Okufanele ukwenze uma i-orchid ine-fusarium: isithombe sesifo kanye nezincomo zokwelashwa

Ama-orchid phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali abhekwa njengezimbali zasendlini ezingenamqondo kakhulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba zikhula emvelweni ezimweni ezithile hhayi enhlabathini esiyijwayele.

Lesi sitshalo esingajwayelekile sihle kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezintekenteke.

Endabeni yokuzalanisa ama-orchid ekhaya, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela hhayi kuphela izindlela zokunakekelwa, kepha nezifo lapho izimbali zitholakala khona.

Kuyini ukubola kweFusarium?

Njengomthetho, ama-orchid athinteka yizinhlobo ezintathu zezifo, ezibangelwa amagciwane alandelayo:

1. Izilonda zesikhunta - eziningi kakhulu ngezinhlobo, zivela emaqabungeni ngendlela yokuqhakaza namabala amnyama ansundu e-putrefactive, zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziholele ekubhujisweni kwezimbali (ngalokho okwenza amaqabunga e-orchid abole nokuthi enzeni ngakho, funda lapha).
2. Izilonda zebhaktheriya - kuvame ukudala ukubola kwama-rhizomes, kancane kancane asakaze kuso sonke isitshalo, kuyilapho amaqabunga esitshalo eshintsha umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye kokuphuzi okumnyama, ambozwe ngamabala nezilonda.
3. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, lapho amaqabunga embozwe khona amabala ngesimo samaphethini we-mosaic wesimo esiyindilinga noma esinjenge-streak. Leli fomu lomonakalo libhekwa njengelilaphekayo.

Izimbangela zesifo se-orchid zihlukile - ukungabi khona kwelanga, ukweqisa noma ukungabi khona komswakama, ukushisa ngokweqile noma i-hypothermia.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, okuvame kakhulu ukutheleleka kwezimbali zesikhunta. Futhi phakathi kwefungal, i-fusarium yama-orchid ivame kakhulu.

I-Fusarium ukutheleleka kwesitshalo ngesikhunta sohlobo lwe-Fusarium... Kubhekwa njengesifo esithathelwanayo futhi kunalokho esithathelwanayo. Isikhunta singena embali nge-rhizome noma indawo eseduze yezimpande zesiqu, kanye nembewu noma izithombo ezitheleleke ngezinhlamvu zefungal.

QAPHELA: Kuma-orchid, kutholakala kuhlobo lweFusarium - impande, evezwe ekuboleni kwezimpande zezitshalo, nesiqu, okuthinta iziqu, amaqabunga nezimbali, kubangele ukuthi zenze ukuthanda. Isikhunta sizala ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene (i-conidia) - nsomi, mhlophe noma pink.

Ekubonisweni kokuqala ngeziqu nezimpande zezinhlayiya ezimhlophe-ezibomvana ngohlobo lwamabhola amancane, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa isitshalo kwezinye izimbali bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Izifo zefungal zezilwane ezifuywayo ziyelapheka ezigabeni zokuqala nje, ngaphambi kokulimala kwezimpande.

Isithombe

Bheka isithombe se-fusarium kuma-orchid:

Izimpawu

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-fusarians ohlelweni lwempande kungahlala kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuye eminyakeni eyi-1.5. Ekuqaleni, izimpande ze-orchid, ezithintwa yizinhlamvu zefungal, ziba bomvu, kube sengathi zithola umbala onsundu. Bese kuthi lapho kuvela izingcindezi ezimpandeni, kube sengathi ziboshwe ngocingo. Ngokuzayo, ngaphansi kwethonya lenani elikhulayo lezinhlamvu, izindawo ezibomvu zama-rhizomes ziba mnyama, ziqala ukubola (ungathola ukuthi ungavuselela kanjani i-orchid uma izimpande ziwohloka noma sezibolile lapha).

Isikhunta sikhipha ubuthi obukhethekile obugeleza ezitsheni ezinomsoco, sifake ubuthi ezimbalini futhi sivale kancane izindlela. Lobu buthi bubonakala ngokusobala ezingxenyeni zezitshalo ngendlela yamasongo ansundu ansundu ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.

Ngenxa yalokho, umswakama uyayeka ukungena kumaseli ezitshalo, bese eqala ukufa ngokushoda koketshezi. Izindawo ezithintekile zesiqu ziba nsundu ngombala, isiqu siba sincane (sichaze ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ingqikithi ye-orchid ibola lapha). Amaqabunga aqala ukuphuzi. Ukukhula kwesifo kuqala kusuka phezulu kwama-orchid bese kancane kancane kusakazeka kuyo yonke imbali.

Izimbangela

Njengoba kwaziwa, noma yikuphi ukhunta kuqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo endaweni enhle:

• umanyolo owedlulele we-nitrogen;
• ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa emhlabathini;
• ukulimala kwezimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha noma izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
• inani elikhulu lamanzi lapho kuniselwa;
• ubukhulu be-peat emhlabathini wembali;
• ukungabikho kwama-microorganism emhlabathini okuqinisa imisebenzi yokuvikela izimbali;
• ukuntuleka kokujikeleza komoya ekamelweni;
• usawoti we-substrate yenhlabathi.

Iyini ingozi?

Ukuntuleka kwamanzi angena kumaseli ezitshalo ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemikhumbi eqhuba ubuthi befungal, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwe-rhizome ngenxa yokubola kuholela ekubuneni kweziqu namaqabunga (funda ngezimbangela zokubola ku-orchid nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho lapha). Futhi isitshalo esigulayo siyingozi ezimbalini zasendlini ezizungezilengoba izinhlamvu zesikhunta ziyathathelana kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa

Uma kutholakala i-fusarium ku-orchid, imbali egulayo kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinye izitshalo bese iqala ukwelashwa, okuqukethe lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Susa isitshalo ebhodweni bese usigeza ngamanzi afudumele.
2. Kuhlole bese unquma noma yiziphi izingcezu ezibolile.
3. Gcoba izigaba ngekhabhoni evuliwe encibilikiswe emanzini noma ngesinqandakuvunda.
4. Yomisa imbali.
5. Phatha isitshalo ngokuphelele (izimpande, iziqu, amaqabunga, izimbali) nge-fungicide (iBenomil, iFundazol, iTopsin, iFundazim). Isixazululo seFundazole silungiswa ngesilinganiso esingu-1 g. impuphu nge-1 litre. amanzi. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.
6. Tshala imbali ebhodweni elisha.
7. Beka imbiza yembali endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele.
8. Ukuze uvimbele, ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi ungafafaza i-substrate yenhlabathi ngesisombululo se-Fundazol.
9. Izimpande kuphela eziniselwa; akufanele kube khona umswakama emaqabungeni naseziqu.
10. Ukuchelela, kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-fungicidal, okuthi, kanye namanzi, esiwela embali, sizoyiphilisa ngaphakathi.
11. I-orchid kufanele ibe kumdwebo okungenani amasonto amathathu.

OKUBALULEKILEIzindlela zokwelashwa njengokufaka emanzini, ukubeka endaweni ebamba ukushisa akusizi ngezifo zefungal zama-orchid. Umswakama owedlulele uzoholela ekwandeni kokuphindaphindwa kwezinhlamvu zefungal.

Uma sonke isitshalo sithinteka yikhunta, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwempande, i-orchid kufanele ibhujiswe kanye nenhlabathi. Ukuphinda usebenzise imbiza kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokukhipha amagciwane kusisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (5%).

Isikhunta seFusarium sinamandla kakhulu emvelweni. Ezimweni eziningi, kuze kufike kuma-70% ezinhlamvu ezifa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kanti ama-30% angangena ohlotsheni lokulala ubusika futhi asebenze ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Isikhunta siphila isikhathi eside emhlabathini nasezingxenyeni zesitshalo esifile.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-orchid fusarium, kwanele ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwezimbali:

• ukulawulwa komoya nomswakama womhlaba ngokufaka umoya ekamelweni nokukhulula inhlabathi;
• bheka umbuso wokushisa (hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-15);
• phatha i-substrate ngama-disinfectants ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo;
• gwema ukuchelela njalo nokuchichima kwezitshalo;
• enhlabathini ye-peat ne-foam epulasitiki akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwama-20%;
• ukufakelwa kabusha kwembali njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukugwema ukufaka usawoti enhlabathini
• lapho ufaka umanyolo, gcina izinkambiso zokwethulwa kwezinto;
• ukuhlinzeka ukukhanyisa okwanele kwama-orchid;
• ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwendawo yesitshalo nenhlabathi ebhodweni.

Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo

OKUBALULEKILE: Ngemuva kokuthi i-orchid ithole ukutheleleka kwefungal, kuyadingeka, kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwalesi sifo, ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvikela isitshalo nokunisela izimpande ngesixazululo samafungicides.

Kunconywa ukucubungula izimbali ngosuku lokunisela, lapho umswakama ophezulu uqhubeka. I-orchid iphathwa ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kukhula isitshalo, inaka kakhulu amahlumela amasha.

Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ku-orchid, sebenzisa unama nge-cytokinin ye-hormone... Imbiza yembali kufanele ibekwe egumbini elifudumele, elikhanyayo. Kulokhu, kufanele kugwenywe ilanga eliqondile. Amaqabunga esitshalo aba mnyama ngokungabi nokukhanya, uma ephuzi - lokhu kukhombisa ukukhanya nokushisa okweqile.

Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukukhetha izimbiza zepulasitiki ezikhanyayo noma ezisobala ze-orchid ukuvikela izimpande ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle ezimpandeni, izimbotshana eziningi zenziwa ezansi ebhodweni, kanti phansi ebhodweni kugcwele amanzi.

Ama-orchid aniselwa ngokuya ngesizini - ehlobo njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu, ebusika - njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Ama-orchid athanda umswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuze uvikele ukwenziwa kabusha kwesikhunta, ukufafaza kwenziwa kahle kakhulu ekuseni, ukuze umswakama osemacembe ube nesikhathi sokuhwamuka.

Ukondla okufanele ngomanyolo okhethekile kubaluleke kakhulu esitshalweni esibuthakathaka. Ebusika, ukufaka umquba kwenziwa isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini ezingama-30, ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwamahlumela amasha, umanyolo usetshenziswa njalo emavikini amabili.

Isiphetho neziphetho

Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokunakekela le mbali exotic nezindlela zokuvimbela kuzosiza ukugwema isifo esimbaxa se-orchid njenge-fusarium. Njengomphumela wokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi nokunakekelwa okukhethekile okuqhubekayo, lesi sitshalo sizojabulisa abanye isikhathi eside ngezimbali zaso ezingavamile, ezinhle nezintekenteke.

Bukela ividiyo: DENPHAL ORCHID from Spike Until Bloom (Septhemba 2024).