Into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-cotyledon enezimbali ezinomsoco: izinhlobo, izici zokukhiqiza nokunakekelwa

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ICotyledon isitshalo esizitholele indawo efanelekile ekuqoqweni kwabalimi, ngenxa yokuzithoba kwaso. Iyakwazi ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokudinga ulwazi olujulile lokunakekelwa.

Ukuze ukhule kahle, kwanele nje ukuhambisana nezimo eziyisisekelo: ukukhanya, ukuchelela, izinga lokushisa, inhlabathi, umanyolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi ubunzima ongabhekana nazo: izifo, izinambuzane.

Sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokuqhubekayo. Futhi, ake sikhulume ngezinhlobonhlobo zalesi exotic.

Incazelo eningiliziwe

Siyini lesi sitshalo futhi liphi izwe laso?

ICotyledon iyisiphuzo esimnandi somndeni wakwaTolstyankov, odabuka e-Afrika. Emvelweni waso wemvelo, lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa sisuka e-Ethiopia siye eNingizimu Afrika. Incazelo ye-botanical Ukuma kwalokhu okumnandi kungaba i-rosette noma i-bushy. Amaqabunga enyama ayindilinga ayindilinga, ama-oval, ama-rhombic noma ama-lanceolate ahlukahlukene ngombala wawo. Kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo nokumpunga okukhanyayo, kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu.

Iqabunga lingaba yi-monochromatic noma i-variegated. Ebusweni bayo ihlale inamabhishi noma ingubo emhlophe eminyene. Ezinye izinhlobo zinomphetho we-wavy.

Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngababili ngeziqu ezinamagatsha ezinamanzi futhi anamathele kuwo ngama-petioles amafushane kakhulu, noma ngaphandle kwama-petioles. Umbala weziqu uyehluka ebangeni elifanayo lombala njengamahlamvu. Njengoba sikhula, isiqu siyaqina. Kwakhiwa amagxolo ansundu. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha angama-30-70. Ukukhula konyaka kuncane. Lesi sitshalo esimnandi sinohlelo lwempande olukha phezulu.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-cotyledon sivela ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti. Kuma-peduncles aphezulu, izimbali ezincane eziyizigaxa ezinemiphetho egobile ziqoqwa kuma-paniculate inflorescence. Amahlumela ngesimo sezinsimbi ezilengayo ezinamacembe aminyene acwebezelayo. Imibala iyakhanya futhi iyahlukahluka. Kusuka kophuzi kuya kokunsomi.

Encwadini. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwayo okunothile kwangaphandle, ama-cotyledon ayakwazi ukuxazulula cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuhlobisa isikhala. Ungasebenzisa zombili izitshalo ngazinye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo: incazelo nesithombe

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezithandwa kakhulu.

Ngizwe

Lungisa isihlahla esihlangene kuze kufike ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela anamaqabunga amaningi ane-ovoid. Iziqu namaqabunga zimbozwe ngama-villi amafishane amhlophe. Empilweni yansuku zonke, lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi isidladla sebhere ngenxa yamachashazi abomvu aphuma onqenqemeni lweqabunga, afana nezinzipho zezilwane. Iqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane ezibomvu. I-inflorescence ethukile, ephakeme ngaphezu kwehlathi.

I-Wavy (Undulata)

Isihlahlana esincane esinamagatsha esifinyelela ku-80 cm.Amacembe enza lesi sitshalo sikhange kakhulu. IDayimane emise onqenqemeni lwe-wavy. Ubuso bepuleti leqabunga lumbozwe ngengubo emhlophe emhlophe. I-peduncle ephansi enemigqa emhlophe efakwe isambulela inflorescence. Imivimbo iyabonakala nasemibala yemibala ephuzi noma ewolintshi.

Okufana nesihlahla

Isihlahla esincanyana esingadluli ku-1.2 m ukuphakama, sakhiwa "ngamahlumela" amaningi. Amaqabunga ayindilinga futhi abanzi. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, umbala wazo ungaba mpunga-oluhlaza noma ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Abantu babiza lesi sitshalo ngesihlahla semali. Ngokwezinkolelo ezithandwayo, kungaletha ukuchuma endlini.

ULevisia Eliza (lewisia cotyledon)

Lesi sitshalo sihlahla esinamaqabunga aminyene, ubude bamaqabunga ngamanye bungafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15. Ama-rosettes amaqabunga eLevisia amboze kakhulu inhlabathi. Amahlumela abomvana abomvana anezikhala eziningi atholakala kuma-peduncles anenyama engxenyeni emaphakathi yama-rosettes amaqabunga.

Iyindingilizi

Izihlahla ezinwetshiwe eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-90 cm.Iziqu zimbozwe amaqabunga esimo esithandekayo, ngaphezu kwakho konke kufana namashubhu ayisicaba. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala ogqamile obomvu ozungeze imiphetho. I-umbrella inflorescence enamaqabunga aqhakazile yakhiwa kwi-peduncle engu-30 cm ubude.

I-Saxifrage

Lesi sitshalo siyi-semi-shrub. Iphansi ngamaqabunga e-lanceolate acwecwe enza ama-rosettes aminyene we-basal. Amaqabunga akhonjisiwe futhi ambozwe yinqwaba ejiyile. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza nguJuni. Amahlumela amancane amhlophe akha ama-paniculate inflorescence atholakala ku-peduncle ende.

Colloidal

Isihlahlana esincane esakhiwe ngeziqu ezinamagatsha asuka emhlabathini. Ngenxa yokuthi iziqu zigobile kancane futhi zimbozwe ngamahlamvu abomvu, lesi sitshalo sifana nezilimi zelangabi kude. Ama-inflorescence athusayo, kuma-peduncles angama-30 cm ukuphakama, akhiwe ngezimbali ezibomvu noma ze-orange.

Izici zokunakekela

Ukukhanyisa

Ukukhanyisa i-cotyledon kudinga ukugqama nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kuphela uma lesi simo sihlangatsheziwe, lesi sitshalo sizojabulisa iso ngokuqhakaza. Ngokushoda kokukhanyisa, amahlumela aba mancane futhi abe buthuntu, kanti amaqabunga aba mancane, aphuzi futhi awe.

Ukukhethwa kwesihlalo

Isixazululo esizedlula zonke ukubeka i-cotyledone efasiteleni elikhanyayo. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizokwamukela ngokwazisa ukusikhiphela ngaphandle. Iziqu zizoqina futhi umbala wamaqabunga uzothuthuka.

Ithempelesha

Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, umbuso wamazinga okushisa we-cotyledon ungashiywa ungavunyelwe. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela ukushisa kahle nezinguquko ezincane ekushiseni. Ebusika, i-cotyledon, njengazo zonke izitshalo ezinamanzi, idinga ukuphumula. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungakuhle ukuthi uyibeke egumbini elipholile elikhanyayo, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-10-15 degrees Celsius.

Umswakama womoya

Izindwangu zeCotyledon zinikezwa umswakama wazo, ngakho-ke izinga lomswakama egumbini alinandaba naye. Umoya owomile ungokwemvelo we-cotyledone endaweni yemveloNgakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokwandisa umswakama ekamelweni noma ukufafaza isitshalo uqobo.

Okubalulekile! Akunconyelwa ukuthinta amaqabunga ngezandla zakho, ngoba ungalimaza uqweqwe oluvikela isitshalo ekuhwamukeni ngokweqile komswakama.

Ukunisela

Isizini sithinta isidingo sokunisela i-cotyledon. Ngesikhathi sokulala ebusika, esiqala kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukuniselwa. NgoFebhuwari nangoMashi, imvamisa yokunisela edingekayo izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngenyanga, futhi kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, kanye ngesonto. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inhlabathi inesikhathi sokoma kuze kufike ezansi ebhodweni.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ukuthola inhlabathi eyamukelekayo yokutshala i-cotyledon, ungathenga ingxube yenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezitshalo ze-cacti nezomsoco ngokufakwa okuncane kwesihlabathi, noma ulungiselele umhlabathi wedwa. Ukuze uzilungiselele uzodinga:

ingxube yenhlabathi yobumba - ingxenye eyodwa;
isihlabathi esinamandla - izingxenye ezingu-0.5;
i-gravel enhle - izingxenye ze-0.5;
umhlaba wesoyi - ingxenye eyodwa;
umhlaba weshidi - ingxenye engu-1;
i-peat - ingxenye eyodwa;
isihlabathi - izingxenye ze-0.5.

Inhlabathi akufanele ibe nzima.

Ukuthena

Ukuthena njalo akudingekile kuma-cotyledon. Kwanele nje ukugcina izinkambiso zokukhanyisa ukuze isitshalo sigcine ukubukeka kwaso kokuhlobisa isikhathi eside. Ukuthena noma ukuncinza kungenziwa uma udinga ukwakha izihlahla ezincane. Le nqubo ayinabuhlungu esitshalweni.

Qaphela! Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, akunconywa ukusika ama-peduncles abolile.

Okwesikhashana, kuzofanele ukwamukele ukungazweli kwabo ukuze kuzuze impilo yonke yesitshalo. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-peduncle abune ngokuphelele, adinga ukucishwa ngokucophelela.

Umanyolo

Njengoba kunikezwe indawo yokuhlala engokwemvelo ye-cotyledon, nobubha bayo bomhlabathi, ukuyondla akuyona inqubo eyisibopho. Lesi simuncu sijwayele ukungabi bikho kwezakhamzimba njalo futhi sibona ukondliwa njengebhonasi eyengeziwe yokukhula okungcono nobukhazikhazi bezimbali. Lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa omanyolo abathola kancane, ngakho-ke kwanele entwasahlobo nasehlobo ukwengeza ukwakheka okulungiselelwe ama-succulent kanye ngenyanga. Kusukela ngoSepthemba, ukondla kufanele kumiswe.

Izifo nezinambuzane, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo

ICotyledon imelana kakhulu nokuhlaselwa kwezilokazane. Okuthinteka kakhulu ekulimaleni kwe-mealybug. Ungasusa isinambuzane ngesandla usebenzisa indwangu emanzi efakwe otshwala noma welaphe ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuyanconywa uma kwenzeka isitshalo sinenkinga yesicabucabu, isinambuzane esikhulukazi noma ama-aphid.

Uma isitshalo sikhishelwa engadini ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwehlobo, kunengozi yokulimala emnenkeni. Isiqukathi esine-cotyledone kufanele sivikelwe ekuthintaneni nenhlabathi yensimu nezinye izitshalo. Ukubola emaqabungeni kungumphumela wokungena kwamanzi kuwo. Amaqabunga ansundu asikiwe angumphumela wokoma isikhathi eside ezimpandeni ngokunisela okunganele. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, isitshalo singelula kakhulu.

Ukukhula kancane kuvame ukubangelwa ukungabi nomsoco. Lapho amaqabunga aphansi esitshalo ephenduka aphuzi futhi awe, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Le yinqubo yokuguga yemvelo yesitshalo. Ukubola kwezimpande kungenzeka ngenxa yokuchichima okungapheli.

Encwadini. Ukufakelwa kuphela kungagcina isitshalo, lapho kudingeka khona ukususa izingxenye ezilimele, hlambulula izimpande bese uziphatha ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Indlela efanayo izosiza uma kwenzeka ukulimala kwesitshalo yimpande.

Ungatshala kanjani isitshalo esimnandi?

ICotyledone kufanele itshalwe kabusha lapho kudingeka. Lapho i-rhizome ikhule ngokuqinile futhi isivele iminyene emandleni okuhlala kuyo. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwezitshalo ezincane minyaka yonke kuyadingeka kuphela uma i-rosette yamaqabunga iba banzi kunobubanzi bebhodwe. Ama-cotyledon amadala ngokuvamile adinga ukufakelwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3. ICotyledon itshalwa kabusha ngoMashi. Ngemuva kokuchelela, lapho umhlaba umanzi.

Thatha ibhola lobumba ulidlulisele esitsheni esisha. Amabhodwe kufanele angajulile futhi abe banzi ngemigodi yokuhambisa amanzi. Esitsheni esisha, ngezansi kumbozwe ungqimba lobumba olunwetshiwe noma ezinye izinto zokuhambisa amanzi, futhi inhlabathi enomsoco yabashukela ibekwa phezulu.

ICotyledon inobuthi. Noma iyiphi imisebenzi ephathelene nokufakelwa kabusha nokunakekelwa kwesitshalo yenziwa kahle ngamagilavu. Izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo akufanele zikwazi ukufinyelela kulesi sitshalo.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha

Kwi-cotyledon, ukukhiqiza kuhle ngokulinganayo, kokubili ngemifino nangembewu. Lapho ukhetha indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu, kufanelekile ukulandela izincomo ezilandelayo:

Lungisa inhlabathi elula. Ingxube yomhlaba onamaqabunga nesihlabathi noma inhlabathi enamanzi eyenziwe ngomumo.
Okokuqala, izimbewu ze-cotyledon zitshalwa ebhokisini eliyisicaba noma ku-pallet, kepha ngobukhona obuyimpoqo bezimbobo zamanzi.
I-greenhouse idinga ukuphefumula nsuku zonke futhi, lapho kudingeka, ukufafaza kusuka kusifutho esihle.
Izithombo zizovela emavikini angu-1-3. Izitshalo ezikhulile zitshalwa zibe izitsha ezincane ezihlukene. I-substrate isetshenziswa ngokufana nezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Ukuchelela okulandelayo kwezitshalo ezincane kwenziwa kancane ukugwema ukwakheka kwezimpande ezibolile.

Ukusabalalisa izitshalo kuyindlela elula yokuthola isitshalo esisha:

Ekuqaleni, kuyadingeka ukusika ukusikwa kusuka kumahlumela ama-apical ubude obungu-8-10 cm.Inqubo inconywa entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Yomisa okokusebenza emoyeni amahora angama-24. Indawo esikiwe kufanele iphathwe nge-heteroauxin noma ngamalahle agayiwe.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, izimpande ku-substrate enesihlabathi-peat ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene, ngezikhathi ezithile. Manzisa umhlabathi ngokushesha ngemuva kokwehla. Ithempelesha ibanga ngama-20-22 degrees. Futha inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile kuze kube yimpande.
Shintsha ukusikwa okunezimpande ezimbizeni ezihlukile, ukudala ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo.

Ngokuya ngohlelo olufanayo, ungazala kabusha ngephepha elihlukile. ICotyledon isitshalo esinokubukeka okuyingqayizivele kokuhlobisa. Uma unikeza imbali ukunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa, kuzoba ukugcizelela okuyisitayela enhlanganweni yanoma iyiphi indawo.

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