I-Pantry yolwazi: ungazakha kanjani izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwamakhiwane e-Opuntia?
I-Indian prickly pear isitshalo esihlala njalo esivela emndenini wakwaCactus.
Kuvame ukuthi kutshalwe ngqo ngezithelo zayo ezimnandi. Zingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekudleni, kodwa futhi nasekwelapheni izifo ezithile.
Kamuva esihlokweni, sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo nezokwelapha lesi sitshalo esinazo, futhi sikutshele ukuthi ungabunakekela kahle kanjani lobu buhle obungavamile. Uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokukhiqiza ezikhona nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezisacishe zifane nepheya elihlabayo.
Incazelo ye-Botanical
Ipheya eliyindilinga lomkhiwane (i-Opuntia ficus-indica) likhulume ngeziqu ezinama-cylindrical, spherical or flattened shape. Izihlahla zikhula zifike ku-4 m, futhi ubukhulu bazo bungu-2 m.
Lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngokuphelele ngameva, ameva amakhulu futhi aqinile... I-cactus iqhakaza ngokumangalisayo, njengoba ingaba nezimbali ezibomvu, eziphuzi, neziphuzi-orange. Ngokushesha nje lapho sebebuna, izithelo ezinkulu ezinjengeqanda ziyakhiwa, ezibizwa nge- "prickly pears". Ngaphakathi aqukethe imbewu eyisicaba enesikhumba esiqinile. Izithelo nazo zimbozwe ngamaqoqo amancane, amathiphu agobile, angabonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
Izimpande zala ma-cacti zinamandla, zikhula ngobubanzi kunokujula. Ungabona ipheya elihlabayo ngomthunzi wesithelo sesithelo. Kungaba mhlophe noma ubomvu ngokugqamile. Lesi sitshalo sithole amagama amaningi phakathi kwabantu:
- ulimi lukamamezala;
- umdolofiya onamalebe;
- izithelo zikadrako;
- umkhiwane womkhiwane.
Umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo
Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sitshalo ukukhuthazela ngokuphelele.... Ipheya elibukhali lamakhiwane lingakhula ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, noma ngabe iziqu sezisomile futhi akubanga khona manzi amaningi. I-cactus blooms kahle endaweni yayo yemvelo, ngakho ekhaya ukuqhakaza kuzoba mnandi futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinezinwele ezincane ezinezinhlaka eziningi. Uma ubathinta, khona-ke ameva anameva azoqala ukuhlukana kalula futhi abambelele ezingutsheni. Lo mehluko phakathi kwepheya elibukhali lamakhiwane ukungalungi kwalo.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo nezelaphayo
Njengoba amaqabunga aphakathi kwamapayipi aqukethe i-calcium ne-potassium, azosiza umzimba ukukhiqiza i-insulin, ukuze ziphumelele ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela. Uma udla imikhiqizo ephuma eliphakathi kwe-prickly, zizonciphisa ukwakheka kwamafutha futhi zenze ngcono ukuphuma kwazo emzimbeni. Imicu yesitshalo iyakhukhumala futhi inyuse umthamo wokudla esiswini, okunciphisa ukudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisindo, ushukela namazinga egazi egazini anciphile.
Izithelo zepheya elihlaba kakhulu liqukethe uvithamini C omningi, olungele umzimba. Iyayiqinisa, inyuse imisebenzi yokuvikela futhi ivule amasosha omzimba.
Ukulungiswa kwamakhambi okutholwe kupheya eliyimpisi kuyasebenza ekuqedeni i-cellulite ne-edema, futhi kukhuthaza ukukhishwa koketshezi oluningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapheya ahlabayo aqukethe izinto ezinciphisa ukudakwa nge-hangover syndrome.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezindawo zokuphulukisa zepheya elibukhali lamakhiwane, mayelana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokusetshenziswa kwe-cactus lapha.
Opuntia ficus indica ukunakekelwa
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwenziwa ngisho ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini esimweni sezulu esipholile, kunezimo ezifanele zokuthuthuka nokuqhakaza.
Ukunisela
Ipheya elibukhali lamakhiwane lifuna kakhulu ukuchelela. Kepha kwenze ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukubola kohlelo lwempande. Kufanelekile ukumanzisa inhlabathi njengoba kudingeka, kuphela ngemuva kokuba ungqimba lomhlabathi lomile. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukuchelela... Sebenzisa amanzi amnene futhi ane-asidi encane, uwafaka ngamaconsi ama-2-3 kalamula kalamula.
Indlela enhle yokunisela isesump, ngoba ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi emaqabungeni, ukhokho ovela ku-plaque owaziwayo ungavimba, futhi ukukhula kwesitshalo kuzokwehla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. - Entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Yenza lokhu kanye ngenyanga. Udinga ukusebenzisa umanyolo owenziwe ngomumo we-cacti onezinga eliphansi le-nitrogen. Ukweqiwa kwale ngxenye kuzoholela ekubolaweni kohlelo lwempande.
Ithempelesha
Igumbi lapho kutholakala khona ipheya elibukhali lamakhiwane kufanele lingeniswe umoya njalo, kuphela ukugwema okusalungiswa. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme lamapheya abukhali lingama-25-35 degrees. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukushisa okupholile kwama-5-18 degrees.
Shine
Ipheya elihlaba umkhiwane isitshalo esithanda ukukhanya, ngakho-ke sidinga ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo ukuze sikhule futhi sithuthuke. Kepha kungcono ukujwayeza i-cactus ukuqondisa imisebe yelanga kancane kancane.
Umswakama
I-Opuntia ibekezelela ngokuphelele umoya owomile, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukufafazwa. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuyikhulisa ku-60-70% yomswakama.
Ukuncoma
Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-cactus, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi elula futhi evulekile, futhi kufanele futhi idlulise umswakama kahle.
Ungathenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo ye-cacti noma uzilungiselele yona. Kulokhu, izingxenye ezilandelayo kufanele zixutshwe ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo:
- umhlabathi onamaqabunga;
- umhlaba wesoyi;
- umhlanga;
- isihlabathi;
- amatshe amancane;
- isitini esiphukile.
Imbiza
Ngamapheya a-prickly, khetha imbiza ebanzi, kodwa hhayi ejulile.... Isitsha sepulasitiki esinemigodi emikhulu yokuhambisa amanzi sihamba phambili.
Dlulisa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanjena:
Lungisa ibhodwe, libulale amagciwane.
- Beka ungqimba wokuhambisa amanzi ezansi kwesitsha.
- Gcwalisa ibhodwe nge-substrate ephikisayo.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, unganiseleli umdolofiya, kodwa uwufakele emhlabathini omusha owomile. Bese uyibeka endaweni enomthunzi omncane futhi unganiseli izinsuku eziyi-7.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, ungafaka isitsha ne-cactus ekukhanyeni, uqinisekise ukuchelela njalo, kepha ungangezi ukufaka umquba okwengeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ividiyo ebonakalayo mayelana nenqubo yokufakelwa kwamapheya angama-prickly:
Ukuthena
Inqubo yokuthenwa yamapheya ahlabayo imi kanje:
- Lungiselela ummese noma i-blade ebukhali, okufanele ilashwe ngotshwala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Nquma isiqu sesitshalo cishe ngama-60 cm.
- Phatha indawo esikiwe ngekhabhoni evuliwe, futhi ungasiniseli isitshalo uqobo izikhathi ezi-2-3.
Isikhathi sokuphumula - siyini?
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, ipheya elibukhali lamakhiwane liqala isikhathi sokulala. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-12 degrees Celsius, umoya osegumbini kufanele womile. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, udinga ukuyeka ukuchelela ngokuphelele... Kepha kufanele kube nelanga eliningi noma ukukhanya okufakelwayo.
Izindlela ezikhulayo
Ukusabalalisa ngokusika
Le ndlela yokukhula kwamapheya abukhali amakhiwane imi kanje:
- Kwezisiki, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sibhekwa njengokuphela kwentwasahlobo - ukuqala kwehlobo, lapho ingane yahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikanina, yishiye usuku lonke ukuze yome.
- Beka ihlumela elomile esihlabathini esimanzi noma enhlabathini.
- Beka isitshalo esincane endaweni enethunzi izinsuku ezi-7 bese uyeka ukunisela.
- Kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 lapho ungaqala khona ukuthambisa i-substrate. Futhi lapho nje izimpande zokuqala zivela, bese ufaka ipheya elincane elincane esitsheni esihlala njalo.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nenqubo yokusikwa kwamapheya:
Imbewu
Indlela yokuzalanisa imbewu inezici ezilandelayo:
Kungcono ukukhiqiza kabusha ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokulala - ngoMashi.
- Bamba imbewu imizuzu engama-20 kusixazululo esinombala opinki we-potassium permanganate. Ukuze imbewu ihlume, udinga ukuphula ubuqotho begobolondo layo, uyihlikihle nge-emery noma ngetshe.
- Umhlabathi, izifunda zomhlaba nesihlabathi, kumele kubulawe amagciwane, bese uhlwanyela imbewu, umboze izitshalo ngokugoqa ngepulasitiki.
- Faka isitsha egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-19-21 degrees. Nisela inhlabathi kanye ngesonto.
- Lapho nje imbewu ichanyuselwa, futhi izithombo ziba namandla, bese uzifakela ezitsheni ezihlukene bese usetha eduze kokukhanya.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubheke inqubo yokutshala imbewu yamapheya ahlabayo:
Izifo
Amabala ansundu akha esiqwini sepheya elibabayo ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile... Lawa angama-harbinger okuqala kokubola kwezitshalo. Ukonga i-cactus, udinga ukusika ukubonwa, futhi uphathe zonke izindawo ezithintekile ungqimba lwekhabhoni elicishiwe. Inhlabathi enamanzi kufanele ilashwe ngengxube ye-carbendazim futhi ukuchelela kufanele kwehliswe.
Uma kunokukhanya okunganele nokugcwala kwamanzi emhlabeni, iziqu zesitshalo zizombozwa ngemibimbi. Futhi ngokusweleka kwezakhamzimba emhlabathini, ukukhula kwamapheya ahlabayo kuyayeka.
Izimbali ezifanayo
Izimbali ezilandelayo zibukeka njengepheya elibukhali lamakhiwane:
- Heliocereus... Isitshalo se-epiphytic esinezihlahla esakha iziqu ezincanyana, ezinde. Imisipha ayikho, futhi izimbali zibomvu futhi zingama-20 cm ububanzi.
- I-Pachypodium... Kuyisilimo sokuqala nesiqu esifana nomdolofiya. Isiqu esinamandla simbozwe ngezinsipho namaqabunga amancane.
- I-Euphorbia inenhlaka... Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa nesiqu se-tetrahedral, lapho kukhona khona amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezimbanjeni ze-milkweed, ama-warty proices anezinsipho agxila.
- Stapelia... Yisitshalo esimnandi esingapheli esinezinhlamvu ezine ezinamacala amane ezinama-60 cm ukuphakama.
- I-Echeveria... Kuyisitshalo esingapheli esinamaqabunga ama-oval ahlelwe nge-rosette efana ne-rose. Umbala we-Echeveria mpunga-luhlaza sasibhakabhaka.
Ipheya elibukhali lamakhiwane alisona nje isitshalo esihle sendlu, kepha futhi liwusizo olukhulu. Amajikijolo alo namaqabunga kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umuthi wesintu. Ekunakekelweni, i-cactus iyathandeka, ayinazo izidingo ezikhethekile zokuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo kanye nenhlabathi, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu oqalayo angakwazi ukubhekana nawo wonke umsebenzi.