Ukwelashwa kwe-Phalaenopsis orchid, incazelo nezithombe zezifo
I-Phalaenopsis yizitshalo ezingathobekile, ezinakekelwa kahle, ezingasoze zagula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhunta, amabhaktheriya, izinambuzane zingathelela imbali.
Uma izimpawu zokunqotshwa zingatholakali ngesikhathi, imbali izoqala ukukhula kabi, ithuthuke futhi izimbali zayo ziyeke. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, isitshalo siyafa.
Ziyini izimpawu zezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-orchid? Ungayiphatha kanjani futhi uyivimbele kanjani ukubonakala kwabo - funda ku.
Izici zezitshalo
Zonke i-phalaenopsis zingaphansi. Zikhula emvelweni ezihlahleni ezinkulu, zitshale iziphunzi njengokwesekwa. Imbali inesiqu esisodwa, ayinamagatsha. Ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-10-100 cm. Amaqabunga e-Orchid akhula kancane, kanye nesiqu. Amaqabunga ambalwa aluhlaza kuphela angavela ngonyaka. Zakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga aphezulu aqhakaza, kuyilapho lawo aphansi esakhiwa.
Ngabe izifo zihluke kanjani ezinambuzaneni?
Inkomba. Isifo se-Phalaenopsis yinto ejwayelekile, imbangela enkulu yayo ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Izifo zingaba ukhunta, igciwane, nokubola nakho kuvamile.
Ngamunye wabo unezimpawu zakhe, ezenza kube lula ukuzihlukanisa nezilokazane. Imvamisa, lapho imbali ithinteka yisifo, amaqabunga acishe abe mnyama masinyane, abune futhi awe (ungafunda kabanzi ngezifo zamaqabunga lapha). Futhi lapho izinambuzane zivakashele lesi sitshalo, yonke le nqubo yenzeka kancane kancane: amaqabunga ambozwa amabala, abuna kancane bese ewa kuphela. Lokhu kuvumela umlimi ukuba asabele ngesikhathi futhi asindise imbali.
Okuvame kakhulu ezimbalini
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-phalaenopsis zifaka:
Bola. Izici ezahlukahlukene zingayithinta. Umswakama ophezulu uhlala uyinhloko. Uma kunamabala amnyama athambile esiqwini noma esisekelweni, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona bokubola. Zonke izindawo ezithintekile zinqunywa ngokucophelela bese ziphathwa ngamalahle. Faka isitshalo emhlabathini omusha.
- Isikhunta se-Powdery. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe emaqabunga. Yisifo sefungal esibulala kancane isitshalo. Nisela isitshalo esithintekile ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal.
- Amabala amagciwane. Lesi sifo kulula ukusibona. Amabala amnyama akha amaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ayoma futhi amaqabunga agcwele amanxeba. Ukuxazulula inkinga, nquma izindawo ezithintekile bese ufafaza i-carbon powder esebenzayo. Uma ngemuva kwesikhashana amabala evela futhi, kuzodingeka uthenge amalungiselelo akhethekile.
Yiziphi izizathu?
Izizathu ezilandelayo zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ku-orchid:
- Ukwephulwa kombuso okhanyayo. I-Phalaenopsis ingeyezinhlobo ezibekezelela umthunzi zama-orchid. Bazizwa bekhululekile emafasiteleni abheke enyakatho.
Qaphela! Imisebe yelanga iyingozi kubo, futhi ukushisa okushisayo kungakhula uma kungena ngqo emaqabungeni. Azisilimazi kakhulu isitshalo, kepha zishiya ngemuva amabala amabi.
- Ukunisela okungafanele. I-orchid ithanda umswakama ophakeme, kepha iphendula kabi ekuniseleni njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubola nokuwa kwamaqabunga kungenzeka.
- Izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ekhaya, i-orchid inamathuba amancane okuba iqhwa. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba kusuka esitolo noma lapho kuhamba. Izindawo ezithintekile zimbozwa ngamabala amhlophe bese ziyafa. Umphumela ofanayo ungenzeka lapho ufafaza isitshalo emazingeni okushisa aphansi nangenxa yomoya omncane.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi kwenzekeni?
Ubunzima bokwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zangaphandle ziyefana nezilokazane. Ukuze ukwenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela imbali.
Uma kungatholakalanga kuphela izimpawu zomonakalo, kepha nezinambuzane, cishe-ke ziyimbangela yenkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwazi izimpawu eziyinhloko zezifo ezivamile ze-orchid. Lapho-ke kuzokwazi ukuqonda ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe inkathazo noma isifo.
Yiziphi izingxenye zesitshalo ezilimele?
Imvamisa, ukunqotshwa kusetshenziswa emaqabungeni, ezimpandeni kanye nesiqu sesitshalo. Ipuleti leqabunga liqala ukuphuzi, libune futhi lome. Uhlanga lube mnyama lube luyabola. Izimpande zivame ukuthinteka ukubola, ngenxa yalokho izimpande zayo zibola futhi zife (funda ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani izimpande ze-orchid lapha).
Incazelo yezinkinga, izithombe nokwelashwa
Bheka izithombe zesifo ngasinye nencazelo yaso.
I-Anthracnose
Lesi yisifo sefungal esakheka ngenxa yomswakama omkhulu namanzi amile. Ngenxa yalokho, kusha amafomu emaqabunga esitshalo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izindawo ezithintekile ezicutshini ezinempilo, bese uwafafaza ngomlotha. Uma isilonda sikhulu, khona-ke isitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngokuphelele ngamalungiselelo kaMikosan. Beka i-orchid ekamelweni elomile bese ukhipha njalo amanzi epanini.
Ukugqwala
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo amaphutha okunakekelwa. Ukwehlulwa kusetshenziswa emaqabunga esitshalo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo, nquma izindawo ezigulayo, ufafaze izindawo ezisikiwe nge-activated carbon powder. Nge-disinfection, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-20% yotshwala. Uma isilonda sikhulu kakhulu, sebenzisa iMikosan, iSkor noma iRidomil.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Umswakama ophezulu nokushisa kungathinta lesi sifo. Lesi sifo ungasibona ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe emaqabunga.
Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, nisela i-orchid ngokuphelele, futhi emva kwamahora amabili iphathe ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal usebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray. Ungasebenzisa futhi iFitosporin. Futha amaqabunga ngawo izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.
Ungasebenzisa amakhambi wesintu, isibonelo, insipho nesisombululo sesoda. Ukulungiselela, thatha ama-25 g we-soda, u-5 g wensipho engamanzi, amalitha ama-5 wamanzi ashisayo. Okokuqala, chaza isoda emanzini, bese ufaka insipho kuphela. Lapho nje isixazululo sesipholile, sifafaze njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10.
Amakhowe weSooty (amnyama)
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga e-orchid, aqina (funda ngamaqabunga anamathele ku-phalaenopsis lapha). Ukuqhuma okumnyama okuvelayo akuvumeli amaqabunga ukuthi athole ukukhanya kwelanga ngenani elidingekayo, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo siba buthaka.
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa sebenzisa isidakamizwa iMikosan, iRidomil, iTopsin-M, iSkor. Amakhambi abantu awasebenzi lapha.
Bola
Mnyama
Ngenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesifo kubonakala emahoreni ayi-12 ngemuva kokulimala. Amahlumela amancane avame ukuthinteka. Ziba mnyama futhi zimbozwe ngengubo enamathelayo.
Okubalulekile! Uma kutholakala ukubola okumnyama, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esinezifo kwesinempilo.
Ukudluliswa kwefungus eyingozi kwenzeka ngokuxhumana, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kunzima. Ingqikithi yayo ukuthi udinga ukususa izindawo ezithintekile, futhi uphathe ukusikeka ngesinamoni noma isici sesulfure. Ngemuva kokuthi zomile, ziphathe nge-fungicide.
Bukela ividiyo yokuthi ungayiwelapha kanjani i-Phalaenopsis ekuthelelweni yisikhunta esibelethweni somlomo wesibeletho:
Umsuka
Kuyisifo sebhaktheriya esenzeka lapho umswakama nokushisa kuphezulu. I-orchid iqala ukuba mnyama nezimpande zibole. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqabunga athola umbala othambile onsundu.
Ukuvuselelwa kwezimpande kufanele kuqalwe ngokuphatha isitshalo ngesixazululo se-fungicide nokususa izindawo ezithintekile. Inhlabathi nayo iyacutshungulwa. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa iFundazol noma iTopsin. Yenza ukucubungula okungenani ama-3 ngekhefu lamaviki ama-2.
Sikhulume ngokwelashwa kwalesi sifo sezimpande, bheka ukuthi le nkinga ibukeka kanjani esithombeni:
Okumpunga
it lesi sifo siwumphumela wokuphulwa kwemithetho yokunakekelwa. Ngokukhula kokubola okumpunga, kuvela amabala ezimbalini. Anombala omnyama, bese embozwa ukuqhakaza okumpunga.
Qaphela! Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, lesi sitshalo sizoba buthaka futhi sife.
Ukwelashwa kuncishisiwe ekususeni izindawo ezithintekile nokwelashwa kwefungicides. Uma ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala kungekho mphumela omuhle, khona-ke umuthi ofanayo awunakusetshenziswa, ngoba i-pathogen ye-grey rot ithole ukumelana nayo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokubola okumpunga nezimpande lapha.
Ukuvuselelwa okuphuthumayo ekhaya
Yini?
Ukuvuselelwa okuphuthumayo ukwelashwa okukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane futhi uvimbele ama-orchid.
Kudingeka nini?
Encwadini. Uphawu oluyinhloko umuntu angaqonda ngalo ukuthi imbali izokufa maduzane ukuba khona kwamaqabunga omile nawabuthakathaka, i-peduncle eyomile.
Uma amaqabunga ama-1-2 ebunile ngezansi, lokhu kuvamile. Kepha ngokwandiswa kwale nqubo kulo lonke ishidi lepuleti, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Siza i-orchid yakho uma igula bese uyisindisa ekufeni.
Ungonga kanjani?
Nalu uhlelo oluningiliziwe lokuthi ungavuselela kanjani i-orchid ngokwakho:
- Hlanza izimpande, ususe ezithintekile.
- Lungisa isitsha, uthele ubumba olwandisiwe phansi, bese upheqa ngokucophelela i-sphagnum ngaphezulu.
- Hlanganisa kahle ingxube.
- Beka i-rosette yeqabunga futhi kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sinezimpande ezinobude obungu-3-5 cm, sigcine simboziwe.
- Ukuvuselela i-orchid, kufanele kugcinwe lezi zimo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa lama-22-28 degrees, umswakama 70-100%. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube amahora angu-12-14 ngosuku.
Ukuvimbela ukubukeka
Ukuze i-orchid iqhume isikhathi eside futhi ijabule ngemibala egqamile, futhi lesi sifo asikaze simshaye, umhloli wezimbali kuzodingeka abheke lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhanyisa. Lesi sitshalo sifisa ukuba sendaweni lapho kunemisebe yelanga esikiwe. Ebusika, unganweba ubude bamahora emini usebenzisa amalambu we-spectral.
Ithempelesha. Ku-orchid, amazinga okushisa ama-25-30 degrees ehlobo kanye nama-20-25 degrees ebusika abhekwa njengolungile.
- Umoya. Ventilate phalaenopsis njalo, kepha gwema okusalungiswa.
- Umswakama. Kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwe-60-80%. Ukuze ukwandise, kufanele ubeke isitsha samanzi eduze nembiza yembali.
- Ukunisela. Futhisa kuphela ngemuva kokukhonkotha kwegxolo. Ukwenza lokhu, beka ibhodwe esitsheni samanzi isigamu sehora. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuthi i-phalaenopsis imunce inani elidingekayo liketshezi.
I-Phalaenopsis uhlobo lwe-orchid olumelana nezifo ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Kepha akufanele ukhululeke. Umlimi wezimbali kufanele ahlole njalo isitshalo, futhi uma kutholakala ukungajwayelekile, qala ngokushesha ukwelashwa.