Funda ngesitshalo sendlu iStreptocarpus: amaphethini wesithwathwa nezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid ezithandwayo
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinhlobo zasendle ze-streptocarpus zatholwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-200 eyedlule (ngo-1818) futhi zaziyisitshalo esithobekile esinezimbali eziyizigaxa eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinamacembe amahlanu ayisiyingi.
Ububanzi bezimbali abudluli kumasentimitha angu-2.0-2.5. Okwamanje, ngosizo lokukhethwa, izinhlamvu ezixubene nobubanzi bezimbali ezifika ku-12-14 cm ziye zafuywa.
Umbala ovame kakhulu wezimbali ze-streptocarpus uhlala ulilac futhi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamacembe anemibala kuyo yonke imibala ye-spectrum: kusuka kumhlophe njengeqhwa kuya kokumsobo-mnyama, kusuka kupinki omhlophe kuya kobomvu ngokubomvu, kanye nokukhilimu, ulamula, umbala we-orange. Umbala wezimbali ezinhlanyelweni ezivelayo uyinhlanganisela yombala owodwa, emibili namathathu.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokukhetha
I-hybrid yokuqala yatholakala cishe eminyakeni engama-40 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-streptocarpus kwirejista yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo (ngo-1855) eGreat Britain. Ukukhethwa okuqhubekayo kwaqhubeka ngejubane elingapheli kwaze kwaba ngama-60s nama-70s ekhulu elidlule leminyaka.
Ngaleso sikhathi le mbali yafika emfashinini, okwaba yisizathu somsebenzi omkhulu wabalimi ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ezimibalabala ze-streptocarpus. E-UK efanayo, futhi ikakhulukazi e-USA, kutshalwa i-streptocarpus esikalini se-floriculture yezimboni.
Ngempela, lesi sitshalo sesithole ukuthandwa okunomusa emhlabeni! Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ziyamangaza.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1100 sezifuyiwe (izinhlobo eziyi-134 sezitholakele endalweni) kanti lokhu akuwona umkhawulo.
Sekuvele kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-terry kanye ne-semi-terry ezinombala oqoshiwe, zikathayela, ezinama-ruffles, ezithandekayo ezinamaphethini (anezikhala, imisebe) ezingxenyeni zombala kanye nombala onombala obabazekayo.
Ehlukile ngesimo nangosayizi werimu. Ama-nzalo amancane namancane amancane. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani futhi ahlukahlukene (i-variegated) zithandwa kakhulu.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokuzalisa i-streptocarpus okwamanje:
- Ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zethoni ngentamo ehlukile nomugqa.
- I-streptocarpus ehlukahlukene.
- Amacembe aqoshwe nge-Mesh.
- Khulisa ukuphindaphindwa kwembali.
- Ukwandisa ubukhulu bembali.
- Ama-nzalo amancane.
Umsebenzi ojulile wabalimi ezindaweni ezifana nalezi:
- Kulula ukunakekelwa, ukumelana nezimo ezingezinhle nokuhamba.
- Ukuhlelwa okuvundlile kwamaqabunga.
- Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwamaqabunga lubomvu, lumnyama noma luyiphethini, uhlangothi olungaphandle luyacwebezela.
- Izimbali ezinde nezindala.
- Ama-peduncles afushane anezimbali ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-streptocarpus ziyamangalisa: zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zonyaka, izihlahla ezinama-herbaceous kanye nama-semi-shrub, abahlala emahlathini aswakeme anomswakama kanye nama-savanna omile, akhula emadwaleni nasezihlahleni ...
Noma kunjalo, zonke zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
Uhlobo lweqabunga elilodwa. Ineqabunga elilodwa elikhulu ubude obungu-60-90 cm, ububanzi obungu-10-15 cm, nama-peduncles aphezulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, elilodwa noma amabili amaqabunga angeziwe athuthukile angakhula. Iqabunga elikhulu libaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesitshalo sonke. Uma sifa, isitshalo sonke sizofa futhi.
- Uhlobo lwesiqu, ngamanye amazwi, multivalent. Inesiqu esisodwa esinoboya, esigcwele amaqabunga. Kuze kufike kuma-peduncles ama-5 akhula kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga. Lolu hlobo, njengokungahlangani kwangaphambilini, lutholakala kaningi emvelweni kunasemakhaya abaqoqi bezimbali.
- Uhlobo lukaRosette. Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobo anendawo eyodwa yokukhula enkabeni yohlelo lwezimpande futhi, lapho ekhula, akha irosette, yingakho igama lohlobo lolo. Isiqu asikho.
Uhlobo lwe-rosette lwe-streptocarpus luthandwa kakhulu emaqoqweni abalimi bezimbali, njengoba luhlukaniswa nokukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwama-nzalo azinzile kanye nenani elikhulu lama-peduncle amakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Njengoba kushiwo, ukuzalaniswa kwe-streptocarp kuyanda, ikakhulukazi eMelika naseGreat Britain. Abafuyi abathathu abadume kakhulu abavela e-United States bahlanganisa:
- URalph Robinson (uchungechunge lukaBristol, olwakhiwa kusukela ngo-1982).
- UDale Marten (ogxile ochungechungeni lwamachungechunge we-Iced we-variegated original) noJ. J., ngaphansi kobuholi bukaPaul Sorano, owazuza njengefa izindlu zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye no-Saintpaulias kumkhulu wakhe ngo-1993.
- EJapane, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinhle zikaToshihiro Okuto (ezikhethwe kusukela ngo-1985) ziyathandeka.
ERussia, ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezinkulu ezikhanyayo, ezitholwe kuPeter Kleszczynski (Poland).
- I-streptocarpus ende futhi enezimbali eziningi ezivela kuPavel Yenikeev (e-Ukraine).
- Ama-nzalo kanokusho futhi angajwayelekile avela kuVyacheslav Paramonov (Russia), uDmitry Demchenko (Russia) noTatiana Valkova (Russia).
Izinhlamvu zikaPetr Kleszczynski
| Umfuyi | Okunhlobonhlobo | Imbali ububanzi, cm | Incazelo |
| UPiotr Kleszynski | UHermann | 7–7,5 | Amacembe aphezulu anombala we-lilac, ingemuva eliphansi eliphuzi neliphuzi limbozwe yizingxobo ze-burgundy eziphenduka zibe isizinda esikhulu, umngcele we-lilac. Amaphethelo aqhekekile amacembe. |
| UDraco | 7–8 | Amachashazi angaphezulu anombala ophuzi, abomvana kancane, aphansi ashiya aphuzi ngokujulile ngenetha elikhanyayo ngokukhanyayo (njengomlilo ovela emlonyeni). Unqenqema oluhlanganisiwe lwamacembe. | |
| Ipicnic | 6–7 | I-Blue mesh kuwo wonke amacembe. Ingemuva eliphezulu limhlophe, elingezansi liphuzi. Iwa ngokushesha. |
Kusuka kubafuyi baseRussia
| Umfuyi | Okunhlobonhlobo | Imbali ububanzi, cm | Incazelo |
| UVyacheslav Paramonov | Amaphethini wesithwathwa | 7–8 | Kumacembe amhlophe we-wavy, i-mesh eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imisebe emnyama onsomi entanyeni. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani, ajiyelwe i-wavy. |
| UDmitry Demchenko | I-Swan Emnyama | 8–9 | Izimbali ezinkulu ezi-wavy ezinombala onsomi omnyama, onsomi-mnyama (imisebe emhlophe ngaphakathi entanyeni). Izimbali zeVelvet. |
| UTatiana Valkova | Inyoni yeVaT | 8 | Umehluko ogqamile phakathi kokhilimu ongaphezulu okhanyayo omhlophe nophansi onemicu ecebile emnyama onsomi ephenduka ithoni enkulu. Amacembe ayindilinga anomugqa wangaphakathi. |
Kusuka kuPavel Enikeev we-shades emnene
| Umfuyi | Okunhlobonhlobo | Imbali ububanzi, cm | Incazelo |
| UPavel Enikeev | Intambo ye-Crystal | 6,5 | Imiphetho eminyene, i-super ruffle. Ngemuva okungemhlophe kwamacembe aphezulu, kunomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo, emacembeni aphansi kunesikhala esincane se-lilac-blue esingemuva eliphuzi kancane. Amaqabunga aqinile, awalengi. Isokhethi elihlanganisiwe. |
| Izintaba zaseHimalaya | 10 | Izimbali ezinkulu, zikathayela. Amacembe aphezulu angumbala we-lilac okhanyayo we-watercolor, engemuva elingezansi elimhlophe umucu okhanyayo onsomi. | |
| Impophoma | 7–8 | Izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, neziphaphathekile nge-lilac ezinama-flounces amakhulu ngaphezulu, amacembe aphansi: i-mesh ye-lilac engemuva elimhlophe. Ungawi isikhathi eside. Isitolo esicocekile. | |
| I-Avalanche | 9–10 | Izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe njengeqhwa ezinomphetho oqinile. |
Okumibalabala
| Umfuyi | Okunhlobonhlobo | Imbali ububanzi, cm | Incazelo |
| UPavel Enikeev | Amaphupho Pink | 9 | Izimbali ezibomvana ezibomvana engxenyeni engenhla ngomphetho lukathayela, emaceleni aphansi ngasemuva okubomvana, umucu obomvu. Icocekile, indawo ehlanganisiwe |
| IFIFA | 7–8 | Izimbali ezimbala obomvana obomvana obubomvu klebhu, amacembe aphansi angemuva amhlophe anezikhala ezibomvu klebhu nomngcele. Ungawi isikhathi eside. | |
| Intokazi | 8 | Izimbali ezimhloshana ezibomvana, eziphaphathekile ezibomvana engxenyeni engenhla enezikhala ezibomvu ezimnyama engxenyeni engezansi emhlophe. | |
| Inkukhu | 7,5 | Umbala omkhulu ophuzi kalamula, imiphetho iba nokugcwala kakhulu ngeminyaka. Kunemisebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entanyeni. | |
| UCaramel | 5–6 | Phezulu okupinki ngokukhanyayo, ophuzi okhanyayo, phansi nge-caramel-creamy, imisebe ensomi Amathoni we-Watercolor obuthakathaka, amacembe abolile. | |
| I-Kalahari | 7,5 | Izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu-phuzi. Ingxenye engenhla ibomvu klebhu, engezansi iphuzi ngemisebe ebomvu futhi imeski engabonakali kahle. | |
| ULena | 6,5–7,5 | Imbali ephindwe kabili enombala ogqamile ogqamile. Phezulu: i-crimson mesh engemuva elimhlophe, phansi ngokubomvu okukhanyayo. Umoya. | |
| UMargarita | 10 | Izimbali ezibomvu ezinkulu zerubhi. Umbala wewayini omkhulu. Ama-shuttlecock amakhulu. | |
| ijikijolo | 7–8 | Mhlophe ngocezwana olubomvu oluminyene, edlula eduze kwentamo ephonsini. Zibukeka njengokusikwa kwama-strawberry. Amacembe ayindilinga. | |
| Imbali Ebomvu | 5–6 | Amacembe abomvu ayindilinga, intamo emhlophe. Encane. | |
| Kata Tjuta | 10–13 | I-wavy enamandla, unqenqema lukathayela; amacembe aphezulu abomvu klebhu, lawa aphansi aphuzi anezikhala ezibomvu ezincane. Imisebe ibonakala kakhulu entanyeni. | |
| Iqembu laseHawaii | 5–6 | Imbali emhlophe emhlophe ephindwe kabili ene-ruby-cherry mesh ne-specks, i-corolla yangaphakathi. |
Izithunzi ezimnyama nezinsomi ezijulile
| Umfuyi | Okunhlobonhlobo | Imbali ububanzi, cm | Incazelo |
| UPavel Enikeev | IMozart | 10 | Ama-flounces amakhulu, phezulu kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet, ngezansi ngemuva kokhilimu ophuzi kukhona i-mesh ye-violet nomngcele we-violet. Isokhethi elikhulu. Izimbali zigcina isikhathi eside. |
| I-Whirlpool | 7,5–8 | Izimbali zinombala onsomi onsomi onqenqemeni lukathayela olunamazenga. Ucezwana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iqabunga elibanzi, elifushane eliyindilinga. | |
| I-Hypnosis | 7–8 | Ama-shuttlecock amakhulu, izindawo ezimnyama ezibomvu nezibubende ku-background emnyama-onsomi, intamo enemisebe emhlophe. | |
| URuchelier | 6–7 | Ama-corollas amnyama onsomi. intamo ilula ngeso eliphuzi, umphetho eceleni kwamaphethelo, uthonywe kakhulu. | |
| ubusuku be-polar | 12 | Izimbali zombala onsomi onsundu ojiyile. | |
| ESiberia | 10–12 | Izimbali ezinkulu ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinomphetho ogobekile, onemiphetho. | |
| Abathunjwa baseCaucasus | 8–9 | Ama-shuttlecock amakhulu. Umbala omkhulu we-lilac wamacembe aphezulu. Kwisizinda esimhlophe, ezingezansi zinomsila onsomi, entanyeni kunemisebe ephuzi nebubende. | |
| I-Swallowtail | 7 | Amacembe aphezulu aphezulu anombala onsomi, aqhathaniswa nengemuva eliphuzi eliphuzi kulawa aphansi, i-mesh ephuzi ekhanyayo. | |
| Imvula yeMeteor | 5–6 | Ama-corollas amancane, ama-wavy. Okuphezulu kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunezindawo ezinokhilimu, ngezansi kuphuzi okuluhlaza okotshani nomngcele osasibhakabhaka. |
Isithombe
Esihlokweni sethu ungabona futhi izithombe zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo, njenge:
- Imbali Ebomvu:
- Isiboshwa seCaucasus:
- URichelieu:
- I-Dimetris:
- Nabanye:
Ukunakekela
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-streptocarpus zivela emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo (ukukhanya okusakazekile, umoya oswakeme, ngesikhathi sokukhula, amanzi emvula amaningi, amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo afinyelela ku-24 ° C).
Kunezinhlobo ze-savanna ezinamaqabunga amafushane aminyene, amafushane futhi ajiyile kunamahlathi (angachayeka elangeni isikhathi esithile, amelana nesomiso, abekezelela isomiso futhi ngenkathi yokukhula, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-30 ° C).
Ukuze zonke izinhlobo zikhetha inhlabathi evulekile futhi elula (umoya, ukugcwaliswa kohlelo lwempande nge-oxygen). Futhi babekezelela ukomelela ngokweqile kwenhlabathi ne-substrate. Abathandi ilanga eliqondile (ikakhulukazi ehlobo), ababekezeleli amakhaza nezinhlaka.
Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, uhlelo lwempande luqala ukubola. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukufafaza. Gcina umswakama wasendlini phezulu ehlobo. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo: ukushisa okusesilinganisweni (kufika ku-24 ° C), umswakama womhlabathi olinganiselayo (ukuchelela izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto), umoya oswakeme oswakeme.
Ebusika, i-streptocarpus ilele ngaphandle kokukhanyisa. Isikhathi sokuphumula sithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-2 (Disemba-Februwari). Izinga lokushisa lale nkathi lehla laya ku-15-18 ° C, ukuchelela kwehliswa kube yisikhathi esi-1 ngesonto (njengoba umhlaba usoma).
Ngemuva kwalokho zivuselela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali (imvamisa kombukiso), zikhulisa amahora okukhanya kwemini ziye emahoreni ayi-14 zisebenzisa amalambu e-phyto namalambu we-fluorescent. Izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ku-24-25 ° C ngokunisela izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo wamaminerali kuyadingeka (izitshalo ziqeda inhlabathi ngokushesha), izimbali ezomisiwe namaqabunga kuyasuswa ngesikhathi. Lapho uthena amaqabunga amadala, i-streptocarpus ikhula ngokushesha futhi inikeze ama-peduncles amaningi. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuye ekwindla (kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba-Novemba).
Sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokukhula kwe-streptocarpus nokunakekela isitshalo ekhaya kule ndaba.
Ukuhlala nokuzalanisa
Ngokwemvelo, i-streptocarpus izala kabusha ngezimbewu noma ngokuhlukanisa ngamahlumela. Kumalabhorethri abalimi basebenzisa izinhlobo ezine zokuzalisa i-streptocarp:
- Imbewu.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwemifino yezinqubo.
- Izingcezu zamaqabunga emifino.
- Ukuhlanjululwa kweMicroclonal.
Kuphela nge-cross-pollination nokuthola imbewu lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola ama-nzalo nembewu entsha. Kepha ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual (vegetative) kugcina izici ze-phenotypic zezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokuzaliswa kwe-microclonal, kuzokwazi ukugcina izinhlobo ezingavamile nezisengcupheni yokushabalala, ukuthuthukisa impilo yazo.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha i-streptocarpus ngokuvutshelwa, iqabunga lisikwa ngensingo ebukhali eceleni komthambo omkhulu uwafake kumahafu amabili (indlela ye-toaster), noma ezingxenyeni ezintathu eceleni kwesiqu esine-wedges ebanzi.
Futhi ungawutshala ngokusikwa kwamaqabunga, usike ichopho lokusika ngokulandelana. Zonke izigaba zomisiwe futhi zifafazwe nge-carbon esebenzayo esebenzayo. Kutshalwe enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi ye-peat ne-perlite ngethiphu ebukhali phansi. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuvela izitshalo zendodakazi.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngamahlumela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube namaphuzu amaningi wokukhula kwamaqabunga esitshalweni somama, akha ama-rosettes amasha, iziqongo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, isigaxa sobumba sithelwa kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele, sisuswe ebhodweni bese siphulwa ngobumnene noma sinqunywe sibe yizicucu, ngasinye sazo kufanele sibe namaqabunga amaningana. Izingxenye zomisiwe futhi zifafazwe nge-carbon esebenzayo noma i-biostimulant (izimpande).
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, izitshalo ezizinzile zakha ezazo izimpande namaqabunga ayi-15 cm.
Sikhulume ngezici zokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-streptocarpus nezimo zokufakelwa kabusha lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi imbali izokhula kanjani isuka embewini, isiqeshana seqabunga nangokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Njengomthetho, i-streptocarpus yizitshalo ezingathobekile futhi ezanele. Kodwa futhi banezinkinga ezivamile - izifo nezinambuzane:
- Ukubola okumpunga ezimpandeni namaqabunga ngokunisela ngokweqile kanye nezinhlaka. IStreptocarpus yizakhamizi zenhlabathi evulekile futhi eyomile, ukuminywa kwamanzi nenhlabathi esindayo kuyabalimaza. Faka i-peat, i-perlite, i-sphagnum moss engxenyeni yenhlabathi. Phatha izingxenye zezitshalo ezigulayo ngekhambi le-copper sulfate nensipho ye-potassium.
- Ukomiswa kwamaqabunga, ama-thrips (emoyeni owomile nokushisa okuphezulu). Ukwelashwa okungu-2-3 kuyadingeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 nge-phytoverm noma i-acarin.
- Isicabucabu esibomvu. Lapha ngezisombululo ze-phytoverm noma ze-fugicide. Faka isitshalo esigulayo esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese usibopha siqine izinsuku ezingama-1-2, siphindaphinde ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa isiguli futhi welaphe izitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
- Isikhunta se-Powdery. Ikhambi elinjalo livamile: i-acarin + amanzi afudumele + i-zooshampoo yemikhaza. Kungcono ukwenza ukucubungula ngaphandle kwegumbi lokuphumula, kuvulandi, endlini yangasese enomoya omuhle (i-chemistry). Izitshalo ezithinteke kakhulu zimbozwe ifilimu ukuze zingasabalalisi izinhlamvu nge-powdery isikhutha, futhi zibhujiswe.
- Ngemuva kombukiso, kunconywa ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-fufunon emanzini afudumele, okudingeka ukuthi ucwilise ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo kusixazululo bese uvumela amaconsi angene emhlabathini.
- Nge-prophylaxis, ukwelashwa kwe-phytoverm kusetshenziswa njalo emavikini angu-4-6.
I-Streptocarpus yatholwa ekuqaleni esifundazweni saseKapa saseNingizimu Afrika futhi ithathwa njengezwe labo e-Afrika, e-Indochina naseThailand, kepha manje isatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele, ngenxa yabaqoqi bezimbali abaqoqi.
UStreptocarpus (Richelieu, Dimetris, njll.) Bayizihlobo eziseduze ze-Uzambara violet futhi bangabomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae. Kodwa banokuhluka: kusukela ku-axil yeqabunga elilodwa le-streptocarpus 6-10 peduncles likhula, i-violet inekodwa kuphela.
Lesi sitshalo sinezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa, amandla amakhulu okuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha, ukungathobeki nokuqhakaza okukhulu.