awukwazi ukufakwa ebhodweni lesitshalo.
I-Gloxinia, nakanjani, kufanele ithole ukushisa okukhanyayo amahora angu-14 ngosuku, lokhu kunganikezwa ngokukhanyisa okwengeziwe ngamalambu akhethekile.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela i-gloxinia ngenkathi yokukhula kuningi. Amanzi kufanele athambile, ahlaliswe futhi afudumele ngo-2-3C kunamazinga okushisa egumbi. Unganisela i-gloxinia kuthileyi noma emaphethelweni ebhodwe. Uma ukuchelela kwenziwa nge-pallet, emva kwemizuzu engama-20-30 amanzi asele kuwo kufanele asuswe.

Ehlobo ngenkathi eyomile, ukuchelela kwenziwa kuze kube kathathu ngesonto... Ngenkathi ebandayo, le nqubo kufanele yehliswe ibe ngama-2-3 ngenyanga, njengoba inhlabathi iyoma. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, kepha futhi kuvimbele umhlabathi ukuba womile.

Izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane

I-Gloxinia isengozini yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjalo:

amaqabunga aphuzi - ngenxa yomswakama ophansi nokuntuleka kwelanga;
amabala ansundu emaqabungeni - vuka ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi abandayo okunisela;
amaqabunga aphaphathekile futhi akukho ukuqhakaza - ngenxa yokungakhanyi kahle nokuntuleka kokudla kwezitshalo.

Izinambuzane ezithinta i-gloxinia:

isicabucabu - iqinisa ingxenye yasemhlabeni ye-gloxinia ngobulembu obumhlophe, bokulwa, ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwesitshalo ngama-acaricides kuyadingeka;
ama-thrips nezintwala - izinambuzane ezincane, ukuhlasela izitshalo ezinamakholoni futhi kufa ngokuphelele, ekubonisweni kwabo kokuqala, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kuyadingeka.

Izici zokuzala

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-gloxinia kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu.

Imbewu

Kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari, udinga ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, i-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1.

Ungayingcwaba imbewu, kepha uyifafaze kancane ngomhlaba.
Beka isitsha ngezimbewu endaweni ekhanyayo nefudumele, fafaza inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi afudumele.
Uma kunesidingo, vala izitshalo ngephepha bese uvunguza umoya ngezikhathi ezithile.
Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-14-20. Amahlumela anamaqabunga ama-2-3 asevele efakwa ebhodweni lawo.

Izithelo

Kusikwa iqabunga eline-petiole encane engamasentimitha angu-1-1.5.
I-petiole igxilile enhlanganisweni ye-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1) futhi imbozwe ukudala umphumela wokushisa.
Faka umoya izithombo kanye ngosuku.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, kwakhiwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane, bese isitshalo singavulwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, sitshalwe kabusha.

Ngemuva kwalokho uzobona ukuthi le nqubo yenzeka kanjani.:

Ukuhlukaniswa kweTuber

Ishubhu esikhulu esinempilo sihlanzwa ngezinsalela zenhlabathi futhi sihlukaniswe saba izingxenye ngommese obukhali.
Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ibe nokuphunyuka.
Izindawo zokusike zome ngomlotha wokhuni.
Ucezu ngalunye lutshalwa ebhodweni njengesihubhu esigcwele. Unganiseli izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala.

Akekho umlimi ongakaze ahlangane nesitshalo esinjenge-gloxinia. Kudala anqoba izinhliziyo ngobuhle bakhe. Zonke izidingo ezichaziwe zokumnakekela azinzima, ngakho-ke ungabuthola ngokuphepha ubuhle obunjalo ekhaya.

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