Ukuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokwenza izinqubo zokuqothuka + izigaba ezi-5 zokumemezela ukuthi inkampani esemthethweni iqothukile: imiphumela kanye nesibopho

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Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele lingakanani? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Izinkinga zokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho wamanje we-federal zifanelekile kumabhizinisi enza imisebenzi yokuhweba.

Ukuqothuka kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni kungesinye sezixazululo ezinkingeni zezezimali zebhizinisi lokuhlala ngokuhlanganyela nababolekisi. Ake sihlolisise inqubo yokuqothuka.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya:

Umqondo nezimpawu zomthetho + ngokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni;
Izigaba nezici zenqubo yokuqothuka yebhizinisi elisemthethweni - imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo;
Ama-nuances ezinkambiso zokuqothuka + isikweletu esisekela ekuqothulweni kwenhlangano esemthethweni.

Esihlokweni, sizobona ukuthi ukuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni kuyini, yini inqubo + esizoyinikeza iziyalezo ngezinyathelo zokumemezela ukuthi inkampani esemthethweni ifile. Uzothola ukuthi inqubo yokuqothuka ihamba kanjani nokuthi isiphi isikweletu esisekelayo ekuqothulweni

1. Ukuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu (ukuqothuka) kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - izici eziyinhloko nezimfuneko zokuqala pre

Umthetho wokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweledu usekelwe ezigabeni UMthethosisekelo, Kwekhodi Yomphakathi yeRussian Federationkufaka phakathi amalungiselelo ekumemezeleni ukuthi abakweletayo bawile futhi bathathe ngenkani impahla yabo besebenzisa abakweletwayo, I-Federal Laws No. 127-FZ ka-Okthoba 26, 2002 "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)", kanye no-482-FZ kaJanuwari 29, 2014 "Kuzichibiyelo Zomthetho We-Federal" On Insolvency (Bankruptcy) ".

Landa umthetho wokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - Federal Law ngokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni zango-2015

Umthetho wobumbano uhumusha umqondo wokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu (ukuqothuka) njengokungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele kokwenza izinkokhelo kulowo okweletayo ngezibopho ezithathwa kulabo abakweletwayo kanye nabasebenzi bebhizinisi.

Eqinisweni, ibhizinisi elisemthethweni alinayo imali yamahhala yokwenza ukuthengiselana kwezezimali ngaphansi kobudlelwano bezivumelwano kokubili endaweni yebhizinisi engaphandle naphakathi kwenkampani.

Izikweletu zebhizinisi elisemthethweni, elibalwa njengezimpahla ezingeyona imali, zingabuyiselwa kubabolekisi kuphela ngezinkantolo.

Izizathu zokuqalisa icala:

izibopho zesikweletu sebhizinisi elisemthethweni enanini eliphelele okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lesikweletu esiyinhloko alibandakanyi izinhlawulo nezinhlawulo ezikhokhiswa kuso. Ngaphambi kokuba izichibiyelo zenziwe emthethweni ngoJanuwari 29, 2014, FZ No. 482-FZ, inani lemali eqoqiwe lalingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu;
inhlangano ayenzi izinkokhelo eziyimpoqo kwabakweletwayo kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu;
inkampani ayikhokhi amaholo, izinzuzo nezinye izinkokhelo eziphoqelekile kubasebenzi bakho.

Uma izidingo ezibaluliwe zihlangatshezwa okweletayo noma okweletayo uqobo ingaqala inqubo yokuqothuka.

Izichibiyelo ezenziwe ngoJanuwari 29, 2014 emthethweni wokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu (ukuqothuka) zihlinzeka ngesimo esinqabela ukukhetha komphathi wokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu uma kwenzeka ukuthi icala liqalwe ngumuntu okweletayo uqobo.

Ngaphezu kwalesi simo, iFederal Law No. 482-FZ yangomhla kaJanuwari 29, 2014, ichibiyele inqubo yokumemezela ukuthi inkampani esemthethweni iqothukile ngamabhange.

Amabhange anikezwa ukukhetha ukukhansela ukwamukelwa kwesinqumo senkantolo yokulamula lapho kumenyezelwa ukuthi okweletayo ufile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhange anelungelo lokuqala inqubo yokuqothuka ngokushesha lapho kunezizathu zalokhu, ngaphandle kokuya enkantolo yokulamula ukuthola isinqumo sokuqala.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwecala lokuqothuka kwabanye ababolekisi kwenziwa ngendlela enqunywe yi-Federal Law ka-Okthoba 26, 2002 No. 127-FZ.

Ngemuva kokuthi inkampani - okweletayo kuthiwe usephelelwe yimali, izimangalo zokuqoqwa kwezikweletu ngabakweletwayo zibhekwa ngumhlangano jikelele ogunyaziwe futhi ukulawula imizimba kanye ummeleli wenkantolo yokulamula.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kokuqothuka, amandla enhloko yenkampani athathwa ngumlawuli wokuqothuka.

Isikhathi sokumemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi liqhekekile yisikhathi se- kungadluli izinyanga ezi-3 kusukela lapho isicelo sifakwa.

Izizathu zenhloso yokuchithwa kwenkampani:

ukuhlela ibhizinisi okuntekenteke noma okungalungile, ukungabi namasu acacile okuthuthuka kwebhizinisi; (Sesivele sibhalile ukuthi singalakha kanjani uhlelo lwebhizinisi ezindabeni zethu zangaphambilini)
iqembu labaphathi elingenamakhono;
ukuntuleka kochwepheshe emsebenzini;
ukwehluleka ukugcina inqubomgomo efanele yamanani;
ingcindezi yokuncintisana.

Izizathu zokuqothuka zinqunywa yizici eziningi, ezivame ukuhlangana, ezincike kuzo ezepolitiki, kwezomnotho isimo ezweni, umuntu ngamunye izici zentuthuko yenkampani, ukuba nengqondo ukwakheka kwenhlangano, isitayela sokuphatha futhi ezinye izinto.

Izimpawu zokuqothuka

Uphawu oluyisisekelo lokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu (ukuqothuka) kwenhlangano ukungabi bikho kwemali yokukhokha izikweletu kubakweletisi. Uma ubunzima bezezimali buhlala ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-3, khona-ke kunezizathu zokuqala inqubo yokuqothuka.

Izimpawu ezingaqondile zokuqothuka zibandakanya ukwanda kwama-akhawunti atholakalayo, ukwehla kokuhamba kwemali yenkampani, ukuhlehliswa kwemali ekhokhelwa inzalo kubatshalizimali kanye nomholo kubasebenzi benkampani.

1.1. Kungani inqubo yokuqothuka yebhizinisi esemthethweni idingeka?

Ukwenza inqubo yokuqothuka kwenza umuntu okweletayo akwazi ukuxazulula ubunzima bezezimali ngokubuyekeza uhlelo lokukhokha lwezibopho, ukuxhasa kabusha izikweletu noma ukukhokhela emuva.

Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwesikweletu ngeke kwenzeke, kepha kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ukhokhe izikweletu ngezinye izindlela kungadliwa impahla ekhona ehambayo nenganyakazi.

"Ithemba lokuqothuka kwamafemu lisho ukunqanyulwa okulandelayo kwemisebenzi yabo, kwezinye izimo - ukuhlelwa kabusha ngokuphelele kwenhlangano esemthethweni"

Kungani okweletayo edinga ukuqothuka?

Ukugcwalisa isicelo sokumemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi liwile ngokwenziwa ngumuntu okweletayo kungaba nezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, ukuqala kusukela ekungenzeki kwangempela ukukhokha izikweletu futhi ukuphela ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni yi-raider.

Inqubo yokuqothuka kuleli cala isebenza njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela ngokomthetho ekulweni nokuncintisana okuvela ngaphandle. Ngaphambi kokuchitshiyelwa komthetho wobumbano ngokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni, ukuqaliswa kwale nqubo okweletwayo ube nezinzuzo eziningana, kufaka phakathi okungenzeka ukhetho oluzimele lukakhomishani wokuqothuka.

Ngemuva kokuchitshiyelwa komthetho, leli lungiselelo kukhanseliwenabakweletayo ngeke bakwazi ukukhetha umphathi wokulamula.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwenqubo yokuqothuka kunezinzuzo eziningi kulowo okweletayo mayelana nokumiswa kwezinyathelo zokuqoqwa kwezikweletu, kanye nokulindela kwesikhalazo sabo bonke ababolekisi ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu eziqoqiwe.

Kungani ukuqothuka kudingekile kokweletwayo?

Ukugcwalisa ukuqothuka kombolekisi kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokubuyisa izikweletu. Lesi senzo sibaluleke kakhulu uma inkampani yomuntu okweletayo isebenza, futhi owehlisa isikweletu enempahla nempahla, ngenxa yalokho okweletwayo angaqoqa isikweletu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqala kwamacala wokuqothuka kombolekisi kuyamnika inzuzo yokuqoka umphathi wakho, kanye nokusheshisa inqubo yokuqoqwa kwezikweletu, ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yomsebenzi wesikhathi eside wensizakalo yesikhonzi senkantolo.

Lapho sekuphothulwe inqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweledu, ukugcwaliseka kwezibopho kubabolekisi kuzokwenziwa ngenye indlela.

1.2. Ngubani ongafaka isicelo futhi aqale inqubo yokuqothuka yebhizinisi elisemthethweni

Ukuqala inqubo yokuqothuka kwenhlangano, kubalulekile ukufaka isicelo enkantolo yokulamula ngumqalisi wecala, okungaba:

ifemu uqobo, ekweleta izibopho zayo (abasunguli, abasunguli, abaphathi, abanikazi bebhizinisi);
ababolekisi, abantu besithathu;
izinhlaka zikahulumeni;
ukuphathwa kwesikhashana kanye nezindikimba zokulawula.

Isinyathelo sokuqala isikweleti esiqinile ekusungulweni kwezinqubo zokuqothuka yisixazululo salutary uma isikweletu sezibopho sidlula kakhulu inani lezimpahla zezimali zenkampani.

Ngezansi kwesixhumanisi ungalanda isampula yesimangalo:

Isimangalo sokumemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho lisemthethweni njengongenamali (Isampula)

Ukuphuma emgodini wesikweletu senkampani kuphela ngokuphela kwenqubo yokuqothuka: isikweletu siyasulwa futhi kubhekwe ukuthi sikhokhwe ngokuphelele, noma ngabe ababolekisi bengakayitholi imali ekhokhwayo ephelele ngokugcwele, amabhizinisi ayenze ukuyikhokha.

Ububi obukhulu indlela enjalo yokuxazulula ubunzima bezezimali ukungabi nethuba lokukhetha umphathi wokulamula, okufaka ukungabaza isimo sobuqotho futhi umphumela omuhle wecala.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kunezimpawu eziyisisekelo zokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweledu, ibhizinisi elisesikweletu ngaphansi kwesibopho salo linesibopho esisemthethweni sokufaka icala lokuqothuka.

Ababolekisi angafaka isicelo enkantolo yokulamula ngokumemezela ukuqothuka kwebhizinisi elithile noma okwamanje lapho liqhubeka nomsebenzi walo wokuhweba. Uma ukukhokha kwezibopho kudlulelwe yisikhathi, uzokwazi ukuqoka umphathi wakhe wezezimali futhi alawule imisebenzi yebhizinisi.

Bangafaka isicelo enkantolo ukumemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi liwile imizimba yombuso: Ihhovisi lomshushisi futhi iziphathimandla zentela... Isisekelo sesikhalazo kungaba ukuntuleka kwemininingwane kumarisidi ezezimali isikhathi eside.

Nazi izibonelo zokumemezela okweletayo - inhlangano esemthethweni eqothukile:

Isampula isicelo sokuqothuka esivela emzimbeni ogunyaziwe;
Isibonelo sesimangalo sokuqothuka esivela kumbolekisi wokuqothuka.

Ngaphezu kwalowo okweletayo, ababolekisi bokuqothuka, imigwamanda egunyaziwe, abaphathi besikhashana kanye nezindikimba zokulawula nazo zinelungelo lokufaka isicelo enkantolo yokulamula nesicelo sokumemezela izinhlangano zezezimali eziwile.

Kokunye ukukhishwa kwethu kwangaphambilini, sabhala ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuqedwa kwe-LLC, sinikeze imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngasinye, sibonga ukuthi inqubo yokuvala izohamba kahle, sincoma ukuthi uyifunde nawe.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo (izigaba) zenqubo yokuqothuka

2.5 izigaba zokumemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi elisemthethweni liqhekekile - izici kanye nama-nuances wenqubo yokuqothuka yebhizinisi elisemthethweni 📋

Ukuba khona kwezici eziyisisekelo zokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu kunquma ukuqashelwa yinkantolo iqiniso lokuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni.

Ukwamukelwa kwaleli qiniso njengokuhluleka kokweletayo amanothi wesithembiso aphephile, ukhokhe intela futhi imali akusona isizathu sokuvalwa kwebhizinisi okulandelayo.

Ngaphezu kwezigaba zezinqubo zokuqothuka ezisetshenziswayo lapho izinhlangano zinqanyulwa, enkampanini ethile - okweletayo ezinye izinhlobo zokuphathwa komncintiswano zingasetshenziswa:

ukuqaphela;
ukuvuselelwa kwezezimali;
ukuphathwa kwangaphandle;
inqubo yokuqothuka;
isivumelwano sokuthula.

Ukwenza amacala okuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweledu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olunesisombululo esinezigaba eziningi zezinkinga ngazinye.

Ukuhambisana nalokhu kulandelana akuphoqelekile, ukwenziwa kwenqubo eyodwa noma enye yokuqothuka kunqunywa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sebhizinisi ngokuya ngemiphumela yokubuka ukhomishani wokuqothuka, ababolekisi, inhlangano esemthethweni.

Ezimweni eziningi, inqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu ayifaki zonke izigaba, kepha kukhawulelwe ekubukeni futhi inqubo yokuqothuka ngaphandle kokuya kwezinye izigaba.

Isigaba ngasinye sisungulwa ngesinqumo sokulamula esisuselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezimo ngazinye zesimo ebhizinisini, esethulwe emhlanganweni jikelele wababolekisi.

Isigaba 1. Inqubo yokuqapha yokuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni

Isigaba sokuqala sokusungula ukukhokhela izikweledu ukuqapha imisebenzi yezomnotho yenkampani yabakweletayo.

Inhloso yokubheka ukuhlonza amandla wezezimali ebhizinisini, kanye nokuhlaziya isikhundla salo embonini njengomuntu ocebile noma obambe iqhaza ngokungenamali phakathi kwamabhizinisi.

Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe okweletayo unethuba langempela yini lokukhokha izikweletu nokwenza ezinye izinkokhelo eziyimpoqo ngokugcwele.

Inqubo yokubuka isho ukuncipha amandla ekhanda lebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela khomba amakhono wezezimali nezinga lokuxazululwa kwenkampani esemthethweni, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwempahla yakhe.

Ukuqaphela kuholela ekushiyeni ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo phakathi kwenhlangano esemthethweni ekweletwayo nabakweletwayo.

Inqubo yokuqapha ukuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni. Inhloso enkulu yesiteji ukukhomba amandla wezezimali wenhlangano

Izinhloso eziyinhloko zenqubo yokubuka yilezi:

hlaziya impahla, impahla, impahla yenkampani futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha kwabo;
dweba uhlu oluphelele lwabakweletwayo, abatshalizimali, abasebenzi, okukhona kubo isikweletu semali;
bhala irejista yezibopho zenkontileka, ucabangela lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo ngazo;
unqume inani eliphelele lezibopho zesikweletu;
yenza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamathuba wokuhlela ukuphuma enkingeni yezimali kanye nokubuya kwe-solvency.

Sonke isikhathi sokubukwa yinkantolo yokulamula kuqokwa umphathi wesikhashanangolwazi olukhethekile nokuqeqeshwa, isimo sengqondo esizimele futhi esingacwasi okweletayo futhi okweletayo kunqubo yokuqapha imisebenzi yezomnotho yebhizinisi.

Imenenja yesikhashana inokufinyelela kulo lonke ulwazi lwebhizinisi, kufaka phakathi leyo equkethe imininingwane ehlukanisiwe. Inqubo yokubheka inomkhawulo ocacile okufanele iqhubeke ngawo. kungadluli izinyanga eziyi-7.

Inhlangano iyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengokujwayelekile sonke isikhathi. alikho ilungelo lokuhlela kabusha, ivula imikhiqizo emisha, iminyango, izinkampani ezingaphansi. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, umphathi wesikhashana kufanele ahambise enkantolo yokulamula umbiko kanye nemiphumela yomsebenzi.

Umbiko kufanele ube nemininingwane elandelayo:

ngesimo sezimali senhlangano - okweletayo;
uhlelo lwesenzo oluthile lokubuya kwesolvency;
iziphakamiso kanye nezicelo zabakweletwayo.

Ngokuya ngokubheka komphathi wesikhashana, kubhekwa amathuba ezinye izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezihlose ukukhipha ibhizinisi enkingeni yezezimali.

Ngemuva kokuthi ibhizinisi lingene enkambisweni yokuqothuka, kuvela izimo ezihambisana nazo, ezenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho wamanje:

Zonke izimangalo zemali ezibhekiswe kulowo okweletayo, ngaphandle kwezinkokhelo zamanje, wafaka icala lokuhluleka ukukhokha imali, hhayi ngqo kulowo owenze iphutha;
Izinqubo zokubulawa zivuliwe ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu kumisiwe, ukuboshwa neminye imikhawulo ayibekwa noma isuswe, ngaphandle kwamacala athile ahlinzekwa ngumthetho;
Kuvinjelwe ukukhokhwa kwezindleko noma ukwabiwa kwamasheya wabasunguli lapho beshiya ibhizinisi, ukuthengwa kwamasheya abekiwe ngulowo owenza iphutha;
Akuvunyelwe ukuqeda izimangalo eziphikisayo uma kwenzeka kwephulwa ukulandelana kokukhokhwa kwesikweletu kwabakweletwayo;
Akuvunyelwe bamba impahla ngumnikazi webhizinisi elihlangene;
Kuvinjelwe izinkokhelo zokwahlukaniswa, inzalo, imali engenayo eyabiwayo, ukwabelana ngenzuzo;
Kuyanqanyulwa ukuqoqwa kwenhlawulo, izinhlawulo zokwephula ukukhokhelwa kwemali;
Kuyadingeka ukuthola imvume yomphathi wesikhashana wokuthengiselana kokukhishwa kwempahla enenani lencwadi ngaphezu kuka-5% okuvela kwimpahla yenkampani - isiphambeko;
Kufanele uthole imvume umphathi wesikhashana wokuthengiselana ekwamukelweni nasekukhishweni kwezimali ezibolekiwe (izimalimboleko), izibambiso, izibopho eziqinisekisiwe, ukwabiwa kwamalungelo ezimangalo, ekudlulisweni kwezikweletu nasekuvunyelweni kokuphathwa kwempahla yomlahli wesisekelo ngesisekelo segunya lommeli;
Izigungu ezilawulayo azinalo ilungelo yenza izinqumo mayelana nokuqedwa kwemisebenzi noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi, ngokubamba iqhaza komuntu okweletayo kwezinye izinhlangano, ukwakhiwa kwamanye amafemu, izinkampani ezingaphansi, amahhovisi abamele, amagatsha.

Zonke lezi zimo zihambisana nenqubo yokuqothuka esigabeni sayo sokuqala - ukugadwa, inhloso enkulu yawo ukuhlaziya amandla wezezimali walowo ongakhokhi ukukhomba amathuba okuvuselela le solvency, ukuba khona kwenani elanele lempahla ukumboza izindleko zenqubo yokuqothuka nokwakha irejista yezimangalo zabakweletwayo.

Njengomphumela wokuhlaziywa, umhlangano jikelele wababolekisi uthathe isinqumo sokuqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo sokuqothuka.

Isigaba 2. Ukuvuselelwa kwezezimali (ukuhlelwa kabusha)

Lesi sigaba sokuqothuka sihilela ukulungiswa nokuvunywa kohlelo lokusebenza lokubuyisa ukusombuluka kwenhlangano.

Inhloso yombhalo onjalo - isikhathi esilinganiselwe ukukhokha isikweletu ngezibopho zesikweletu kanye namaholo kubasebenzi.

Kungani inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwezezimali idingeka? Lesi yisethi yezenzo ezinengqondo ezihlose ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenkampani kanye "nokuzalwa" kwayo okusha.

Ngokuya ngokuhlanganiswa kwezenzo zabanikazi benkampani kanye nabamele izinkantolo, imiphumela yezinyathelo ezithathiwe izokhomba ukuguqukela esigabeni esisha senqubo yokuqothuka.

Lezi zimo ezilandelayo ziyabonakala enqubweni yokubuyiselwa kwemali:

Isikhathi esiphezulu sesikhathi sokutholwa kwezimali esihlinzekelwe ngumthetho asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili;
Uhlelo olwakhiwe ngokukhethekile lwezezimali kufanele luqukethe ishejuli lokukhokhwa kwezicelo zezikweletu zabakweletwayo ngencazelo yesigaba nesigaba yamathuba okwanelisa izimangalo zabo;
Uhlelo lokukhokhwa kwezicelo zezikweletu kufanele luqukethe amasiginesha alabo ababambe iqhaza kukweletwayo futhi luvunyelwe yinkantolo;
Ukukhokhelwa ngokuphelele kwezimangalo ezikhona zababolekisi kufanele kuqedwe kungakapheli nenyanga ngaphambi kokuphothulwa kwenqubo yokuvuselelwa kwezezimali, futhi, kucatshangelwa izidingo zento yokuqala neyesibili eza kuqala, kungakadluli izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuphela kwayo.

Kulesi sigaba sokuqothuka, umphathi wokuqothuka ubizwa ngokuthi umphathi wezokuphatha, umthwalo wakhe wokusebenza ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokusebenza kanye nohlelo lokukhokhwa kwezikweletu.

Izici zomthetho zenqubo yokuvuselela nokuqapha emaphuzwini amaningi ziyaphindana futhi zisho lokhu:

ukwesulwa kwamacala ezinhlawulo nezinhlawulo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuselela;
ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo zemihlomulo, inzalo, amasheya kubasunguli nabatshalizimali;
ukususwa kokuboshwa kwempahla yenkampani;
ukumiswa kwenqubo ngemiyalo yokuphoqelelwa.

Ngokungeziwe kuma-analogies wokuqapha, ukulungiswa kwezimali kune inani lemikhawulo eyengeziwe lapho kwenziwa ukuthengiselana:

ngaphandle kwemvume yomphathi wezokuphatha, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukuthengiselana, ngenxa yalokho ama-akhawunti akhokhelwayo azokwenyuka ngaphezu kwe-5% yamanani wezimangalo ezinikezwe kwirejista yabakweletwayo;
akunakwenzeka ukuthola noma ukuhlukanisa impahla yenkampani, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo etholwe ngenkathi kwenziwa umkhiqizo noma imisebenzi yezomnotho yebhizinisi;
inzalo enqwabelanayo ezikweletini zemali ezihlinzekwe ngohlelo lokukhokha izikweletu lwenziwa ngezinga lokuphinda libhekane neBhange Elikhulu LaseRussia. Uma kwenzeka kukhokhelwa ngokuphelele izikweletu ekugcineni kwenqubo yokubuyiselwa kwemali, inkantolo iyaliqeda icala lokuqothuka kwebhizinisi.

Uma ngemuva kwesikhathi esabiwe isimo sezezimali senkampani singakashintshi noma sithuthuke kancane, izibopho zezikweletu azikhokhiwe, ukushintshela esigabeni esilandelayo senqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu kwenzeka - ukuphathwa kwangaphandle noma inqubo yokuqothuka (ukuthengiswa kwempahla nempahla ebonakalayo yenkampani).

Isigaba 3. Ukuphathwa kwangaphandle (njengenqubo yokuqothuka) - inqubo yokuzikhethela

Isigaba sokuphathwa kwangaphandle asiphoqelekile enkambisweni yokuqothuka futhi sivunywa ngokwamukeleka kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi elithile ezimweni zezimali zamanje.

Uma kunethuba lokubuyisa ukuxazululwa kwenhlangano, lapho-ke njengesinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva kokululama kwezezimali, kwenziwa isinqumo ngabaphathi bangaphandle. Kulesi sigaba senqubo yokuqothuka, imisebenzi yokuphatha kanye nokuphathwa okugcwele kwazo zonke izinqubo kuthathwa ngumphathi wangaphandle.

Ukwamukelwa kwamandla kwenziwa ngokudlulisa yonke imibhalo yenkampani, kanye nezimpawu nezitembu, ngemuva kwalokho umphathi wesikhashana weqa ukwenziwa kohlelo lokuvuselela inkampani.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezikhona, ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lokusebenza oluvunyiwe, umphathi wangaphandle unelungelo eligcwele lokusula izinqumo ezenziwe omunye umphathi ngecebo lokuthuthukisa lebhizinisi ngenkathi kuqothuka.

Isikhathi sokuphathwa kwangaphandle ngu 1 unyaka nethuba lokwelulwa njengoba kudingeka izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ukubuyisa ukuxazulula kwenhlangano, uhlelo lokusebenza lomphathi wangaphandle lungahlinzeka ngemibandela elandelayo:

ukuvalwa kwezikhombisi-ndlela ezingenzi nzuzo, ushintsho lomsebenzi womsebenzi;
ukubuyiselwa kokutholwayo;
ukuthengiswa okuncane kwempahla yomuntu okweletwayo;
Ukunikezwa kwelungelo lezimangalo ebhizinisini elisemthethweni;
ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu zalowo owehlise isikweletu ngumnikazi wendawo yakhe, ababambiqhaza noma umuntu wesithathu;
ukwanda kwemali eyinhloko egunyaziwe ngenxa yeminikelo evela kubahlanganyeli noma abantu besithathu;
ukukhishwa okungeziwe kwamasheya ajwayelekile aphethwe ngumboleki;
ukuqaliswa kwenhlangano yabenza iphutha;
eminye imisebenzi.

Imiphumela yalesi sigaba inokwehluka okuningi okuphawulekayo kusuka kuzinqubo zangaphambilini, ezivezwe kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

Igunya lokuphatha ibhizinisi lamukelwa ngumphathi wangaphandle, ngenkathi lonke iqembu labaphathi lisula esikhundleni sonke isikhathi senqubo yokuphatha;
Ukwethulwa kokumiswa kokukhokhwa kwezikweletu zemali.

I-inventory yokugcina nokulinganiswa kwempahla nikeza ilungelo kumphathi wangaphandle uthathe isinqumo ngokuthengiswa okuyingxenye kwempahla ekhona ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lokuphatha okuvunyelwene ngalo.

Ekupheleni kwesiteji, umphathi wangaphandle ulungisa imibiko ngomsebenzi owenziwe, bese uletha umhlangano jikelele wababolekisi.

Ukuze kubuyiswe ukuxazululwa kwezezimali kwalowo okweletayo, umhlangano uthatha isinqumo sokumisa inqubo yokuphatha yangaphandle bese uqala ukukhokha kwabakweletwayo.

Uma ukuqoqwa kwabo bonke abanesibopho sanelisekile, bese inqubo yokuqothuka iyanqanyulwa... Kwesinye isimo, okweletwayo kuthiwa ufile, bese kuqala isigaba esilandelayo senqubo - inqubo yokuqothuka.

Isigaba 4. Izinqubo zokuqothuka uma kwenzeka ukuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni

Isigaba sokuqothuka esokugcina. Ukushintshela kulesi sigaba kukhombisa ukuthi ukuqashelwa kokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu kwenkampani ebolekayo kwenzeka ezingeni lenkantolo yokulamula.

Njengomphumela wokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu okuqinisekisiwe, impahla yenkampani ingathengiswa endalini ukuze kukhokhelwe ukulahleka ababolekisi, izindleko zomthetho, isikweletu esisilele emuva emholweni wabasebenzi.

Isikhathi lapho inqubo yokuqeda ukuqhubeka iqhubeka khona Izinyanga eziyi-6, uma kunesizathu, kunganwetshwa komunye Izinsuku eziyi-180.

Imisebenzi yomthengisi:

yokusungula kanye nokuhlaziya impahla yebhizinisi;
ukuhlolwa kwempahla yenhlangano;
ukulungiswa kwemibiko ekhombisa ngokugcwele indawo yokuqothuka, isb. Impahla yomuntu owenza iphutha;
ukulandela ngomkhondo inqubekela phambili yezindali nokuthengiswa kwempahla yomuntu okweletwayo.

Imininingwane mayelana namabhizinisi aqhekekile itholakala esidlangalaleni kwirejista yobumbano yobumbano lokuqothuka kweRussia Federation.

Imininingwane ngezinhlangano ezimise imisebenzi yazo inokwethenjelwa futhi yethulwe ngokugcwele; kungenzeka ukuthi ubambe iqhaza ezindalini zokuthengisa impahla yamabhizinisi aqothukile.

Izinqubo zokuqothuka kuyisilinganiso esiyinhloko ekusebenzeni ekuvuseleleni ukuxazululwa kwezinhlangano ezehluleka ukubophezela izikweletu.

Uma zonke izigaba ezedlule zenqubo yokuqothuka zingenayo imiphumela emihle, ezinye izindlela zokubuyisa ukuxazululwa kwebhizinisi ayikho... Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuqeda imisebenzi yenhlangano bese uthengisa impahla endalini.

Izimali ezitholwe ngesikhathi sendali zisetshenziselwa ukukhokha izikweletu ababolekisi, izindleko zomthetho futhi umholo wabasebenzi.

Ukukhokhwa kwezimangalo zabanikazi bezibopho kwenziwa ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu:

izinkokhelo zamanje;
izinkokhelo ezibekwe eqhulwini - isinxephezelo ngokulimaza impilo nempilo;
ukukhokhelwa kokubekwe eqhulwini kwesibili - ukukhokhelwa kwabasebenzi nababhali bemisebenzi yengqondo;
ukukhokhelwa kokubekwe eqhulwini kwesithathu - izinkokhelo ezisele.

Ekupheleni kwendali, inani lemali etholakele lingahle lingalingani nenani lesikweletu esiphelele sebhizinisi, ngakho-ke, izibopho zesikweletu angeke ukhokhelwe ngokugcwele, okungekho kuzintshisekelo zabakweletwayo nabasebenzi abathintekile.

Kwezinye izimo, uma unikezwa leli qiniso, inkantolo yokulamula iqoka isikweletu senhloko yenhlangano ngokunikezwa inhlawulo.

Inqubo yokuqothuka iphela ngokuvalwa kwebhizinisi nokuqedwa kwemisebenzi yalo.

Isigaba 5. Isiphetho sesivumelwano sokukhokha

Enqubweni yokusungula ukuqothuka nganoma yisiphi isigaba phakathi kwabahlanganyeli kule nqubo, kungemukelwa isivumelwano sokuthula.

Noma yiliphi lamaqembu lingumqalisi wesixazululo esingenangxabano kulesi simo - okweletayo noma ababolekisi ekubunjweni okujwayelekile. Elinye iqembu nalo lingabamba iqhaza kule nqubo - inkampani noma umzimba ogunyaziwe, enikeze isiqinisekiso sokukhokhwa kwezibopho zesikweletu.

Isivumelwano sokuthula siyenzeka ngemvume ephelele yabo bonke ababambiqhaza kule nqubo.

Ngokuphothula isivumelwano sokuthula, amaqembu esivumelwaneni aqeda inqubo yokuqothuka. Isivumelwano senziwa ngokubhalwa yikhophi eqenjini ngalinye.

Izigaba ezibalulekile zenkontileka:

Imibandela yokukhokha;
Ifomu lokukhokha isikweletu;
Imibandela yesivumelwano;
Ezinye izimo.

Zonke izigaba zesivumelwano akufanele ziphikisane nomthetho wamanje.

Ungalanda isampula elingezansi kwesixhumanisi:

Isampula lesivumelwano sokukhokha uma kwenzeka ukuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni.

Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokukhokha, ababolekisi banganikezwa izintandokazi zokunciphisa inzalo futhi bandise isikhathi sokukhokha; abakweletwayo bangenza iziphakamiso ngokuvumelana okuthile.

Uma elinye lamaqembu lehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela yesivumelwano sokuthula, inqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu iyaqhubeka.

Ukucaca, sethula itafula ezigabeni zenqubo yokuqothuka:

№	Izinyathelo zenqubo	umgomo	Isikhathi (ubuningi.)
1	"Ukuqaphela"	Ukuhlaziywa nokuzimisela kwesimo sezezimali senkampani ekweletayo	Izinyanga eziyi-7 (eziyisikhombisa)
2	"Ukuphila kahle"	Ukubuyisa ukuxazululwa nokusebenza kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni	2 (two) iminyaka
3	"Ukulawula kwangaphandle"	Ukuguqulwa kwabasebenzi bezokuphatha ukuze "bavuselele" inhlangano	kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-18 (kusuka enyangeni eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha)
4	"Izinqubo zokuqothuka"	Ukuthengiswa kwempahla enebhizinisi endalini yokuqothuka	1 (one) unyaka
5	"Isivumelwano sokuhlala"	Ukuvumelana kwababolekisi nabakweletayo kokuvumelana (izivumelwano)	ngokungapheli

3. Imiphumela engaba khona yokuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni 📑

Umthetho wesifundazwe yangomhla ka-26.10.2002 No. 127-FZ imiphumela yebhizinisi elisemthethweni ngemuva kokumenyezelwa njengongenamali icatshangelwe. Imiphumela ingaba ezezimali nezomthetho.

Iyini imiphumela yokuqothuka kwenhlangano esemthethweni

Ukuqala kwemiphumela yezimali yokuqothuka kubonakala ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:

umnqamulajuqu wokukhokha izikweletu zemali ezavela ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqothuka, kanye nezinkokhelo eziphoqelekile zentela, izimali, ukukhokhelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubasebenzi bebhizinisi;
impahla yenkampani ithengiswa endalini;
zonke izinhlobo zezinhlawulo, izinhlawulo nenzalo azikhokhiswa kuzo zonke izibopho zezikweletu zalowo owenze iphutha;
imininingwane ephathelene nesimo sezimali senkampani iyeka ukuba yimfihlo noma ukuba yimfihlo yokuhweba;
imisebenzi esemthethweni yokuphathwa kwenkampani nemizimba yayo ayidingi ukwenziwa okunye maqondana nokuqedwa kwayo;
noma yiziphi izinhlobo zokuthengiselana azivunyelwe ukwenziwa egameni lenkampani - zingasebenzi;
ukuboshwa okubekwe endaweni yomuntu okweletwayo kususwe ngaphambili;
kunokuhlakazeka kwabasebenzi, ibhizinisi - ukuqothuka kuyaqedwa futhi kuyeke ngokuphelele ukusebenza.

Lapho sekuqediwe inqubo yokuqothuka nokususwa kwebhizinisi kwiRegistified State Register Yezinhlangano Ezisemthethweni, amadokhumende ahlobene nezinyathelo zenqubo yenqubo, wafaka icala wabe esedluliselwa kungobo yomlando.

Inkampani iyayeka ukuba khona futhi ndawonye nazo zonke izikweletu ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezentengiso ziyaqedwa.

Kwezinye izimo, kumabhizinisi amuncwa yizibopho ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zemalimboleko, inqubo yokuqothuka iba yindlela yokuphuma kumbuthano ononya wezinkokhelo zemali mboleko engabekezeleleki. Ukuphuma okufanayo ebhizinisini kuqediwe ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ezithathiwe ukukhulisa ukubuyiselwa kwezikweletu kwabakweletwayo.

3.1. Ama-akhawunti okumele akhokhwe

Umphumela ojwayelekile wokuqhubeka kokuqothuka ukuvalwa kwenkampani kanye nokwesulwa kwazo zonke izikweletu zayo ngaphandle kokuqoqwa kubanikazi benkampani. Ababolekisi abayitholi imali ngokulahleka.

Kubanikazi benkampani, ukuphela komsebenzi kusho ukulahleka kwesabelo enhlokodolobha egunyaziwe yenkampani. Ngisho nezinkantolo azikwazi ukuheha bona bakhokhe izikweletu.

Umqondisi jikelele, ngaphezu kokungabikho kwanoma yiziphi izindleko ezihlobene nokuqothuka, uthola zonke izinkokhelo eziyimpoqo ngenxa yabasebenzi abangaphansi komthetho wezabasebenzi: umholo, inkokhelo yokuyeka emsebenzini, isinxephezelo seholide engasetshenziswanga (ngaphandle kwezimo lapho inhloko yenkampani enesikweletu esilinganiselwe kungumsunguli wayo kuphela).

3.2. Icala lobugebengu

Ukuvalwa kwenhlangano ngokwazi ukuthi isikweletu sayo siyisikweletu kusho ukuthi kuyicasula imiphumela yomthetho yabasebenzi benkampani abaphethe ukwenza ukuthengiselana.

Imiphumela esemthethweni yomqondisi jikelele namaphini akhe iyiletha enkantolo futhi ibanikeze isibopho sokukhokha izikweletu ngokukhokhela impahla yomuntu siqu.

Ukube babekhona okungenangqondo izixazululo Abasunguli nabaphathi bebhizinisi ababambe iqhaza ebhizinisini enkingeni yezezimali futhi baqamba amanga noma benza ngamabomu, lapho-ke bangabelwa isikweletu sobugebengu ngokuqongelelwa kwezokuphatha kulungile.

Uma abezomthetho bekhomba inhloso ngamabomu yokwenza inqubo yokuqothuka ibhekiswe kubantu ababambe iqhaza kule nqubo, kungaqalwa icala lobugebengu.

Isizathu salokhu isicelo esifakwe ngomunye wabahlanganyeli:

ababolekisi abalahlekelwe kanye nokuwohloka kwesimo sezezimali ngenxa yokuqedwa kwebhizinisi labakweletayo);
umqapheli onombono ongakhethi futhi ozimele ngesimo sezinto enhlanganweni);
umphathi wangaphandle;
umphathi wezokuncintisana;
abasunguli;
amanye amaqembu anentshisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, abasebenzi benkampani abalimele).

Lapho sekutholwe isicelo ngabezomthetho izenzo zabasunguli ziyahlolwa futhi abaphathi bamabhizinisi ngezenzo zangamabomu lapho kuqalwa inqubo yokuqothuka.

Uma inqubo ye-insolvency isivele iqhubeka, khona-ke isimo senkampani sihlolwe iqiniso lokuthi sikhona yini isisombululo.

3.3. Ukuvinjelwa kwamalungelo

Ukuqothuka futhi ukuvalwa inhlangano akusho ukuthi abanikazi ngeke vula amafemu amasha futhi wenze imisebenzi yezentengiso. Bangakwazi thuthukisa amaphrojekthi amabhizinisi amasha futhi iqhaza ekwakheni izinhlangano.

Umphumela wakudala wenqubo yokuqothuka usho inkululeko eyengeziwe yokusebenza emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi.

Okuhlukile kungahle kube ngamacala lapho umphumela wenqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweledu kwaba ukuhlonzwa kwezenzo zenhloso zethimba labaphathi.

Ngabomo noma eqanjiwe ukuqothuka inhlangano esemthethweni yisizathu esibucayi sokukhawulela amalungelo abaphathi ebhizinisini eliqhubekayo. Izinqumo ezinjalo ngokungavunyelwa zenziwa yinkantolo futhi zandisa imiphumela yazo isikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni embalwa.

Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokuqothuka ingenye yezinketho zokunqoba inkinga yezezimali yenhlangano enokulahlekelwa okuncane nemiphumela kubanikazi benkampani.

Ingozi enkulu kusikweletu esisekelayo sokuqothuka kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni yisikweletu sobugebengu

4. Isikweletu esisekelayo ekuqothulweni kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni - inhloso, umqondo, izimo, njll. 📄

Inkokhelo engaphansi uhlobo lwesibopho somuntu siqu sabanikazi nabaphathi benkampani. Lolu hlobo lwesibopho lusho isiqinisekiso sokubambisana "esiphezulu" senkampani sokukhokha izikweletu kubakweletisi abanempahla yomuntu uqobo uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwe-solvency nezimpahla ezinganele amafemu ukuwakhokhela.

Isibopho esihlangene nesimbalwa sabo bonke ababolekisi ababandakanyekayo ekukhokheleni kusho ukuthi ekwenzeni izibopho engxenyeni yalo okungenani umuntu oyedwa ovela eqenjini labakweletwayo ngokuhlanganyela nabambalwa, unelungelo lokufuna ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu kwamanye amalungu aleli qembu. Le nkambiso yesikweletu esixhaswayo inikezwe esigatshaneni Izindatshana ezi-2 ezingama-325 ze-Civil Code yaseRussia.

4.1. Ubukhulu besikweletu esisekelayo

Noma iyiphi inkampani ingahlangabezana nobunzima bezezimali futhi iwele ezimweni zokungakhokhi izikweletu ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukwehla kwamandla omnotho wezwe.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokucindezela inkampani ukuthi iqothuke, kwesinye isikhathi inhlanganisela yezici ezahlukahlukene iholela kulokhu.

Izizathu eziyisisekelo zokuqothuka yilezi:

ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezindaba zenkampani;
ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa kwezintshisekelo zabasunguli nabasebenzi bokuphatha;
ukubeka phambili okungalungile kokuhlelwa kwesabelomali kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha eziseqhulwini;
ukwehluleka ngamabomu ukufeza izibopho zenkontileka kosonkontileka;
ukungasebenzi ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokukhiqiza nezezezimali zebhizinisi.

Akunandaba noma yiziphi izizathu ezibandakanya ibhizinisi ku- ukuwa kwezezimali, ukuhlala ndawonye nabakweletisi kuzofanele kwenziwe abanikazi futhi abaholi Kokubili ngokuthengisa izimpahla zebhizinisi nangokubiza impahla yomuntu siqu.

4.2. Umqondo wethemu

Incazelo yesikweletu esisekelayo isho umthwalo owengeziwe wokukhokha izibopho zesikweletu ngumuntu oyedwa onesibopho, uma umuntu wokuqala engakwazi ukukhokha.

Abantu abanjalo bahlanganisa abasunguli futhi abaholi benhlangano, okuzoba ngaphansi kwesikweletu esisekelayo sezikweletu ezikhona zebhizinisi.

4.3. Umthetho wezomthetho

Ukulawulwa kwezikweletu ezisizayo kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho wesifundazwe kusuka Okthoba 26, 2002 No. 127-FZ "Ekungakhokhi izikweletu (ukuqothuka)", ukuhlinzekela inqubo ephoqelekile yokukhokha isikweletu senhlangano. Enkambeni yokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu ekucindezelekeni kwezezimali kwefemu, izimpahla zayo zingase zinganeli ukukhokha inani eliphelele lesikweletu.

"I-Civil Code iphinde isungule umthwalo wokukhokha izikweletu ngokukhokhela abanikazi nabaqondisi benhlangano."

Izidingo zokukhokha okuphoqelekile kwizibopho zesikweletu senkampani ngokuya ngesikweletu esisekelayo emithethweni yezinkampani ezinesikweletu esilinganiselwe nezinkampani zamasheya ezihlangene ziyenziwa kabili.

4.4. Ukuqala kwesikweletu esisizayo ezinkambisweni zokuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni

Ukukhuluma ngokuvela kwesikweletu esisekelayo kufanele kwenzeke okungenakwenzeka abanikazi benkampani ukufeza izimangalo zezikweletu zabakweletwayo, khokha okuyisibopho ukukhokha intela nezimali, inkokhelo abasebenzi ngenxa yokushoda kwempahla nempahla ehlobene nayo.

Kulesi simo, isikweletu esisekelayo sibekwa kubo bonke abantu ababophezelekile, okubandakanya:

abasunguli - abanye abanikazi bebhizinisi;
iqembu labaphathi, ngenxa yezenzo kabani ibhizinisi lafika esimweni sokuqothuka;
ama-proxies aphethe amasheya enkampani;
abanye abantu abangaxhunyiwe ngokomthetho kwimisebenzi yenkampani, kepha empeleni basebenzise ukuphatha kuyo iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu;

Ukunqunywa kokubandakanyeka komuntu ekuphathweni kwefemu kunikezwe ku-Article 2 FZ yangomhla ka-26.10.2002 No. 127-FZ "On insolvency (bankruptcy)" futhi enezimpawu:

ukukhishwa kwama-oda nemiyalo yomuntu ngamunye kubasebenzi benkampani ukuze babulawe;
ukuphikelela komuntu ezenzweni nasezinqumweni ezithile, kuqondiswa igunya elingenakuphikwa nokuphikelela;
ukuhlinzeka ngomthelela wengqondo nengcindezi emakhanda enkampani lapho ithatha izinqumo ekusetshenzisweni kwecebo lenkampani lokuthuthukisa.

Ngaphansi kwethonya labantu abanethonya, empeleni abangenawo amalungelo asemthethweni okuphatha izindaba zenkampani, ukuwohloka okungalindelekile esimweni sezezimali kungenzeka, kulandelwe ukuqothuka.

Ukubeka umthwalo kulo muntu, kuyadingeka ukubhala phansi icala lakhe ngaphambi kwenkantolo.

Lolu hlobo lwezikweletu ezisizayo lubizwa ngesikweletu sesimo futhi lunezici eziningi zesici:

isikweletu esisekelayo sibekwa ngenkathi yenqubo yokuqothuka ngokubamba iqhaza kukakhomishani wokuqothuka;
ubufakazi obuyidokhumende bokuba necala kwabantu ababophezelekile ekuqedeni ibhizinisi;
ukungabi bikho kwesisekelo sezomthetho sokuqaliswa kwezicelo zokuthola usizo kumuntu owenze iphutha.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwesikweletu esixhaswayo lubizwa ngokuthi "inkontileka" futhi kusho ukwenza umthwalo kumuntu obamba iqhaza kubudlelwano besivumelwano phakathi kokwehluleka ukukhokha kanye nombolekisi.

Isibonelo sokufakwa kwesibopho esinjalo ukuqaliswa kwezidingo zesivumelwano sokuqiniseka, ngaphansi kwemibandela lapho isiqinisekiso sithatha isibopho esigcwele sokukhokhwa kwamanani kwizimalimboleko uma kwenzeka okweletayo ezenqaba ngaphansi kwesivumelwano.

“Akufanele udidanise isikweletu esixhaswayo nesikweletu esihlangene. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesikweletu esihlanganisiwe nesiningana uboniswa ekuqoqweni kwesikweletu esivela kumuntu oyedwa (ummangalelwa) ngesinqumo salowo obolekayo. Ngezikweletu ezisizayo, inani eliphelele lesikweletu lihlukaniswe phakathi kwabo bonke abantu ababophezelekile ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, okwandisa amathuba okukhokha njalo. "

Okuyinto ebalulekile kuleli cala ukuthi lapho umqinisekisi efaka isimangalo sokuqoqwa kwezikweletu, inkantolo izokwehlukanisa inani lokukhokha ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili kubudlelwano besivumelwano - isiqinisekiso futhi okweletayo... Lokhu ngumehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwesikweletu esisizayo nesikweletu esihlangene.

4.5. Izimo eziyisisekelo nabaqalisi benqubo

Ukuvulwa kwecala lokuqothuka akubandakanyi ukuvela kwesikweletu esisekelayo, njengoba abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha abakweletayo futhi ababolekisi.

Ukuze yakheke, kufanele kubhekwe imibandela eminingi:

isenzo sokwahlulela nesinqumo sokwamukela inhlangano engakhokhi njengongenamali, eqala ukusebenza kusukela esikhathini esithile;
inani eliphelele lezicelo zezikweletu zabakweletwayo kufanele linqunywe. Ibhizinisi elibhidlikile alinakuba nezikweletu kwamanye amafemu;
indawo yokuqothuka yathengiswa ngokuphelele.

Izimo ezifakwe kuhlu zivumela ukubhekelela inani eliphelele lesikweletu sabahlanganyeli nababolekisi abaningana, okunganqunywa njengomehluko phakathi Izimangalo zabakweletwayo futhi inani elivela ekuthengisweni kwempahla yalowo owenze iphutha, okuyizimali ezitholwe endaweni yokuqothuka.

Ngokwe-athikili 10 FL ngokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu isikweletu esiphethwe ingaqokwa ngokuya ngokushoda kwezimpahla zalowo owehluleka ukukhokha izikweletu kwabakweletayo.

Ukuletha abaphathi nabanikazi benkampani ehluleka ukukhokha isikweletu esingezansi kungahle kungabonwa yinkantolo njengesenzo somthetho uma kwenziwa izidingo zokunikeza isikweletu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungukuthi, kuze kube ukwakheka okuphelele kwefa lokuqothuka.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphandle kokubheka yonke impahla yomuntu okweletayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha, akunakwenzeka ukubala inani lokugcina lesikweletu kulabo abakweletwayo, okungaholela ekunikezelweni okungekho emthethweni kwesikweletu esisekelayo kubantu abanesibopho.

Ilungelo lokubeka phambili isidingo sokuqokwa kwesikweletu esisekelayo ababolekisi bokuqothuka ngaphandle kwezimo lapho sezivele zenziwe ukhomishani wokuqothuka.

Umqalisi wokufakwa kwesikweletu esisekelayo angaba ibhizinisi elibhidlikile. Zuza isenzo esinje kumuntu okweletwayo ukuguqula imigomo yokuxazululwa kokunye kwezibopho zesikweletu ngemuva kokufaka inqubo yokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu okweletwayo uma azi kahle ukuthi ukuhambisana nemigomo yokukhokha ngaphansi kwezivumelwano akunakwenzeka ngenxa yesimo esinzima sezimali senkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthola ikhono lokulawula inqubo yokuqothuka.

Ukuze uqalise ukuqothuka ngokwakho, ibhizinisi elingakhokhi linelungelo lokufaka isicelo enkantolo ezimweni ezihlinzekwa ngumthetho wesifundazwe:

uma kungenziwa ngendlela engafanele yezibopho zemali kubabolekisi;
ukungenzeki kwemisebenzi eqhubekayo yokuhweba ngenxa yokushaqwa kwempahla yenkampani yabakweletayo;
inkampani ekhokha izikweletu inazo zonke izimpawu eziyinhloko zokungakhokhi imali.

Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukuqala inqubo yokuqothuka kwalowo okweletwayo wokuqothula ukuqala inqubo.

Ngokuya ngesikweletu ongasikhokhi okweletwayo wokuqothuka unelungelo lokufaka isicelo enkantolo yokulamula.

Ukuze leso sikhalazo sibe nezizathu ezisemthethweni, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nale mibandela elandelayo:

isikweletu esiphelele sidlula i-RUB 300,000;
isikhathi sokukweleta umboleki singaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu;
inani elikweletwayo liqinisekiswa yisinqumo senkantolo.

Lapho ufaka isicelo enkantolo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlawulo, izinhlawulo futhi izinhlawulo ngeke kubalwe.

Elinye iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umbolekisi oyedwa nenani lezimangalo zesikweletu ngaphansi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 angakha isitatimende esihlanganyelwe nabanye ababolekisi, afinyelele kumkhawulo omncane wesikweletu wokuya enkantolo.

4.6. Izinhlawulo zokuletha inkampani ekuqothulweni

Umthetho wesifundazwe awunazo izinhlawulo ezinzima zokuletha ibhizinisi ku ukuqothuka kusho ngokungafani namazwe angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, abenzi bobubi abesabi umthwalo wokwehluleka ukuthatha isinyathelo enqubweni yokulahlekelwa yi-solvency nokuletha ibhizinisi enkingeni yezezimali.

Ikhodi Yombuso yeRussian Federation ihlinzeka ngesikweletu esisekelayo sabaphathi nabanikazi bebhizinisi lokukhokha izibopho zesikweletu.

Inani lesikweletu esisekelwayo linqunywa ngakunye, kucatshangelwa isimo esithile sezezimali kanye nokuba necala kwabantu emiphumeleni yemisebenzi yenhlangano.

4.7. Abenzi becala

Inkokhelo engaphansi ibekwa kubantu abanecala abaziwa yisinqumo senkantolo abasunguli, abasebenzi bezokuphatha futhi abantu besithathuukuthonya imisebenzi yenkampani.

Inkokhelo engaphansi ilawulwa yizinhlinzeko Ubuciko. Ama-401 weKhodi Yomphakathi yeRussian Federation.

Izizathu ezisemthethweni zokunikeza isikweletu sabantu abenecala yile mibandela elandelayo:

Izenzo ezingekho emthethweni maqondana nomuntu owenza imisebenzi esemthethweni ayabelwe;
Kufakazelwa icala lomuntu ekudaleni ukulahlekelwa ebhizinisini;
Ubudlelwano besizathu obuzwakalayo phakathi kwezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zomuntu kanye nokwenzeka kokulahleka ebhizinisini;
Izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zecala kumele zilungiswe ngokuphelele futhi zifakazelwe yinkantolo.

Ukwehluleka ukuthobela le mibandela efakwe kuhlu akubandakanyi amathuba okuletha abantu ababophezelekile enkingeni engaphansi.

Ukuba khona kwazo zonke lezi zimo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokubhalwe phansi ngemibhalo ebhalwe ngokufanele. Inqubo yokuhlonza ubudlelwane obuyimbangela, icala lomuntu okweletayo liyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwethembeka okuphansi nokuphikisana kwamaqiniso aveziwe, ngakho-ke ubufakazi benziwa ukuhlaziywa kwezezimali futhi Izitatimende zokubalwa kwezimali, amandla okukhokha, isifundo sokwengeza izikweletu zenkampani.

Inhloso enkulu yokuhlaziywa kolwazi kommangali ukuqinisekisa inhloso nenhloso yokuletha inkampani enkingeni. Lo msebenzi unzima futhi awukhonjiswa njalo.

Izidingo kumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze abaphathi baphendule:

Isitatimende esidwetshwe ngokufanele ngokuletha umphathi ezikweletini ezingaphansi, sichaza zonke izizathu ezibonisa ukuthi unecala lomuntu, kubhekiswa kumthetho osetshenziswayo njengamanje;
Nikeza ngemibhalo ngemininingwane ekucwaningweni kwezezimali kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi elingakhokhi;
Lungisa irejista ephelele yezimangalo zezikweletu ezethulwe ngumhlangano wababolekisi;
Nikeza ngokukhishwa ku-akhawunti yamanje ebhange ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi inkampani ekweletayo yenze ukuthengiselana kwezezimali;
Umbhalo obalulekile ohlanganiswe nesicelo yikhophi yesicelo esiya enhlokweni yebhizinisi evela kumphathi yokunikeza ukufinyelela kumadokhumenti ezimali, azosebenza njengeqiniso elinzima esinqumweni sokushushisa;
Khipha kwiRejista Yombuso Ehlanganisiwe Yezinhlangano Ezisemthethweni zebhizinisi lesikweletu.

Izizathu eziyisisekelo zokuletha isikweletu esingaphansi yilezi:

ukulahleka kwempahla kwabakweletwayo okutholwe ngenxa yokuthengiselana nebhizinisi lokweletayo;
amadokhumende okubalwa kwezimali, izitatimende zenzuzo nokulahleka, imibiko yezinkomba zezimali, okuyisibopho sokubhaliswa nokulethwa ezinhlanganweni ezigunyaziwe ngokuya ngezidingo zomthetho wamanje, ayifanele noma ayikho nhlobo;
imininingwane enganembile emibhalweni yokubala kanye nezitatimende, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwenzuzo yebhizinisi.

4.8. Abantu abanesibopho sokuqothuka

Izinhlinzeko zomthetho wesifundazwe kumbandela wokungakwazi ukukhokha imali 4 indatshana 10 kuchaziwe ukuthi abantu abalawulayo yizinkampani noma abantu ngesikhathi ezimbili Iminyaka inikeze imiyalo yokwenziwa phakathi nomsebenzi wezohwebo webhizinisi.

Bangabekwa icala njenge osizayofuthi i-solidary ngokubona kwabakweletwayo, abangafuna inkokhelo yesikweletu kumuntu oyedwa futhi ngokushesha kubo bonke abantu ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.

Uma kwenzeka kushoda izimpahla zalowo ohluleka ukukhokhela isinxephezelo esigcwele sokulahlekelwa, ukhomishani wokuqothuka angahlawuliswa noma yibaphi abantu ababhekwa njengabalawula imisebenzi yalowo owenze iphutha, kunoma yiliphi inani elihambelana nenani lesikweletu esisele.

Kulokhu, inkantolo inganikeza ukukhululeka noma ukukhululeka kwizikweletu ezingasizi zabantu abathile. Lokhu kungenxa yesilinganiso somonakalo odalekile kanye nenani lezimangalo ezibhekiswe kulowo okweletayo.

Uma umuntu olawulayo efakazela ubumsulwa bakhe ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sezezimali sebhizinisi, okwaholela ekuqothukeni, lapho-ke inkantolo inelungelo lokumkhulula kwisikweletu esingaphansi kwakhe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuphathwa kwezenzo zalowo okweletwayo kwenziwa ngamalungu ekhomishini yokuqedwa, okubandakanya:

abantu abanamandla afanele ngesisekelo segunya lommeli jikelele lokuphothula okwenziwayo egameni lebhizinisi elonakele ngokuzayo;
abantu abalawula ngokugcwele iphakethe eligcwele lamasheya, ubukhulu bawo obungama-50% + t amasheya;
abantu abanesabelo esikhulu senhlokodolobha egunyaziwe;
umqondisi.

Iqembu elishiwo ngokuhlanganyela labantu abanezikweletu ezingaphansi libizwa ngokuthi “abahlanganyeli nabakweletwayo abaningana”, lowo okweletwayo ngamunye anelungelo lokufaka isicelo sokuqoqwa kwezikweletu ngawodwana noma njengengxenye yomhlangano jikelele.

Isicelo sokululama singaqondiswa sobabili ngokwehlukana kumuntu ngamunye obophezelekile naseqenjini labo lilonke.

4.9. Ukuletha isikweletu esisekelayo

Ukuletha abantu abathonye ukuqothuka kwebhizinisi kwizikweletu ezisizayo kudinga ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi becala labo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, beka umthwalo kubo futhi uqoqe izimali zokukhokha isikweletu esivele hhayi kubonakala kungenzeka.

Ubufakazi bokuba necala kumele buqashelwe yinkantolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqokwa kwesikweletu esisekelayo akunasisekelo somthetho ngemuva kokuqedwa kwebhizinisi lesikweletu, uma inqubo yokuqothuka ingazange yenziwe ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo.

Imithethonqubo Ubuciko. Ama-419 weKhodi Yomphakathi yeRussia Federation kuhlinzekiwe ukuqedwa kwesikweletu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukuqedwa amafemu... Lo mbhalo uthi isizathu sokungeniswa kwemali ngenhlangano, okwaholela ekuthengisweni kwempahla nokuqedwa kwenhlangano, yiphutha lomuntu othile, izenzo zakhe ezingafanele zenze umphumela onjalo.

Ukuphoqa isikweletu esisekelayo, kufanele kubhalwe phansi ubudlelwano phakathi kwethonya lezenzo zomuntu othize ekuqothukeni kwenhlangano. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kube lula ukuletha ubulungiswa kunoma ngubani walabo abanecala lokuqothuka.

Ukubekwa kwesikweletu esisekelayo ngaphandle kokwehluleka kudinga ukulandela inqubo yokuqothuka. Ngaphandle kwayo, asikho isikweletu esisekelayo esingabekwa kunoma yimuphi umhlanganyeli emsebenzini wezohwebo.

Abaphathi abaphezulu nabanikazi benkampani bangakugwema ukubekwa kwesikweletu esivela ngokuqala inqubo yokuqothuka ngokwabo ngesikhathi esifanele. it okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina impahla yomuntu siquuma isimo sezezimali senkampani sesivele singalungiseki, futhi izimpahla nempahla akwanele ukuhlala nabakweletisi.

Ukwethulwa komthetho kwesikhungo sezikweletu ezingasizi ekuqothulweni kwebhizinisi kuthwala ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni kwezintshisekelo zabakweletwayo ngenqubo yokwazisa inhlangano - umuntu okweletayo okweletwayo.

Ubukhona bayo buqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomthwalo wabanikazi nabaphathi bezinhlangano ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi yezentengiselwano, futhi kwakha nenhlonipho esemthethweni ngokujwayelekile.

Ukwenza inqubo yokuqothuka inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, enezigaba eziningi edinga ulwazi olukhethekile nokuqeqeshwa. Uma kungokwezimali isikhundla senkampani sinzima, nesikhathi senkinga sesiqhubekile, khona-ke kufanele ucabange ngokuqala inqubo yokuqothuka.

Ividiyo: Ukuqothuka kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - izinqubo + ama-nuances

Kule vidiyo, ummeli ukhuluma ngezinto eziyisisekelo zenqubo yezinhlangano ezisemthethweni, ukuqedwa kwezikweletu, kanye nangama-nuances wokuqedwa kokunye.

Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle wecala lokuqothuka ngezindleko eziphansi futhi ngaphandle kwesikweletu esengeziwe, kungcono ukulungiselela le nqubo kusengaphambili, okubandakanya ochwepheshe futhi ochwepheshe ekwenzeni le nqubo.

Ithimba le-Ideas for Life likufisela impumelelo ezindabeni zakho zomthetho nezezezimali. Uma usenayo noma unemibuzo ngesihloko sokuqothuka, bese ubabuza kumazwana angezansi. Sizobonga futhi uma ulinganisela okubhaliwe futhi wabelana ngamazwana akho.