Ubuchwepheshe nezindlela zokutshala ujinja emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukunakekelwa kokuqala ngemuva kwenqubo

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Ngokwandayo, abalimi bafuna ukuthola isivuno esihle sejinja kuziza zabo. Kepha akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi angatshalwa kanjani kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi banemibuzo eminingi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi utshale le tuber yezimpande eRussia? Yini edingekayo kulokhu? Ungagwema kanjani amaphutha amaningi bese uthola isivuno esihle? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingezansi ku-athikili.

Ingabe lesi sinongo singatshalwa ngaphandle?

Ujinja uyisitshalo esingajwayelekile esilinywa kabanzi eNdiya naseNingizimu ye-Asia, izifunda ezinezimo ezishisayo nezishisayo. Izimo zeRussia emaphakathi noma izingxenyana zayo ezisenyakatho zikude kakhulu nalezo zesimo sezwekazi laseNdiya, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwe-ginger ngaphandle kungenzeka kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe.

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu womoya kuzovumela umlimi wensimu ukuthi avune i-ginger tuber khona kanye emibhedeni:

eCrimea;
endaweni yeKrasnodar;
eCaucasus;
eningizimu ye-Ukraine;
eMoldova.

Okubalulekile! Kungakuhle ukutshala ujinja ezimeni zezindawo ezisenyakatho noma eRussia emaphakathi ku-greenhouse noma ekhaya efasiteleni.

Isikhathi sokugibela

Isikhathi esikhulayo se-ginger siyizinyanga eziyi-8-10 (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo). Lapho utshala impande emhlabathini ovulekile, izici zezulu zesifunda kufanele zinakwe:

ngokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kungcono ukuhlela ukutshala ekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi;
uma kulindeleke ukubanda okubandayo ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, i-ginger kufanele itshalwe ngoMashi;
uma utshalwa ku-greenhouse noma efasiteleni, ukutshala kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

Ekuqaleni, impande ingatshalwa embizeni ejwayelekile yembali, futhi lapho kuqala ukufudumala (ukuqala - ukuphela kukaMeyi), kutshalwe kumhlabathi ovulekile ngokudlulisa. Ungenza okufanayo ngokuqubuka okubandayo okungazelelwe: bamba impande kanye nesigaxa sobumba bese usitshala esitsheni esinamandla, okufanele sidluliselwe egumbini elifudumele.

Ithebula le-ginger langaphandle

Igama	Incazelo	buhle	Ubuncane
O-Australia	Isetshenziswe embonini yokudla, ikakhulukazi embonini yama-confectionery	Limnandi ngokwanele ngomphunga okhanyayo kalamula	I-pulp ibonakala ngesakhiwo esinemicu
UmAfrika	Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni amakha nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela obalulekile	Ukunambitheka kubuswa ngamanothi abukhali	Inephunga elinoshukela okhuluphele ngokweqile
Indiya	Isetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasemithini	Ukunambitheka okuvumelanayo kwelamula	Isakhiwo esimnandi
IsiShayina	Inokuthungwa okuthambile, okusetshenziswa embonini yokudla nakwezokwelapha	Ukunambitheka okumnandi okubabayo	Kuqukethe i-nitrogen dioxide
IJamican	Isetshenziswa ekuphekeni njengesinongo noma isithako ezitsheni eziningi	Iphunga elibucayi nelisha	Isakhiwo esiqinile, esinemicu yomzimba

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: indlela yokutshala kahle?

Ukufakwa okudingekayo

Umsebenzi engadini kufanele ulungise ifosholo, amanzi, isihlabathi kanye nekani lokunisela ngamanzi.
Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu - isitsha esinezinhlangothi eziyi-8-10 cm, ibhodlela lesifutho, inhlabathi, amanzi, ingilazi noma ifilimu.
Ngokuhluma izimpande zezitshalo - ibhodwe elibanzi nelingajulile, ikani lokunisela, ummese, inhlabathi, i-carbon, i-drainage, isihlabathi.

Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwesitshalo esizayo ngamagciwane, wonke amathuluzi neziqukathi kufanele ziphathwe ngesiponji esifakwe otshwaleni.

Ukukhetha indawo ezweni noma esizeni

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala, kufanele kubhekwe izinto eziningana:

Kufanele ivikelwe ngangokunokwenzeka emimoyeni, kokungakapheli (eduze kodonga lwesakhiwo sepulazi noma eduze kwezihlahla).
Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kepha hhayi elangeni eliqondile (ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizodinga ukufiphazwa). Umthunzi oyingxenye uyamukeleka.
Kuhle uma umquba oluhlaza, kanye no-anyanisi nogalikhi, kwahlwanyelwa kusayithi ngaphambi kwe-ginger.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ukukhula okugcwele kanye nentuthuko, impande idinga umhlaba onomsoco, umoya kanye nomswakama: kufanele itshalwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi elungiselelwe kusuka ku-humus weqabunga, isihlabathi, i-peat, umhlaba we-sod ngesilinganiso esingu-2: 1: 1: 1, ngokulandelana. Ukufakwa komanyolo ebusika (umquba, i-humus, i-urea) kuzosiza isitshalo esizayo kuphela.

Ukulungiselela izinto zokutshala

Ngokuya ngendlela yokuzala, izinto zokutshala zingathengwa:

Umqolo - enkabeni yengadi noma esitolo esiku-inthanethi. Intengo emaphakathi yokuthengwa okunjalo izohluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-200 (eMoscow) kuye kuma-ruble angama-250 (eSt. Petersburg).
Imbewu ikhwalithi enhle kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlela ukusesha ezitolo ezikhethekile ezithengisa imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe. Ngokutshala izinto, kuzodingeka ukhokhe cishe ama-ruble ayi-150 ngembewu eyi-10 yamaMuscovites kanye nama-ruble angu-170 ngezicucu eziyi-10. Petersburgers.

Inkomba! Lapho uthenga impande ehloselwe ukutshala, udinga ukunaka ukubukeka kwayo: kufanele ibe nombala onsundu wegolide, ibe nobuso obushelelezi, obucwebezelayo nesakhiwo esinwebekayo.

Inqubo

Ungatshala kanjani ngembewu:

Cwilisa imbewu isigamu sehora kusixazululo seFitosporin, ngasikhathi sinye, faka inhlabathi kuhhavini (+ 180-200C).
Gcwalisa phansi kwesitsha esinegciwane nge-sentimitha ungqimba lwamanzi, bese umhlabathi.
Manzisa inhlabathi ngebhodlela lokufafaza.
Sabalalisa imbewu ebusweni bomhlaba, ugcine ibanga elingu-3-5 cm phakathi kwabo.
Cindezela imbewu ngenani elincane lomhlabathi noma isihlabathi (ukujiya - okungadluli ku-0.5 cm).
Mboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ucwecwe bese usibeka endaweni ekhanyayo nefudumele (+ 23-25C).

Ukutshala izimpande eziyizigaxa:

Cwilisa isigaxa sezimpande kusisombululo seFitosporin imizuzu engama-30, bese ushisa inhlabathi kuhhavini (+ 180-200C) isigamu sehora.
Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane, cwilisa impande emanzini afudumele ubusuku bonke ukuze "uvuse" izinso.
Faka impande esikhwameni sepulasitiki esicacile bese uyibeka ekukhanyeni.
Sika impande ibe izingxenye eziningana (5-8 cm), ngayinye okumele okungenani iqukathe okungenani amehlo amabili amile.
Gaya indawo yokusika ngekhabhoni ecishiwe.
Gcwalisa ibhodwe elinegciwane elingu-1/3 ngomsele futhi u-2/3 ngomhlabathi.
Ngcwaba ingxenye yesigaxa sempande enhlabathini maphakathi, ubeke amahlumela phezulu, bese usifafaza ngokuphelele ngongqimba lomhlabathi u-2-3 cm ubukhulu.
Fafaza inhlabathi ngamanzi amaningi okushisa ekamelweni.

Ukutshala impande ehlumekile:

Bamba umgodi wokutshala (cishe u-20 cm ukujula).
Gcwalisa phansi komgodi ngemisele (2 cm yamatshe noma ubumba olunwetshiwe no-2 cm wesihlabathi somfula).
Isendlalelo esilandelayo siyingxube yomhlabathi, okumele ichitheke kakhulu ngamanzi.
Susa impande ehlumekile kanye nenhlama yobumba ebhodweni bese uyibeka ngokucophelela emgodini olungiselelwe.
Gcwalisa izikhala ezisele nezinsalela zenhlabathi.
Thinta ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngezintende, lungisa isitshalo esisekelweni.

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo

Imbewu ihlumela

Imbewu ehlwanyelwe idinga umoya omncane nsuku zonke. (uphakamisa ingilazi noma ifilimu imizuzu engama-20-30) bese ufafaza ngamanzi afudumele avela ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili - 4, ingilazi evikelayo kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukumanzisa izithombo njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2.

Okubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala leqiniso, izithombo ziyacwiliswa bese zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezizodwa.

Yini okufanele uyenze lapho impande ihluma embizeni?

Njengoba isitshalo sesivele sihlume izinqubo, isitsha esinezimpande eziqhakazile sifakwa endaweni efudumele (cishe + 20-23C) nasendaweni ekhanyayo, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela njalo: ubuso bomhlabathi kufanele buhlale bunomswakama, kepha ukumiswa umswakama empandeni akufanele kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaqala izinqubo zokubola. Imvamisa, impande yasendlini iyaniselwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, uma kuhlelwe kanjalo, imbiza enesithombo kufanele ikhishwe ngezikhathi ezithile emoyeni omusha amahora ayi-1.5 - 2, ngemuva kwalokho isikhathi singakhuphuka sibe ngamahora ama-5-6 "wokuqina".

Uhlelo lokufaka umquba aluhlukile kwezinye izitshalo: ngesikhathi sokukhula kobuningi, isitshalo sidinga ukugqoka okuqukethe i-nitrogen, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokwakhiwa kwezithelo - ku-potassium ne-phosphorus.

Ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo ngaphandle?

Ukunisela masisha ngemuva kokutshala kwenziwa njalo - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, inqobo nje uma kungekho zimvula zemvelo. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo samukelwe, inani lokuchelela kufanele lehliswe (kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5). Isixazululo esikahle uhlelo lokunisela ngenkasa endaweni enejinja.

Ngokuhlelekile, inhlabathi ezungeze ihlumela kufanele ikhululwe (kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10, kepha ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 ukuchelela), futhi lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-20 cm, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe spud (kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi).

Ujinja udinga ukondliwa. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukufaka isitshalo esincane njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 nge-mullein (1:10), futhi, kusukela ngoJulayi, nge-superphosphate noma umlotha wokhuni.

Yimaphi amaphutha angaba khona?

Amahlumela awaveli isikhathi eside, azikho izimpawu zokuthuthuka... Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphansi zathengwa noma i-tuber yangcwatshwa ngokujulile ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula kabi, cishe asikhuli... Izimo lapho ihlumela litholakala khona azihlangabezani nezidingo: ukungabi khona kokukhanya, ukuba khona kohlaka.
Amaqabunga omile... Isizathu esingaba khona ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo emahlamvu amahora amaningi nsuku zonke noma ukuchelela okunganele.
Amaqabunga aphuzi... Umswakama oweqile empandeni ungadala ukubola, lapho amaqabunga esabela khona ngokushintsha umbala wawo.
Ukwehlulwa kwesithombo ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-pathogenic kanye nezifo... Isimo esifanayo singabangelwa ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhipha amagciwane kwemishini, inhlabathi kanye nesigaxa uqobo.

UGinger isitshalo esingenakuzithoba: ngokwenza isethi yezinyathelo zokunakekelwa okuncane, uzozinikeza isivuno sezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa eziwusizo ezikhuliswe endle.

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