Yini ama-petunia hybrids? Incazelo nezici zabo
Ama-Petunias athathwa njengathandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, aqhakaza kakhulu futhi awathobeki.
Zingabonakala emiklamo ehlukahlukene: embhedeni wezimbali, kuvulandi, futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa umpheme wendlu.
Bayalijabulisa iso ngombukiso kanokusho wayo yonke imibala yothingo kusukela ekufudumaleni kokuqala kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini - i-petunia nzalo? Ziyini futhi yiziphi izifo ezibathintayo?
Incazelo ye-Botanical nomlando wemvelaphi
Izwe lakubo iPetunia libhekwa njengezifunda ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika naseBrazil. Yaqala ukutholwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule. Ekuqaleni, kwathiwa luhlobo lweTabakov, ngoba igama lihumusha ngokuthi "ugwayi". I-Petunia noma i-Petunia ingeyohlobo lwe-herbaceous, izitshalo ze-shrubby. Kwenzeka isikhathi eside nonyaka.
Kuze kube manje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zalesi sitshalo esihle... Emvelweni, kukhona kokubili imbali yokweluka kanye neyehlathi, iziqu zazo ezinwabuzelayo noma eziqondile. Inenani elikhulu le-ovary, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lakhe izimbali, libushelelezi noma liphindwe kabili, imvamisa nephunga lesici elingemnandi.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezici zazo
Namuhla ukuhlukaniswa kufaka inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-petunia.
Isici sesici sezinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid ngomehluko ekubunjweni kwesitshalo, ukuphakama kwaso nokubukeka kwembali uqobo, kanye nombala waso.
I-Petunia ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-multi-flowered ne-large-flowered. Uhlobo lokuqala lunezimbali ezincane zombala ogcwele, kepha olwesibili lunokwakheka okungajwayelekile, kepha izimbali ezinkulu (funda kabanzi nge-petunia enezimbali ezincane lapha). Izimbali eziningi ezinezimbali zihlwanyelwa emibhedeni yezimbali, ezindlini zokuhlala zasehlobo, futhi ezinkulu ezinezimbali zikhiqizwa ezimbizeni zezimbali nasemabhodweni, zokuhlobisa, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-petunia lusengozini enkulu ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezikhethekile. Uma lina, bacasha igumbi. Funda ngokuhlobisa amalungiselelo amahle ezimbali engadini noma egcekeni kule ndatshana.
‘Isikhathi sokuqala’
Isitshalo esingapheli, sikhula ngokulinganisela. Isetshenziswa ngabalimi bezimbali njengonyaka. Inezimbali ezikhanyayo ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kobomvu. Amacembe anemigqa emnyama. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika kumasentimitha angama-90.
'Picotee'
Blooms kusuka ehlobo kuya ekwindla. Umbala othakazelisayo onomphetho omhlophe nobomvu... Imbali uqobo lwayo imise okwefaneli. Isitshalo esingapheli, sinesimo sesihlahla esifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30, sinamaqabunga ama-oval. Ikhule njengesitshalo sonyaka.
‘Aladdin’
I-Perennial, inesimo se-bushy, eseluka. Isetshenziswe njengonyaka. Kungaba ngemibala ehlukahlukene, kusuka ku-salmon kuya kuzimbali ze-burgundy. Amaqabunga amile okweqanda.
'Mirage Velvet'
I-Curly, bushy engapheli. Ikhule njengonyaka. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala omise okweqanda. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sivela ehlobo kuya ekwindla. Umbala we-gamut ugxile kokubomvu... Imbali inesimo esimise okwefaneli nomlenze omkhulu.
‘Ukhaphethi’
Ukukhula okusheshayo okungapheli, ukuma okugoqiwe. Iphalethi lemibala lihlukahlukene.
‘Olulamileyo’
Imbali enesitho esibanzi, imibala ehlukahlukene. Amaqabunga ayisiyingi. Ezingapheli.
UTerry
Isici sesici ukuthi imbali inamacembe angaphezu kwama-5... Ziba zinhle ikakhulukazi lapho imiphetho yamacembe ithola isimo esivulekile ne-velvety. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka phakathi kokubili okusasazayo, okunjengehlathi, izinhlobo ezinamaphiko. Umbala we-terry petunia ungaba uqine, njengokungcola ngesimo semithambo nokufakwa.
Ukungahambi kahle okuphawulekayo kwale nhlanganisela ye-petunia ukungazinzi kwayo ezimweni zezulu ezimbi. Izingxube zezimbali ezilandelayo zaleli qembu zithandwa ngabalimi:
- Ubuhle bokuqala.
- I-Tart Bonanza.
- IBlue Danube.
- Sonata.
- I-Algefiillter Zwerg (i-Allgefiillter Zwerg).
- Ukubhebhana.
- U-Valentine.
- I-Double Cascade.
- I-Duo.
- I-Pirouette.
- Umculi.
- Indaba yothando.
Ungathola yonke imininingwane mayelana ne-terry petunia kanye nezici zokunakekela lobu buhle lapha.
I-Cascade
Ama-petunias adlulayo afana kakhulu neqembu le-ampel. Ziye zaqina, amahlumela aguquguqukayo. Isici esihlukile ukuthi izitshalo ezincane zinamahlumela phezulu... Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziqu zazo ziqala ukulengiswa futhi zithathe isimo se-cascade. Imbali inesimo sefeleni elikhulu. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-petunias ezihamba phambili zifaka:
- "Tornado F1".
- ILi Gioconda F1.
- "IBurgundy F1".
- "URamblin".
Sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana ne-cascade petunia lapha, nokuthi yehluka kanjani kunaleyo enhle ozofunda ngayo kuloludaba.
Okulula
Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke, elihlanganisa ama-petunias anesakhiwo esilula, esivamile se-inflorescence. Kubandakanya izitshalo ezingamahlahla, ezinde nezingakhuli kahle. Imbali inesakhiwo esidala, siqukethe amacembe ama-5, irimu ingaba ngqo noma i-wavy. Iphalethi yombala yehlukile, ingaba yi-monochromatic hhayi kuphela... Ungafunda kabanzi ngemibala yezinhlobonhlobo zama-petunias kulesi sihloko.
Okuhlukile kwe-petunia ukuthi akuyona into ehlekisayo ukuyinakekela futhi inobungani maqondana nezimbali nezitshalo eziseduze nayo. Ingatshalwa ngokuphepha emibhedeni yezimbali futhi idale ukuhlanganiswa kwezimbali nokwakhiwa kwayo. Ukutshala kungenziwa ngezithombo nembewu.
Uthanda ukukhanyisa okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kufanelekile ukucabangela indawo lapho imisebe yelanga ingena kahle khona. Uma utshale i-petunia ngendlela yezithombo, kufanele uqaphele lapho uyinisela. Ngokufanelekile, lokhu kunisela ngenkasa noma ukuchelela ngokuphelele empandeni.
Kepha qaphela, akathandi umswakama okweqile, kepha kunalokho umelana kakhulu nesomiso. Uma ukuchelela kuhlelwe ngokungajwayelekile, amaqabunga akhe aqala ukoma futhi awe, Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuchelela kusihlwa... Emini, lesi sitshalo singashiswa yilanga.
Izidingo zenhlabathi
IPetunia itshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali, emhlabathini ovulekile, ezimbizeni zezimbali, njll. Akuyona into ehlekisayo ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kepha indawo ekahle yokuba khona kwayo inhlabathi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusuka ku-humus kukhishiwe, ngoba kutholakala izifo zezifo.
Ukutshala ezitsheni zezimbali nakumabhasikidi alenga, lungiselela ukwakheka okulandelayo kwenhlabathi: hlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi evundile, i-humus, i-peat bese ufaka ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi. Uhlelo lwempande olwenziwe kahle lubekezelela ngokushesha isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuhlehla kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukukhanyisa nendawo
Indawo enhle yokuhlala i-petunias yindawo enelanga, ezolile... Uthanda ukufudumala kakhulu, uyeka ukuqhakaza nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibi. Indawo yokuba khona kwayo ingahluka kakhulu! Izakhamizi zasehlobo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile nasemibhedeni yezimbali.Kuphinde kukhule ezimbizeni zezimbali nasemabhodweni alenga. Imvamisa ungakuthola kukhula kumabhalkhoni, kulenga emgodini ovela ezingubeni zezindlu. Ungathola izinketho zokwakha ezithakazelisayo zokuhlelwa kwembali enhle lapha.
Ukunakekela
Indlela yokunakekela i-petunia ngqo kuya ngokuthi ikhula kuphi. Uma itshalwe ebhodweni, khona-ke ubukhulu bayo kufanele bunakwe, ngoba uhlelo lwamahhashi lukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kufanele futhi unake ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi uqaphele ukuze ingangenwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zefungal. Futhi-ke, imbiza yezimbali kufanele ibe nomgodi wokuhambisa amanzi - lezi yizimo eziyinhloko zobukhona obujwayelekile bembali.
Indawo kufanele ibe ohlangothini oluseningizimu, engxenyeni esenyakatho ngeke ikujabulise ngezimbali eziningi. Esimweni sezulu esibi nemvula, kungcono ukuyisusa ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Ukunakwa! Ukuze kuqhakaze izimbali eziningi, ukondla njalo kuyadingeka, ngokufanele kanye ngesonto. Lapho usumdala, i-petunia idinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Uma i-petunia ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphambi kokuyitshala, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwendlela engenhla, ngemuva kokuyinisela. It, ngokungafani naleyo ekhula ezimbizeni zezimbali, idinga ukondliwa okungavamile kakhulu, nokuqukethwe okuyisibopho kwe-potassium. Ayithandi ukhula olungumakhelwane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo
Ukubola okumpunga
Lesi sifo singabonakala ngezici zaso. Lawa amabala ansundu amboza amaqabunga. Kancane kancane ziyoma bese zimbozwa yi-fluff. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka emhlabathini lapho isikhunta singena khona.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kusuka phansi kuye phezulu, kuthinta sonke isitshalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Isici sesici ukuqhuma okumhlophe okumboza amaqabunga embali.
IBlackleg
Ukwenza mnyama nokubola kwesiqu eduze kohlelo lwempande. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, indawo ethintekile ibolile.
Ukuthelela izinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-petunia, njengezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa, zibhekwa njenge-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye ne-thrips.
I-Aphid
Isitha esivame kakhulu kuzo zonke izitshalo. Imboza kokubili imbali uqobo kanye namahlamvu ngamaconsi amazolo amnandi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kwakheka isikhunta ezindaweni ezithintekile. Izindawo ezinegciwane zisontekile zibe yishubhu.
Isicabucabu
Umhlambi wezinambuzane - izibungu zivela ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga. Zakha iwebhu enamathelayo kuso sonke isisekelo sesiqu neqabunga. Amabala amhlophe avela ngaphandle kwesitshalo. Ngokushesha amaqabunga aqala ukoma futhi awe.
Ama-Thrips
Ngokubukeka, zifana nezimbungulu ezincane ezimnyama nsundu, ezinekhala elihlangene. "Zisebenza" ngamaqembu kuphela futhi emaqabungeni kuphela. Ngemuva kokuwavakashela, amahlamvu aba nemivimbo eyomile, elula. Amahlumela nezimbali ziqala ukuwa.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqiza kabusha lobu buhle:
- imbewu;
- izithombo;
- ngokusika.
Imbewu itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle kokufafazwa ngomhlaba. Izithombo ezikulungele zangena enhlabathini. Izisiki zonyaka odlule ebezilele, ezitshalwe enhlabathini, ziyaqhakaza futhi.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Okubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme izinkinga futhi ujabulele ngokuphelele ubuhle be-petunia, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphine. Le nqubo izokusiza ukubumba isihlahla sakho ngendlela efanele futhi enhle.
Ukuncina kuyingcosana yesithombo esimaphakathi sokukhula, ukwandisa amahlumela asemaceleni.
I-Petunia ibhekwa ngokufanele ubuhle bezingadi nemibhede yezimbali. Uthola ukuthandwa ngejubane le-breakneck, futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba ukhanyisa ubuhle futhi usinika isimo esihle.