Ukuphakama kwangaphakathi kusuka ekusikeni ekhaya: utshala kanjani, ukhule futhi unakekele kanjani?
URose uyindlovukazi yezimbali. Noma yimuphi owesifazane uphupha ngesipho esinjalo, futhi ukuze andise injabulo yokusithola, abaningi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi bangatshala kanjani ama-roses.
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu futhi ezilula zokusabalalisa ikamelo lenyuka ekhaya ukusika isitshalo.
Okulandelayo, sizokutshela ukuthi ungamila kanjani isiqu kusuka embali oyithandayo bese unciphisa igumbi lasekhaya.
Kuyini ukuhlanganiswa?
Ukusika kuyingxenye ehlukanisiwe yesitshalo (iqabunga, ihlumela), futhi ukusika kungukusabalalisa kwesitshalo usebenzisa ukusika.
Ukusika kungenye yezindlela ezizithandayo zokusakazwa kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo ngabalimi abaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-rose. Ubuhle bale ndlela yokuzala yifa lazo zonke izimfanelo zesitshalo sikamama, kufaka phakathi umbala wezimbali namaqabunga.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuxhunyelelwa?
Isikhathi esihle sonyaka sokusika ama-rose intwasahlobo. Iqiniso ngukuthi entwasahlobo isitshalo singena esigabeni esisebenzayo sokukhula nokuqhakaza: amangqamuzana amasha aqala ukwakha ngamandla ngenxa yokusheshisa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka kuwo. Isisusa sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo yizimo zezulu ezinhle (ilanga eliningi, imfudumalo), ezithathe indawo yasebusika.
Ukuzala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka: ehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika
Izisiki zingenziwa ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka: isitshalo esincane singathatha izimpande, kepha ngobunzima obukhulu.
Ukuphela kwehlobo nokuqala kwekwindla kuyisikhathi esingesihle sokuxhunyelelwa, ngoba ihlumela elincane elinezimpande ngeke libe nesikhathi sokuthola amandla anele ngobusuku bangaphambi kobusika futhi lingavele life.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, isikhathi sithatha lapho i-rose ihlala khona, futhi zonke izinqubo ezitshalweni ziqhubeka kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumanisa ngezinga eliphakeme lamathuba nakho kuzokwehluleka.
Ungazama ukulungisa izimo ezinjalo ngokunikeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwesitshalo nokusika, kepha lesi sinyathelo ngeke sinikeze isiqinisekiso se-100% sempumelelo. Kulabo abafisa ukufeza ukusika ekwindla, sizilungiselele okwehlukile.
Ungayisabalalisa kanjani: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala nokukhula ekhaya
Yokusungula kanye materials
Ukuze usike i-rose rose, kufanele ulungiselele ummese noma uthene. Kudingeka zibukhali ukuze zingabi nama-barbs esiqwini njengomthombo wokutheleleka. Ngenhloso efanayo, kungakuhle ukuthi ubulale amagciwane kuyo yonke into ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa notshwala noma i-potassium permanganate.
Ukuncoma
Ukuze usike ama-cuttings, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi elula futhi enomsoco kuma-roses athengwe esitolo esikhethekile, noma ungavele uhlanganise isihlabathi ne-peat (noma isihlabathi ne-vermiculite) ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Ngenye indlela: i-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi ngokulingana kwe-2: 2: 1. Noma izingxenye ezimbili ze-turf, ingxenye eyodwa yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi.
Imbiza
Ngemuva kokuqothula emanzini, ama-cuttings atshalwa esitsheni esingu-200 ml, isitsha esinevolumu efanayo naso kufanelekile ukhula lwenkohlakalo esisikiwe emhlabathini. Ngalezi zinhloso, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitsha esibonakalayo: kuzoba lula ukubona ukukhula kwezimpande. Uma kunokusikwa okuningi, khona-ke ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele kwenziwa ngamabhokisi akhethekile noma iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezisobala.
Ngemuva kokukhula kohlelo lwempande, isithombo esisha sitshalwe kabusha embizeni ye-500 ml, bese sifakwa esitsheni esinomthamo omkhulu kakhulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sesiqukathi sanoma iyiphi ivolumu ubukhona bezimbobo ezansi ukukhipha amanzi amaningi.
Ukunakwa! Akunconyelwa ukutshala i-rose ebhodweni elikhulu ngokweqile, ngoba kunengozi yomswakama ongalingani, umswakama omile, ukuvela kwezinambuzane ezonakalisa izimpande.
Impahla ye-rooting
Izinto zokuzalanisa - ukusika kutholakala ngokusika igumbi lama rose. Kukhona umbono phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali ukuthi ihlumela elifanele ukusika kufanele libe nehlumela. Kodwa kungcono ukusika isiqu esisanda kufiphala esinempilo futhi esinamandla.
Ukusikwa okuvela engxenyeni ephakathi yegatsha, engaba ngu-12 cm ubude ngaphandle kokulimala, kufanele kube namahlumela angaphezu kwamabili lapho kuzokhula khona amahlumela. Ubukhulu obukhulu balokhu kusika kungu-2.5 - 3.5 mm. Ukusuka phansi, ukusika kunqunywa kulayini we-oblique, futhi kusuka phezulu - kulayini oqondile. Ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezinso ngezansi nangaphezulu kwezinso ebangeni elifinyelela ku-1 cm ngaphezulu.
Ukwelashwa
Amacembe akhona asezingeni elisikiwe kufanele asuswe, kanti lawo asele kufanele asikwe phakathi ukuze umswakama ungahwamuki ngokushesha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezimpande. Ngaphambi kokuba ukusika kugxilwe emhlabathini, kufanele kucwiliswe emanzini ngethiphu yayo, bese kuba kwisikhuthazi sokwakheka kwezimpande, isibonelo, i-Kornevin noma i-heteroauxin. Uma usebenzisa i- "Epin", bese wenza isisombululo kuyo ngokwemiyalo (i-100 g yomuthi nge-1 litre lamanzi), lapho izingcezu zigcinwa khona amahora ayi-8 - 12.
Ungasusa kanjani kahle?
Emanzini
Ukhula lwenkohlakalo emanzini kunconywa engilazini encane noma esitsheni sepulasitiki okungcono ingilazi emnyama noma ipulasitiki.
Izinga lamanzi (kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi abilisiwe noma ancibilikisiwe ekamelweni lokushisa) esitsheni kufanele libe njalo ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yokusika isemanzini, kanti konke okunye kungaphezu kwamanzi. Lesi simo sichazwa ukuthi i-oxygen iyadingeka ukuze kuvele izimpande. Njengomthetho, uhlelo lwempande lwakhiwa kuzisiki ezisemngceleni wamanzi nomoya esitsheni.
Okubalulekile! Izimpande azakheki esibanjweni esifakwe emanzini aluhlaza!
Abanye abalimi abakukhuthazi ukucwilisa ihlumela emanzini ukuze ichopho lalo lithinte phansi kwesitsha: lokhu kungadala ukuthi libole. Akunconywa nokuthi kushintshwe amanzi asemkhunjini, kodwa kuphela ukukhuphuka phezulu njengoba kuhwamuka. Futhi ezinye abasebenza ngezimbali bazijwayeza ukufaka amathebulethi amalahle asetshenzisiwe ketshezi ukuze abulale amagciwane, kanye nomuthi "Kornevin" uvame ukungezwa.
Isiqukathi esinesibambo sibekwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, kepha hhayi elangeni eliqondile. Ungamboza yonke into ngesikhwama sepulasitiki ukuze wakhe indawo yokushisa okushisa. Ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zivele u-0.7-1.5 cm ubude (cishe amasonto ama-3), isitshalo singatshalwa emhlabathini.
Abanye abalimi benza ngokuhlukile: isiqu sisemanzini kuze kuvele ikholi, ngemuva kwalokho itshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ngokubona kwabo, uma ulinda izimpande ngomqondo ojwayelekile, ukusika okunjalo kuzoba nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha futhi kungavele kufe.
Emhlabathini
Iroses nayo iba nezimpande emhlabathini. Ihlumela kufanele ligobeke lingene enhlabathini emanzi ngo-1 - 1.5 cm bese uthambisa inhlabathi ezungeze ukusika. Ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele kungenzeka ukuthi luphumelele uma phezulu kufakwe imbiza noma isikhwama sepulasitiki.
Ngokuvela kwezimpande zokuqala namaqabunga ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ma-5, umoya unganikezwa "kwi-greenhouse" (lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane ukuze isitshalo sijwayele umoya owomile wegumbi), bese usisusa ngokuphelele.
Izimo ezifanele zokuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela zibhekwa njengokushisa kuka + 20C - + 25C, ukuthambisa okulingene, ukukhanya kwelanga okusakazekile (ubude besikhathi sasemini okungenani amahora ayi-15), ukufafaza okujwayelekile (ukugcina umswakama ku-80% - 90%).
Uma ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele lwenziwa esitsheni esivamile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ngasikhathi sinye, zibheke ibanga eliphakathi kwazo u-5 cm.
Ukutshala nini?
Uma isiqu sigxiliwe emanzini, khona-ke imbiza enobubanzi obungu-10 - 12 cm kufanele igcwaliswe ize ifike kwesigamu nenhlabathi, futhi ngemuva kokubamba isitshalo endaweni ephakeme oyifunayo ngesandla esisodwa, engeza umhlaba ngesinye. Kamuva cindezela umhlabathi uzungeze isithombo, amanzi ngobuningi, uma kunesidingo, engeza inhlabathi eyengeziwe. Akufanele ukufaka i-greenhouse, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lokusika seluvele seluthuthukile.
Lapho unezimpande emhlabathini, lapho uhlelo lwempande luqala ukusika futhi ibhodwe liba lincane (izimpande zizobonakala emigodini ye-drainage), kufanele zitshalwe ezitsheni ezijulile (ivolumu 500 ml), ngenkathi kuvundiswa i-humus.
Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuhamba: Isiqu esinezimpande sisuswa ngokucophelela ebhodweni elidala futhi, ngaphandle kokuthuthumela ikhoma lobumba, sifakwa esitsheni esisha, okuvuleka okuholelekile lapho kumbozwe khona inhlabathi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ungqimba lwangaphansi ebhodweni kumele lube yi-drainage.
Akufanele uthinte i-rose elincane kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izimbali zingavele zivele esitshalweni, kepha akufanele uzivumele ziqhakaze ukuze isitshalo singapheli futhi sidlule ebusika ngokujwayelekile.
Isithombe
Lapha ungabona isithombe se-rose:
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
URose uyisitshalo esithanda ukukhanya, sidinga ilanga eliningi, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke amafasitela aseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ukunisela kufanele kube ngokulingene njengoba inhlabathi ebhodweni iyoma. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngenhla ngamanzi afudumele ahleliwe. Ungavumeli umswakama ume, ngoba izimpande zingabola: qiniseka ukukhipha amanzi kupallet. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, umoya ozungeze i-rose kufanele ufuthwe.
Okubalulekile! Umswakama emaqabunga e-rose ungadala izifo zefungal.
Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokutshala isithombo esincane embizeni engapheli, ungaqala ukuyondla ngamanyolo ayinkimbinkimbi 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14.
Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhula kwe-rose lingu-20C - + 22C. Uma i-thermometer ikhombisa ngenhla + 25C, khona-ke lesi sitshalo singakhipha amaqabunga namahlumela. Okusalungiswa kuyingozi esitsheni esincane, kepha umehluko omncane emazingeni okushisa ansuku zonke uzuzisa.
Izinkinga, ubunzima kanye nezixazululo
- Ukunqotshwa kwezithombo ezincane ezinezifo (isibonelo, ama-aphid noma izibungu zesicabucabu).
Isizathu salokhu kungaba inhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukutshala ukusika okuvele kunezimpande. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-substrate etholakalayo ezentengiselwano noma ukwelapha ingxube oyilungiselele wedwa ngamafungicides noma nge-thermally. Futhi, ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwegumbi rose kungaba yisizathu. Ukuvimbela into enjalo, kwanele ukunikeza zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa, okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla.
- Isiqu siyabuna emanzini.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukusika sekuphelile. Kwanele ukukhipha i-petiole emanzini bese ubuyekeza ukusika. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi ilanga eliqondile aliweli ekuphunyukeni.
- Lesi sitshalo asiqhakazi.
Uma i-rose ingakhiphi ama-buds ngesikhathi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga, ngokuxakile, isembizeni. Imbiza enkulu ngokweqile izokhuthaza isitshalo ukuthi sithuthukise uhlelo lwempande ngenkuthalo, sikhule amahlamvu, hhayi amahlumela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufakelwa imbali embizeni encane. Futhi leli qiniso kufanele linakwe lapho kukhethwa imbiza yokutshala isitshalo esincane.
I-rose yasendlini iyisitshalo esingenamandla. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuyinqubo enzima. Kepha yonke imizamo yomlimi izoklonyeliswa ngokuqhakaza okuluhlaza kwendlovukazi yezimbali ezikhulayo.
Siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo yokuthi ungayisabalalisa kanjani ikamelo lama rose usebenzisa ukusika