I-Agrotechnology, izici nama-nuances we-artichoke ekhulayo yaseJerusalema endle ezweni, ekhaya nasebhizinisini
Ipheya lobumba isitshalo esingapheli esimangalisa ngokungathobeki nokukhiqiza.
Lesi sitshalo sathola igama elithi "ipheya lobumba" ngenxa yesimo esilinganisiwe sezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqukethe ukwakheka okuhlukile kwamavithamini namaminerali.
Izwe lakubo kwakuyiNyakatho Melika, lapho esatholakala khona endle. Ipheya lobumba lafika eYurophu ngenxa yesihambi uSamuel de Champlain ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17.
I-Agrotechnics nezici zokutshalwa kwephare lobumba
IJerusalem artichoke, noma ipheya eliphansi, kunezinzuzo eziningi kunezinye izitshalo. It is kabanzi ekuphekeni, engadini kanye imithi.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nezinto zangaphandle, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ayidingi izindlela zokususa ukhula, ukondla nokuvikela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, IJerusalem artichoke itshala inhlabathi futhi isuse ukhula oluvela engadini... Ingatshalwa engadini efanayo iminyaka engama-30-40 ngaphandle kokulimaza inhlabathi.
Izindleko zembewu
Intengo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema isukela kuma-ruble angama-25 kuye kwangama-150 ngekhilogremu. Ikhilogremu elilodwa liqukethe izilimo eziyizigaxa eziyi-10-15. Ibanga lentengo livumelekile ngesizini, isifunda lapho kuthunyelwa khona izilimo eziyizigaxa futhi nenani liyaliwe.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ungazala kanjani imifino ensimini evulekile esizeni noma ezweni?
Okulandelayo kuchaza ukuthi ungalikhulisa kanjani kahle ipheya lobumba endle.
Ukutshala imbewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa zayo
Izimbewu ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema zitshalwa entwasahlobo enhlabathini ngokujula okungu-7-8 cm, kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zepheya lobumba - entwasahlobo kuya ekujuleni okungu-6-12 cm noma ngaphambi kobusika ngo-10-12 cm.Isikhathi sokutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema sincike ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethelwe ukulinywa.
Ukunakekela
Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela okuqala e-artichoke yaseJerusalema, udinga ukusula izikhala zokhula bese uzithukulule. Inqubo kufanele iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngekhefu lamaviki angu-2-3. Ipheya lobumba kumele lidliwe futhi londliwe nge-urea lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ku-15-25 cm ukuphakama. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ngombuso omuhle wokushisa kanye nokusakazwa komoya okukhulu kakhulu, okuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekunambitheni kwepharele lobumba.
Ukunisela
Njengoba i-artichoke yaseJerusalema isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezinyangeni ezomile ezifundeni eziseningizimu isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10, kusetshenziswa amalitha ayi-10-15 wamanzi ukumanzisa isihlahla esisodwa. Ipheya lobumba alidingi ukuchelela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingakhula ngaphandle kokukhulelwa, kepha ukugqoka okuphezulu kungacishe kuphindwe kabili isivuno sepheya lobumba. Ngentwasahlobo, i-nitrogen noma umanyolo womanyolo kufanele wengezwe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala wepheya lobumba, ungavundisa lesi sitshalo ngokumnika amakhambi avutshiwe ahlanganiswe notosi bezinkukhu. NgoJulayi, kufanelekile ukufaka umquba esitshalweni nganoma yisiphi isisombululo sezinhlanzi zasolwandle noma ukumnika umquba oluhlaza.
Amanyolo amaminerali kufanele asetshenziswe minyaka yonke, kanye nama-organic fertilizer - kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukuncipha
IJerusalem artichoke inamandla okucindezelana, okuthinta kabi inani lesitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamapheya obumba, ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kwabo ngokweqile... Udinga ukucabanga ngalesi sigaba sokunakekelwa lapho ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungu-10 cm.
Ibanga elamukelekayo phakathi kwemigqa ye-artichoke yaseJerusalema kubhekwa njenge-30-35 cm, naphakathi kokutshala - 45-50 cm.
Ukuvikelwa
Lapho ukubola okumhlophe ne-powdery isikhutha (ukuqhuma okumhlophe ngeziqu) kuvela ku-artichoke yaseJerusalema, izitshalo ezithintekile kuzodingeka zishiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwezinye izihlahla.
Ukuthena
Ukuthena izihlahla ze-artichoke zaseJerusalema ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kunomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni. Kuyadingeka ukusika izimbali ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema ukuze zonke izakhamzimba ziye ekuthuthukiseni izimpande zezitshalo.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ungasabalalisa kanjani ekhaya?
Ukukhulisa ipheya lobumba ekhaya, tshala lesi sitshalo emabhokisini okudonsa amanzi noma ezitsheni ezinkulu zokusabalalisa imbewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ukunakekela ipheya lobumba ekhaya cishe akuhlukile nokunakekela lesi sitshalo endle.
kodwa I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ekhaya idinga ukuniselwa njalo... Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngamanzi ngezinga lokushisa lama-15 degrees.
Ukukhula njengebhizinisi
ERussia, bayanda abalimi abacabanga ngokuzalanisa i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ukuze ithengiswe, ngoba izilimo eziyizigaxa zobumba eliphakathi kwe-pear zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza ukudla kokudla nokwezingane, futhi okuphakelayo kwezilwane okusezingeni eliphakeme kwenziwa ngosayizi oluhlaza. Isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa singafinyelela ku-40-50 t / ha, futhi isivuno sobukhulu obuluhlaza - 30 t / ha.
Uma sibheka ukuthi intengo emaphakathi yezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingama-ruble angama-87.4 ngekhilogremu, kanti intengo emaphakathi yesisindo esiluhlaza ingu-1075 ruble ngethani ngalinye imali evela ehektheleni elilodwa lomhlaba otshalwe ne-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingafinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezi-4.
Njengoba i-artichoke yaseJerusalema iyisitshalo esingathobeki, izindleko zomkhiqizo wayo, njengoba abalimi bevuma, zincane. Ukuthengwa okubiza kakhulu kuzoba ugandaganda T-25 wokuvuna, obiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500-600. Uma sengeza enanini lentengo kagandaganda izindleko zokutshala izinto, uphethiloli kanye nomholo kubasebenzi, khona-ke inani le-2,250,000 lizokhishwa, elicishe liphindwe kabili kunenzuzo evela ehektheleni elilodwa elitshalwe ne-artichoke yaseJerusalema.
Ukubhaliswa kwenhlangano esemthethweni yebhizinisi
Ukubhalisa inhlangano esemthethweni eRussia, uzodinga iphakethe elithile lamadokhumenti, elingalungiswa yinoma iyiphi inkampani yezomthetho esifundeni sakho. Kodwa-ke, kunemininingwane eminingi usomabhizinisi okufanele anqume ngayo ngaphambi kokuhambisa amadokhumenti:
- Bhala izinombolo zezinhlobo zemisebenzi eyenziwa yinhlangano esemthethweni kusuka enkombeni ye-OKVED.
- Khetha ifomu elifanele lobunikazi - i-LLC noma i-IE.
- Uma kunabahlanganyeli abaningana, udinga ukudala imemorandamu yenhlangano, ucacise inani lemali okufanele utshale imali, khetha umqondisi jikelele.
- Thola ikheli elisemthethweni ukubhalisa inhlangano esemthethweni.
Imali yombuso yokubhaliswa kwenhlangano esemthethweni ingama-ruble ayi-4000.
Izici:
Ukutshalwa kwepharele lobumba, okungenye yezitshalo zezolimo ezishesha kakhulu, kuletha inzuzo enkulu kosomabhizinisi: izindleko zokukhula i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ziphansi, izindleko eziphezulu zilindelwe kuphela ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa, eminyakeni elandelayo usomabhizinisi kuzodingeka asebenzise imali kuphela ekwehleni kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nomholo wabasebenzi.
Amaphutha okungenzeka nezindlela zokuwalungisa
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ekutshalweni kwe-artichoke eJerusalema, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno, ukuqina kokutshalwa kwepharele lobumba. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa kalula ngokuncipha ukutshalwa kwezitshalo esezivele zafika kubude obungu-10 cm. Uma kuqhamuke uqweqwe olujiyile olungenamoya emhlabathini, kufanele lukhululwe ngokucophelela.
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi Ipheya lobumba liyisitshalo esingenamandla, kufanele liniselwe okungenani kanye ngenyanga, futhi umkhiqizo walesi sitshalo uzonyuswa ngokuphelele ngokusondeza ngesikhathi esifanele entwasahlobo nasengxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.
Abalimi be-Novice bavame ukwenza iphutha lokusika ingxenye esemoyeni ye-artichoke yase-Jerusalem ekwindla. Lokhu kuyiphutha, ngoba ingxenye engaphezulu ayifanele isikwe kuze kufike esivunweni uqobo: inegalelo ekuqongeleleni izakhamzimba ezilwaneni eziyizigaxa zonyaka ozayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema isengozini yezifo nezinambuzane. kodwa ehlobo elomile ngokweqile noma elina kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sithambekele ekuguleni:
- Ukubola okumhlophe, okuvezwa ngengubo ezwakala ngeziqu. Isihlahla se-artichoke saseJerusalema esigulayo sidinga ukushiswa ukuze kuvikelwe izifo zawo wonke amahlathi ezihlahla.
- Isikhunta se-Powdery, uphawu lwayo olubuye lube uqweqwe lweziqu. Isitshalo esigulayo kufanele sishiswe.
- I-Alternaria, lapho amaqabunga ehlanganiswa khona namabala ansundu amnyama bese ayoma.
I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingalimala ngu:
- ama-slugs;
- ibhere;
- amagundane;
- izinsumpa;
- Kwangathi amabhungane nezibungu zawo.
Isixazululo sensipho egxilile noma ukumnika ugarlic kungasiza ukugwema le nkinga.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Lapho kufika ukwindla, ingxenye kuphela ye-artichoke yaseJerusalema okufanele imbiwe, ngoba Ipheya lobumba yisitshalo esimelana nesithwathwa esizomelana no -40.
Ngokumba kwepheya lobumba, udinga ukulinda kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Lapho uqala ukumba i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, izakhamzimba ezingaphansi ozothola kuzo.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zayo ezingenakuphikwa, ipheya lobumba linenkinga eyodwa ebalulekile: izithelo ziwohloka masinyane ekamelweni lokushisa. Kungakho abalimi bemifino abanolwazi bancoma ukuthi kugcinwe i-artichoke yaseJerusalema egumbini elinomswakama ophakeme, noma ezingxenyeni ezincane esiqandisini, noma ezinqwabeni.
IBurta ngumgodi ongajulile lapho kungcwatshwa izimpande, kushintshana nezendlalelo zesihlabathi, utshani noma iqhwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingomiswa futhi isetshenziswe ngokwemithi. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu lapha.
IJerusalem artichoke yigama elisha uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ovamile, kepha lesi sitshalo maduze sizonakwa ngokungathobeki kwaso, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokukhiqiza kwaso. Ipheya lobumba liqukethe izinto eziwusizo ezidingekayo ezinganeni nasekudleni okunomsoco.