Ungayinikeza kanjani ilamula ngezithelo ezinhle nokuthi ungasondla kanjani isitshalo ekhaya nasensimini evulekile?
Ilamula akusona isitshalo esingenazwela kakhulu, ngakho-ke imvamisa ukutshalwa kwaso akubangeli nkinga enkulu, kodwa-ke, uma kungadli kahle, kungafa nesihlahla esingenakuzithoba.
Izindlela zokufaka umquba enhlabathini, izinhlobo zomanyolo kanye nemiphumela ukunganakwa kokunakekelwa okufanele kungaholela kukho, kuzoxoxwa ngazo kulesi sihloko.
Ukubaluleka kokondla
Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanele kukamanyolo kunomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwanoma isiphi isitshalo, Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sesihlahla selamula, ukufaka umquba kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekugcineni ukubukeka okunempilo kwesitshalo, kodwa futhi nokwandisa ivolumu nekhwalithi yezithelo.
Isimo, usayizi, ukunambitheka kwesithelo - konke lokhu futhi kuncike kumanyolo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okungafanele kunganakwa.
Izinsuku zokufaka isicelo kanye nezimpawu zokushoda kwezinto
Esikhathini esivela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe emhlabathini cishe kanye njalo emavikini amabili, ekwindla - kanye ngenyanga. Ungayondla kanjani ilamula ebusika?
Ukunakwa! Ebusika, awudingi ukondla isitshalo, ngoba phakathi nesikhathi esibandayo isihlahla siwela "ebusika", futhi isidingo sokudla okunomsoco siyanyamalala.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi izimpawu zangaphandle zikhombisa ukuntuleka kwezinto, okulandelayo:
- Ukulahleka kokukhanya kombala noma umbala ophuzi ngamaqabunga, kanye nenethiwekhi evelele yemithambo, kungaba yizimpawu zokushoda kwensimbi. Uma, ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kuvela amabala ansundu emaqabungeni, kusho ukuthi isitshalo sibhekene nokushoda kwama-manganese.
- Uma amahlamvu esethole umbala oluhlaza okotshani, nemithambo ingabonakali ngasemuva jikelele, lokhu kukhombisa ukungabi nesibabule.
- Ukushoda kwe-calcium kubangelwa futhi umthunzi omnyama wamaqabunga, kepha esinye isibonakaliso sokushoda kwalesi sici amahlamvu agobele phansi. Cishe izimpawu ezifanayo ziyabonakala ngokuswela i-boron, kepha kunesici esisodwa: ngokushoda kwe-boric acid, amaqabunga asonga ngaphandle, hhayi ngaphakathi.
- Ukushoda kwethusi kubonakala ngokushintshwa kokuma kwamahlamvu, umbala omnyama wemithambo noma ipuleti lonke leqabunga, futhi kwezinye izimo kuvela koqweqwe olunenhlaka.
Izinto ezibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuvuneni okuhle
Ukushoda kwanoma yiziphi izakhi ezishiwo ngenhla kuzosithinta kabi isimo esijwayelekile sesihlahla nekhwalithi yezithelo, kepha ikakhulukazi ulamula, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium kubalulekile.
Ngayinye yalezi zinto ithinta ukugcinwa kwe-citrus metabolism, iqinisekisa ukukhula nokuvunwa okuhle, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kuphela kuzoholela ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi yesihlahla.
Ungavundisa kanjani futhi ngani isitshalo endle futhi nesihlahla sasekhaya ebhodweni?
Indlela yokufaka umquba wezithelo ebhodweni ekhaya icishe ifane nokondla izihlahla zikalamula ezikhula endle. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ulamula owenziwe ekhaya udinga ukondliwa kaningi ezingxenyeni ezincane. Ukondla isihlahla sikalamula kusetshenziswa omanyolo kanye namanyolo.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo ngalunye lokwengezwa kwethulwe etafuleni:
| Umanyolo wemvelo | Umanyolo wamaminerali | |
| Ukusebenza kahle kokufana | Izinto eziphilayo zibola isikhathi eside emhlabathini, futhi zinesikhathi eside sokwenza, kepha ngenxa yalokhu, akufanelekile ukugcwaliswa okuphuthumayo kokushoda kwento ethile. | Ziyancibilika masinyane futhi zimuncwe yisitshalo, kepha futhi ziyoma ngokushesha, yingakho umanyolo wezimbiwa kufanele usetshenziswe kaningi. |
| Umthelela enhlabathini | Nikela ekwakheni ama-humus futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi. | Akuthinti izindawo ezibonakalayo zenhlabathi. |
| Intengo nokusebenziseka kalula | Izinto eziphilayo zemvelo zinezindleko eziphansi, kepha kunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngenxa yezici ezithile zokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa. Umanyolo wezimboni wezimboni kulula ukuwusebenzisa, kepha amanani awo aphezulu kakhulu. | Ishibhile kunokuphilayo futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba ayidingi ukulungiswa kanzima, futhi nenani lezinto ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni lilinganisiwe. |
| Ingozi engaba khona | Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kuthinta inani lesitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo. | Banokuhlushwa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke, uma umthamo weqiwe, bangadala umonakalo omkhulu futhi baholele ekufeni kwesitshalo. |
Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa womabili umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali, njengoba zigcwalisana futhi zinezinzuzo ezihlukile. Into esemqoka: ukugcina isilinganiso, futhi ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto i-citrus elinalo.
Okubalwe ngezansi kukhona zonke izinto ezidingekayo ze-micro and macro kanye nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomanyolo:
- I-nitrogen: i-sodium ne-calcium nitrate, i-ammonium sulfate ne-urea.
- Potassium: i-potassium chloride ne-potassium sulfate.
- I-Phosphorus: ama-superphosphates angashadile noma aphindwe kabili, aqhephukile, ama-thermophosphates.
- Insimbi: i-iron vitriol, ama-pyrite cinders, i-ferric chloride.
- I-calcium: i-limestone, idoki, isilika esishisiwe nesilayishiwe.
- Magnesium: i-magnesium carbonate, i-magnesium sulfate, ufulawa we-dolomite.
- Isibabule: i-superphosphate elula, i-ammonium sulfate, i-gypsum, i-potassium sulfate.
- Yethusi: i-copper sulfate, ama-pyrite cinders.
- Bor: i-boric acid, i-borax.
Umanyolo wemvelo wemvelo ofanele ukondla ulamula yilezi:
- Ubulongwe behhashi;
- ubulongwe benkomo;
- Ubulongwe bezinkukhu.
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa amakhambi esintu ukuvundisa izithelo ezisawolintshi. Vele, izindlela ezinjalo zokondla isihlahla selamula azisihlanganisi isidingo sokusebenzisa amaminerali noma umanyolo ophilayo, kepha zingaba umthombo owengeziwe wezinto ezidingekayo. Izibonelo zalabo manyolo yilezi:
- Izinkuni umlotha (i-phosphorus, i-potassium). Ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 (ithisipuni elilodwa lomlotha ku-spoonful yamanzi).
- Ukwenza itiye (i-magnesium, i-iron, ithusi nezinye). Ukulungiselela ukumnika, kuthelwa ingilazi eyodwa yamakhasi etiye asetshenzisiwe ngamalitha amathathu wamanzi abilayo. Ngaphambi kokuchelela, ukumnika kupholile futhi kuhlungiwe.
- Imvuthuluka yamaqanda ehlanganiswe nesitashi (i-calcium). Inhlabathi ivele ifafazwe ngale mpuphu, noma ingxube ithelwa ngamanzi, ifakwe bese kulapho-ke ulamula uthululwa ngalolu ketshezi oluvelayo.
- Iquinoa encane (i-nitrogen). Amaqabunga achotshoziwe alesi sitshalo ahlanganiswe nongqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi ebhodweni.
- Imbabazane (i-calcium ne-magnesium, umkhondo wezakhi). Ukulungiselela ukumnika, thela amanzi abilayo phezu kwamaqabunga e-nettle aqoshiwe kanye neziqu bese uvala isitsha ngesembozo, ushiye le ngxube amaviki amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumnika kufanele kushukunyiswe nsuku zonke, futhi ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokuvutshelwa, umanyolo uhlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10.
Ngesikhathi sokuthela
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kanye nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-citrus adinga ikakhulukazi ukondleka okwengeziwe. Udinga ukukhetha umanyolo onzima futhi uwasebenzise njalo: njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Inkomba! Umphumela omuhle kakhulu uzolethwa ngokushintshaniswa kukamanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nowokwemvelo.
Ukudlula ngokweqile komanyolo
Ukuhlushwa okuningi kwama-macro- kanye nezinto ezincane emhlabathini kungaholela ezifweni, kwehle umkhiqizo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi - kube sekufeni kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, nge-nitrogen eyeqile, ukukhula kwamahlumela namaqabunga kuyakhula, kepha ulamula uyayeka ukuthela izithelo, futhi ngenxa yokweqisa kwe-potassium, ukusha namabala we-necrotic angavela emaqabungeni, futhi izithelo zizothola isimo esingajwayelekile kanye nekhasi elijiyile.
Ukuze unciphise ukugxila kwalesi noma saleso sakhi, kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo kakhulu izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngaleyo ndlela ugeze usawoti omningi emhlabathini.
Isikimu esifanele
Izakhamzimba ezingeziwe zokondla ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinyanga ezahlukahlukene:
- ngoMashi nango-Ephreli kusetshenziselwa ukumnika i-superphosphate ne-mullein;
- ngoMeyi, ngoJuni nangoJulayi - i-superphosphate, i-urea ne-potassium sulfate;
- futhi ngo-Agasti - konke kufana nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kepha ngokungezwa kweslurry nama-manganese.
Ekwindla kusetshenziswa omanyolo abayinkimbinkimbi, kanti ebusika uma kunesidingo kungenziwa ukugqoka amafoliar.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga?
Into esemqoka lapho uthenga ukugqoka okuphezulu ukutadisha ngokucophelela ilebula: Umanyolo kufanele umakwe "ngezithelo ezisawolintshi".
Omunye womanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ovame kakhulu kalamula umanyolo owuketshezi ovela kumkhiqizo weBona Forte, ongathengwa kokubili esitolo se-inthanethi nasezitolo ezithengisa.
Isitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke lapho ungathenga khona lo manyolo kanye nemikhiqizo yezinye izinhlobo yiLoyoy Merlin. Ezitolo zaseMoscow naseMoscow, izindleko zokufaka umquba kaBona Forte wezithelo ezisawolintshi ziyashintshashintsha cishe ama-ruble ayi-120, eSt.
Kwenzekani uma ungasebenzisi okwemvelo namaminerali?
Ukunakwa! Amaminerali aqukethwe enhlabathini ethengiwe azohlala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, emva kwalokho isitshalo sizodinga umsoco owengeziwe.
Ukushaya indiva ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kuzoholela ku:
- ukuphazamiseka kokukhula nokuthuthuka kwesihlahla selamula;
- ukulimala kwamahlamvu;
- ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukutshala isihlahla samawolintshi esinempilo futhi esihle, uzuze ukuqhakaza kukalamula bese uvuna isivuno esihle, kuzodingeka usondle isitshalo futhi ubheke ngokucophelela isimo saso.
Ngokufaka ngesikhathi esifanele omanyolo abanzima enhlabathini, ngeke nje unikeze inani elanele lawo wonke amaminerali, kepha futhi ugcine nemizamo yakho nesikhathi, ngoba ngokuzayo ngeke kudingeke uthenge umanyolo obiza kakhulu ngemicrutrient ukugcwalisa ukusilela kwento eyodwa noma enye into.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo lapho abalimi abanolwazi bekhuluma ngobunzima bokudla ulamula wasendlini: