Intaba-mlilo iKilimanjaro - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika

Engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe lase-Afrika laseTanzania, phakathi kweziqiwi zaseSerengeti naseTsavo, kuneNtaba iKilimanjaro, eyanikeza leli gama ukuphela kwepaki likazwelonke lase-Afrika. Usayizi wentaba uyancintisana nozakwabo kwamanye amazwekazi: IKilimanjaro yintaba yesine ephakeme kunazo zonke "iziqongo eziyisikhombisa". Akalingani namuntu ezwenikazi, ngakho-ke wathola igama lesidlaliso "Roof of Africa". Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKilimanjaro iyintaba enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emile mahhala: isisekelo singamakhilomitha angama-97 ubude namakhilomitha angama-64 ububanzi.

Ulwazi oluvamile

Ingqungquthela yeNtaba iKilimanjaro iqukethe imiphetho yezintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezingasekho ezineminyaka ehlukene ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuphakama kwentaba kungamamitha angama-5895, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi engxenyeni yayo ephezulu kuneqhwa unyaka wonke. Kususelwa olimini lwesiSwahili, okuwulimi olukhulunywa eTanzania, igama elithi "kilimanjaro" lihunyushwe ngendlela enencazelo ngokuthi "intaba ebenyezelayo". Abantu bendawo, ababehlala ngokwesiko emazweni azungeze intaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro futhi ababengalazi iqhwa, bakholelwa ukuthi intaba yayimbozwe ngesiliva.

Ngokwendawo, iKilimanjaro iseduze kakhulu nolayini we-equator, kepha umehluko omkhulu ezincotsheni zezintaba wahlela kusengaphambili ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zezulu, okuvezwa ekukhuleni nasekuhlalisweni kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezindawo zezinye izindawo. Eqinisweni, ingabe iKilimanjaro iyintaba-mlilo esebenzayo noma ayisekho? Lo mbuzo kwesinye isikhathi uyimpikiswano, ngoba ingxenye encane kunazo zonke yemvelaphi yawo yokwakheka komhlaba kwesinye isikhathi ikhombisa izimpawu zomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo.

Esinye isici seNtaba iKilimanjaro ukuncibilika ngokushesha kwesembozo seqhwa. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu yokubhekwa, ikhava emhlophe yehle ngaphezu kuka-80%, kanti kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, intaba yase-Afrika ilahlekelwe izinguzunga zeqhwa zayo eziningi. Kukhona izinsalela zesembozo seqhwa eziqongweni ezimbili eziphakeme, kepha bona, ngokusho kwesibikezelo sochwepheshe, bazolahleka ngokuphelele kule minyaka eyi-15 ezayo. Isizathu sokuthi ososayensi bathi ukufudumala komhlaba. Izithombe zeNtaba iKilimanjaro zeminyaka ehlukene yekhulu elidlule zibonisa kahle ukwehla nokunyamalala kancane kancane kwezindawo zabamhlophe eziqongweni zezintaba.

Izimbali nezilwane

Imithambeka yezintaba imbozwe amahlathi aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi izungezwe amathafa angapheli ase-Afrika. Izimbali nezilwane zaseTanzania National Park zicebile ezinhlotsheni ezivamile kulezi zindawo, kanye nezingafani nezisengozini, ngenxa yokuthi lesi siqiwi senziwa.

Indawo enkulu yentaba, kokubili ukuphakama nobubanzi, iqukethe cishe zonke izingxenye zesifunda sezintaba eziphakeme zase-Afrika:

• izingxenye eziseningizimu zimbozwe ama-savanna wezindawo eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene aze afike endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1 000 futhi cishe ebangeni eliphakeme lekhilomitha elilodwa nengxenye emithambekeni esenyakatho;
• amahlathi asezintabeni;
• amahlathi asezintabeni - kusuka ku-1.3 kuye ku-2.8 km;
• izimfunda ezingaphansi kwexhaphozi;
• i-alpine tundra - ebanzi kakhulu e-Afrika;
• Ugwadule lwase-Alpine lusesiqongweni sentaba.

Amahlathi atholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-2 700 afakiwe endaweni evikelekile yepaki kazwelonke. Izimila zentaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Kuyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezisendaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho, kanye nezinhlobo zasendulo nezesimangaliso zezitshalo. Le yi-croton, ikhalenda emahlathini ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga yentaba (ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisuka ku-1500 kuye ku-2000 m), i-cassiporea yande kakhulu. Emithambekeni ebhekene, i-ocotea (noma isihlahla se-camphor saseMpumalanga Afrika) iphakama ngokufanayo. Ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwabo kunamafern ferns angavamile, angamamitha ayi-7 ngosayizi.

IMount Kilimanjaro ayinalo ibhande lamahlathi emvula atholakala kwezinye izindawo ezinjengezintaba e-Afrika. Indawo engaphansi komhlaba ezinhlangothini ezehlukene imbozwe uhlaza oluminyene lwe-hagenia ne-podocarp. I-Alpine tundra ihluke kakhulu ekubukekeni kwayo kanye nenani lezinto eziphilayo. Izitshalo ezijwayele kahle izimo ezinzima zezintaba eziphakeme zikhona lapha - iheather, i-immortelle, i-adenocarpus, ijuluka i-Kilimanjar, i-waxweed, i-myrina yase-Afrika, kanye namakhambi amaningi avela emndenini oqinile.

Izilwane ze-volcano yaseKilimanjaro eTanzania azihlukile futhi ziyamangalisa. Izinhlobo eziyikhulu nengxenye zezilwane ezincelisayo - cishe ezingama-90 zazo zihlala emahlathini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaqembu amaningana ezinkawu, inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye, izinhlwathi namalulwane. Okuvame kakhulu emahlathini: izingwe, izinkawu, i-galago, izinyathi nezinye.

Izindlovu zase-Afrika ezingamakhulu amabili zihamba emathafeni ezikhukhula zemifula iNamwai neTarakiya, zikhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile izindawo eziphakeme zaseKilimanjar. Lapho kugcina khona amahlathi, kuhlala izilwane ezincelisayo ezinambuzane ezincane. Imithambeka yentaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro igcwele izinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-180 zezinyoni, kufaka phakathi: iwundlu lewundlu, noma inqevu, inhlamvu encane enombala owodwa, i-cysticola kaHunter, ubhekilanga olunomsila, i-barnacle raven.

Isimo sezulu saseMount Kilimanjaro

Ukuklanywa kwezulu kwesakhiwo semvelo saseKilimanjaro e-Afrika kubonakala ezimweni zokushisa nasezimweni zezulu ngokujwayelekile. Isikhathi semvula sivezwe kahle lapha, isimo sezulu siyashintsha, amazinga okushisa aguquka kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme, kuye ngesikhathi sosuku. Ngokwesisekelo sentaba-mlilo, ama-28-30 ° С ajwayelekile, futhi asevele eqala kusuka kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu nangaphezulu, amakhaza kuze kufike ku -15 ° С ajwayelekile. Emithambekeni yentaba kunezindawo eziqinile zezulu ezilandelayo.

• Ihlathi lemvula libonakala ngemvelo efudumele nenomswakama. Kukhona uhlaza oluningi lapha, futhi umoya ufudumala ufike ku-25 ° C okhululekile emini (ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngo-15 ° C).
• I-tundra yase-Afrika iqukethe cishe akukho mswakama, futhi ukushisa kuncane ngama-degree ambalwa.
• Ugwadule lwe-alpine luzojabulisa abathandi basebusika ngamazinga okushisa okuqala e-subzero, yize ngesikhathi sasemini izinga lokushisa likhululekile kulezi zindawo.

• Izinguzunga zeqhwa elisesiqongweni seNtaba iKilimanjaro eTanzania zinezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka -6 ° C. Imimoya ebandayo ibusa lapha, futhi isithwathwa singafinyelela ku -20 ° C ebusuku.

Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, kuya ngomthambeka nokuphakama, kunezigaba ezahlukahlukene zesibhakabhaka, imvula ekhuphukayo noma elinganiselayo, nokuduma kwezulu. Konke lokhu kuthinta ukubonakala nokunethezeka kokuba semathambekeni - intaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro e-Afrika iyindawo eyintandokazi yokuqwala iziqongo zayo ezinhle.

Ukukhuphuka iNtaba iKilimanjaro

Kukholakala ukuthi iziqongo zeNtaba iKilimanjaro eTanzania ziyafinyeleleka unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi ezilula kakhulu ukukhuphuka, ezinzima futhi eziyingozi. Izikhathi ezifanele kakhulu zivela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba noJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimo zezulu zivuma kakhulu, futhi izinyanga zihambisana namaholide ehlobo noma oNyaka Omusha wezivakashi. Ukuvakasha kwezintaba eTanzania kuyatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene ezinyaweni. Imvamisa zihlala izinsuku ezi-5 kuye kwezi-8.

Imizila yehlukene ngenxa yobukhulu bezindawo eziwele, ukujwayela ukwehluka nezimpawu zendawo ngayinye yesimo sezulu. Ukuvakashela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zemikhawulo yentaba-mlilo kuyaphela ngesikhathi sokubuka ukuphuma kwelanga, ngemuva kwalokho kuqale uhambo lokubuya. Kunemizila eyi-6 isiyonke, ikakhulukazi ngamagama emizana abavela kuyo:

• UMarangu;
• Rongai;
• Umbwe;
• UMachame;
• Lemosho;
• unqamula enyakatho.

Uhambo lokuya emgodini lunikezwa njengomzila owengeziwe.

Ukuvakasha izintaba eTanzania akwenziwa wedwa. Noma iyiphi intaba isivivinyo esibi sabagibeli, noma ngabe uneminyaka eminingi yolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqoba intaba, udinga imishini ekhethekile nemishini, isisindo sayo sonke esingcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlanganyela nothile. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukukhuphuka intaba kungenzeka kubheke eKenya (emthambekeni osenyakatho) naseTanzania, ngesivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe, yimizila yaseTanzania kuphela ebekiwe yagcinwa. Umthambeka waseKenya awufakelwanga ingqalasizinda efanelekile.

Ukuze unqobe bonke ubunzima nezithiyo ezisendleleni yokunqoba le ngqungquthela, kubalulekile ukugcina izimo ezibalulekile.

• Ukubamba iqhaza okuphoqelekile komhlahlandlela nabasizi (okungenani abantu abangu-1-2), ngaphandle kwabo akunakwenzeka ukukhuphuka.
• Izinsiza ezifanele, izicathulo ezikhethekile, izingubo zangaphansi ezishisayo (mhlawumbe isethi engaphezu kweyodwa), izinto ezifakwe ngumoya nezingangenisi amanzi.
• Ukuqina ngokwanele ngokomzimba, umzimba onzima, amasosha omzimba aqinile, isimo sengqondo sokuzibophezela kwezempilo, ukwabiwa kwamandla namandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga ukudla, imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, izinto ukuqinisekisa induduzo eyisisekelo. Uhlu oluphelele lwezinto ezidingekayo zokukhuphuka lutholakala kuwebhusayithi yenkampani ehlela izinkambo eTanzania. Kukhona nohlu lwezinto ezinconywayo ezifiselekayo, kodwa ezingadingeki. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ube, ngaphezu kwezingubo nezinto ezifudumele, isikhwama sokulala, izibuko zelanga, isibani sasekhanda, izinti zokuhamba, nebhodlela lamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, inkampani ehlelayo ivame ukuhlinzeka ngetende, umata wokukhempa, izitsha nefenisha yekhempu.

Izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zincike emzileni, isikhathi sokukhuphuka, inani labantu abaseqenjini, izimo ezixoxwe ngokuhlukile. Amanani aqala ku-USD 1350 (umzila waseMarangu, izinsuku eziyi-8) bese ukhuphukela ku-USD 4265 (umzila womuntu o-1 nohambo lokuya emgodini). Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu kufanele futhi acabangele lapho iNtaba iKilimanjaro ikhona - insizakalo yenkampani ingafaka ukudluliswa kusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza saseTanzania noma kufanele uzifikele ngokwakho.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

1. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziqongo zezintaba, i-Volcano yaseKilimanjaro ayibonakali iyisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa, kepha-ke, bangama-40% kuphela abagibeli abafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
2. Le ntaba ayinqotshwa izivakashi ezinempilo ngokuphelele kuphela: ngo-2009, abagibeli abangaboni abangamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili bakwazile ukukhuphukela phezulu kwayo, abathi, ngesenzo sabo, basiza ukukhulisa imali yezingane ezingama-52 ezingaboni.
3. Umgibeli omdala kunabo bonke eKilimanjaro wayeneminyaka engama-87 ubudala.
4. Njalo ngonyaka cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 bazama ukukhuphuka intaba.
5. Cishe abantu abayishumi babulawa lapha minyaka yonke ngesikhathi sokwenyuka.

IMount Kilimanjaro akuyona nje ipaki yemvelo eyingqayizivele egcwele izidalwa ezimangalisayo, kepha futhi iyi-adventure yangempela. Futhi ukuze uzizwe ukwanda kwemizwelo, ukuze ube ngumnikazi wesipiliyoni esingenakulibaleka, ukuthinta ubukhulu be-Afrika - ngalokhu udinga ukuvakashela eTanzania futhi uqiniseke mathupha ngezimfanelo ezingenakuqhathaniswa zeKilimanjaro.

Bukela ividiyo: CIC Julius Malema message to C0WARDS,has removed the doubts, SENEKAL (Julayi 2024).