Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-orchid eluhlaza: indlela yokutshala imbali ebhodweni ekhaya?
Njengoba yaqala ukuvela eYurophu cishe eminyakeni engama-400 edlule, i-orchid ngokushesha yahlaba umxhwele abalimi bezimbali ngobuhle bayo obungajwayelekile. Bobabili abayizimfundamakhwela nabalimi abanesipiliyoni ababonanga ngokushesha ukuthi bangasinakekela kanjani isitshalo esingajwayelekile.
Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-orchid aqala ukugxila hhayi kuphela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kepha nasezindongeni zamafasitela. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zale mbali eshisayo. Namuhla uzofunda nge-orchid eluhlaza engavamile.
Sizokutshela ngezici zale mbali, izinhlobo zayo, imithetho yokunakekelwa, indlela yokuzala kabusha kulesi sihloko. Ungabuka futhi ividiyo ewusizo ngalesi sihloko.
Ziyini lezi zimbali?
QAPHELA: I-Orchid iyimbali engapheli ye-herbaceous, imvamisa isihlahla noma i-liana ekhula ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezipholile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-35 zalezi zimbali emhlabeni ezinephunga elimnandi lezimo ezahlukahlukene nemibala.
Ububanzi besayizi be-orchid bukhulu kakhulu - kusuka kumasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha angama-35 ukuphakama. Ama-orchid amaningi angama-epiphyte akhula ezihlahleni, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo zomhlaba.
Ukubukeka kwesitshalo nakho kuyehluka - isiqu esiluhlaza singaba sifushane, side, sime noma sinyakaze. Amaqabunga alula, ayashintshana. Isitshalo singaba nehlamvu elilodwa lesikhumba, elikhonjiwe noma elithambile. Kodwa umhlobiso oyinhloko we-orchid yizimbali ezinemibala ehlukene: i-orange, ephuzi, eluhlaza, ensundu, emhlophe, i-lilac. Kunezimbali ezimile njengamaxoxo, izibankwa, amajuba nama-swans, izimvemvane, izinyosi, iminyovu namabhu.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Okuhlaza kungumthunzi ongajwayelekile wezimbali, cishe ongakaze utholakale emvelweni. Ama-orchid ezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo angaba luhlaza:
- Phakathi kwe-phalaenopsis, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezisondele kokuluhlaza okotshani: i-Amalfi neBellina yombala obushelelezi ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okomlomo onombala onsomi, i-Violacea alba eluhlaza okotshani, iSunrise Goldmour enamacembe aluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo.
- IPaphiopedilum lawrenceanum noma iVenus Slipper enemithambo emhlophe noluhlaza.
- Izinkomo ze-Bowring eziluhlaza ezibucayi ne-Luteous Forb ezinamacembe aluhlaza alula.
- ICymbodium Sessa Ubuhle obuluhlaza obuvela kulolu hlu ngumbala oluhlaza kakhulu, ogcwele.
Isithombe
Ama-orchid akhanyayo aluhlaza okotshani futhi aluhlaza abukeka engajwayelekile... Bheka izithombe zabo:
"Violacea alba"
Izinkomo Bowring
"I-Luteous Forb"
"Ubuhle beCymbodium Sessa Green"
Umlando wokuzala
Ama-orchid okuqala alethwe eYurophu anyamalala - khona-ke abalimi bebengakakwazi ukuzinakekela. Kepha sekuvele maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ukufunwa kwezimbali kukhuphuke kakhulu kangangokuba lezo ezingenisiwe zazingatholakali. Lapho-ke babengazi ukuthi bangayitshala kanjani i-orchid kusuka ezimbewini - izimbali ngokwazo azinampova, futhi izinambuzane zazingavunyelwe eduze kwazo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kwasungulwa indlela yokuzalanisa inzalo ngendlela yokuvundisa impova - ngale ndlela ungalawula kangcono izimfanelo ezizuzwe njengefa. Namuhla, ngemizamo yabakhulu babafuyi emhlabeni wonke, okungenani izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 zama-hybridi ziye zafuywa, zahlukaniswa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle nombala wazo - okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okunsomi, okuluhlaza nokunye.
Ukukhula ebhodweni
I-orchid kufanele inakekelwe kahle, equkethe izimo ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:
- Nisela isitshalo ngokucophelela - kungcono ukungagcwalisi ngokweqile kunokuchichima... Amanzi kufanele afudumele, ahlungiwe, kodwa angabiliswa. Kungcono ukunisela emva kokuba inhlabathi isome ngokuphelele.
- I-orchid idinga ukuthola ukukhanya okwanele, kepha awukwazi ukuyibeka elangeni ngqo - emini idinga ukufiphazwa. Nge-cymbadium, khetha i-sill empumalanga, entshonalanga, noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
OKUBALULEKILE: Uma ukukhanya kukhulu kakhulu, izimbali namaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza bese eba phuzi.
- Ama-orchid - izimbali ezithanda ukushisa... ICymbadium, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphakeme kahle - aze afike ku-35-38 but, kepha ebusuku izinga lokushisa kufanele lehle ngo-8-15 ℃. Ekwindla nasebusika, izinga lokushisa egumbini elinembali akufanele likhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-18 ℃.
- Umswakama wegumbi nawo ubalulekile... I-orchid eluhlaza ayidingi umswakama ophakeme - 25-30% yanele, kwesinye isikhathi ingakhuphukela ku-35-40%. Umswakama omncane awamukeleki - umoya owomile uholela isitshalo ekufeni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondliwa okulungile kwe-phalaenopsis eluhlaza kwenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhula kwamahlumela amasha, hhayi ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini amathathu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izixazululo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukukhulelwa kwezimpande.
Ungaphinda ufafaze amahlamvu embali ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokulala nokuqhakaza, ukudla akuvunyelwe..
Ungadluli ngokweqile ngesixazululo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-substrate ingaba nosawoti. Futhi, ungasebenzisi omanyolo beminye imibala kuma-orchid. Esitolo ungathenga umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi: i-Kornevin, i-Royal Mix kanye ne "World of Flowers" kusuka eRostagro.
Buka ividiyo kumanyolo ofanele wama-orchid:
Dlulisa
I-orchid eluhlaza, njengabanye, kufanele itshalwe kahle.... Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, uma kungekho zinkomba ezikhethekile zalokhu - izifo zezimpande, ukukhubazeka kwe-substrate. Isikhathi esihle sifika lapho amahlumela amasha efinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Inqubo yokufakelwa ngokwayo ijwayelekile - ukukhishwa kwe-phalaenopsis kusuka ku-substrate endala, ukuhlolwa nokusika izimpande, ukutshala enhlabathini entsha. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, beka i-orchid eluhlaza endaweni enomthunzi.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nokufakelwa kwe-orchid okulungile:
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ekhaya, i-orchid eluhlaza izala kabusha ngokungafani. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isihlahla esikhulu sihlukaniswe saba izingxenye, ngasinye sazo kufanele okungenani sibe nama-pseudobulbs amathathu. Ama-pseudobulbs amadala angenamaqabunga nawo afanele ukukhiqizwa, ahlukaniswe futhi ahlume ngokwahlukana. Lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20-28 ℃ ngokufuthwa okujwayelekile kuze kuvele amahlumela. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitshalo sitshalwa embizeni ehlukile.
ICEBISO: Kungcono abalimi abangenalwazi ukuthi bangahlanganyeli ekusakazeni izimbali, ngoba ungadala umonakalo ongenakulungiswa ku-orchid.
Bukela ividiyo ekhiqiza kabusha (ukuvuselela) i-orchid ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla:
Izinambuzane nezifo
Izifo ezingathathelani zingaholela ekulimaleni nasekufeni kwama-orchid.kubangelwa izici ezinjalo:
- ukusha kwamaqabunga ngenxa yelanga eliqondile;
- ukuthungela endaweni yokushisa okushisa kakhulu;
- ukushisa ngokweqile noma i-hypothermia ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-10;
- ukungabi khona kokukhanya, okunciphisa ukuzivikela kwembali;
- ukweqisa noma ukushoda kwamaminerali kuholela ekuthambekeleni kwama-orchid okugula nokuyeka ukuqhakaza.
Umphumela wazo zonke lezi zinkinga kungaba izifo ezithathelwanayo - isikhunta, amabhaktheriya namagciwane.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kuma-orchid: isikali sezinambuzane, ama-mealybugs, ama-aphid, ama-thrips, izibungu ezibomvu, ama-whiteflies, izicabucabu. Kunezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethekile ezibhekiswe ngakunye kwazo, okumele zisetshenziswe ngokulandela imiyalo ekhonjisiwe kuzo.
Isiphetho
I-orchid iyisitshalo esingajwayelekile uqobo lwayo, futhi oluhlaza phakathi kwabo kufana neparele phakathi kwamatshe amatshe amancane. I-orchid engavamile, engavamile, enhle, eluhlaza ayisoze yaqashelwa... Nakekela kahle isitshalo sakho futhi uzokwazi ukubabaza ubuhle baso iminyaka eminingi.