IStephen's Cathedral Vienna: Amathuna Amathuna kanye neHabsburg Crypt

IStephen's Cathedral yindawo eyinhloko yezenkolo eVienna, osekuyisikhathi eside yaba uphawu olungenakuphikwa lwenhlokodolobha ne-Austria yonkana. Ithempeli lihlanganisa ekuhlobiseni kwalo kwangaphandle nangaphakathi ngasikhathi sinye izitayela ezimbili zokwakha - iRomanesque neGothic, okwenza kube yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu yezakhiwo zasendulo. Ngaphezu kwamafomu nokutholwa kwesakhiwo uqobo eSt.

IStephen's Cathedral e-Austria itholakala e-Old Town eStephansplatz, phakathi nendawo yezivakashi. Umbono, onqenqemayo lwawo ofinyelela kumamitha ayi-136 ukuphakama, ubonakala kahle ezindaweni eziningi ezimaphakathi nedolobha. Ngaphakathi, isivakashi ngasinye sinethuba lokungagcini nje ngokubonga ubukhazikhazi bomhlobiso, kodwa futhi nokukhuphukela phezulu emphemeni wokubuka futhi sicabange ngobuhle beVienna yakudala ngamehlo enyoni. Kepha ukuze ubone inani eligcwele lesonto lombhishobhi, ukubuka masinyane ekwakhiweni nasekuhlobisweni kwalo akwanele: kubalulekile ukubheka umlando wesakhiwo bese umaka imicimbi esemqoka.

Indaba emfushane

Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kweSt. Stephen's Cathedral eVienna emithonjeni ebhalwe phansi kubuyela emuva ku-1137: kuyo kubonakala njengesonto lamaRoma. Maphakathi nekhulu le-12, kwakukhona amasonto amane kuphela eVienna, futhi yinye kuphela kuwo elathola amakholwa. Inhlokodolobha yayidinga isibhedlela esisha ngokuphuthumayo, ngakho iziphathimandla zanquma ukwakha isonto lombhishobhi ngaphandle kwezindonga zedolobha. Ukuhlukaniselwa kwesonto kwenzeka vele ngo-1147, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi lesi sakhiwo sasingakakhiwa kabusha ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, kwaqala ukwanda okukhulu kwethempeli elikhulu: ingxenye yodonga olusentshonalanga, olwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi ngesitayela samaRoma, isekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngo-1258, kwaqubuka umlilo esontweni, okubonakala ukuthi wawungabalulekile, ngoba ngo-1263 wawusubuyiselwe futhi wangcweliswa kabusha.

Ngokusobala, ngo-1304, ngenxa yeminikelo evela kuDuke Albert II, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwengxenye esempumalanga yethempeli elikhulu. Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwe-Albert Choir eyaziwayo kwenzeka ngo-1340. Cishe ikhulu leminyaka kamuva, kwakhiwa uMbhoshongo Wethempeli EliseNingizimu, okwathi isikhathi eside wabhekwa njengophakeme kunawo wonke eYurophu. Kepha iNorth Tower, eyenzelwe ukuvumelanisa neNingizimu, yayingakaze iqedwe. Ngo-1511, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqandeka ngenxa yosongo lwase-Ottoman olwalusondela, ngenxa yalokho wonke amabutho aphonswa ekuqiniseni kwezindonga zedolobha. Ngo-1711, kwafakwa insimbi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Austria, ePummerin, eNorth Tower, enesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angama-21.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, leli sonto likwazile ukumelana ngaphandle kokuthola umonakalo omkhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweSoviet ngo-1945, abacekela phansi bashisa izitolo eziseduze nethempeli. Amalangabi adluliselwa esontweni, ngenxa yalokho uphahla lwawo lwaphela ngokuphelele, izinto eziningi eziyigugu nemisebenzi yobuciko yacekelwa phansi, kwawa insimbi evela eNorth Tower. Ngokusekelwa okusebenzayo kwezezimali kwamazwe ombuso, lesi sakhiwo savuselelwa ngeminyaka engu-7, kwathi ngo-1952 savulwa kakhulu, sabonakala ngokunqoba kwensimbi esanda kufakwa.

Ukubuyiselwa kwaleli cathedral e-Austria kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Umonakalo odaleke ethempelini ngesikhathi somlilo ungabonakala ngokusobala namuhla ezindongeni zawo zangaphandle ezishisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesakhiwo sekuqhubeka ngokuphelele: kulo nyaka isitho esilungisiwe esonakaliswe umlilo sizobuyela ethempelini elikhulu. Futhi eminyakeni ezayo, kuhlelwe ukubuyisa iNorth Tower yayo.

Izakhiwo kanye nomhlobiso wangaphakathi

UStephen's Cathedral eVienna e-Austria uhlukile ekwakhiweni kwawo, okukhombisa inhlanganisela yezitayela ehambisanayo, ebisizwa kakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka yokwakhiwa nokunwetshwa kwayo. Ithempeli, elakhiwe ngamatshe amatshe amatshe, lihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwama-4200 m². Ngaphandle, ihlotshiswe ngemibhoshongo emibili - iNingizimu (iSteffi) neNyakatho (Ukhozi). ISteffi yakhiwe ngesitayela seGothic, ukuphakama kwayo kungu-136.4 m - le yingxenye ephezulu kakhulu yesakhiwo sonke. Umoya wayo uthweswe umqhele ngendawo enokhozi olunamakhanda amabili.

Ekuqaleni, abaklami bangezikhathi zasendulo babehlela ukwakha iNorth Tower ngokufanisa neSouth Tower. Kepha ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-Ottoman, akukaze kuphothulwe. Itshe lokugcina labekwa e-Eagle Tower ngo-1511, kwathi-ke, ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokungaluqedi loludaba, lavele lathweswa umqhele. Namuhla ukuphakama kwalesi sakhiwo kungaphezudlwana kwamamitha angama-68, futhi umhlobiso waso oyinsimbi enkulu.

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu uphahla olungavamile lwethempeli, olwakhiwe nge-engela eliwumqansa (kwezinye izingxenye ithambeka lifinyelela kuma-80 °). Uphahla lunwebeka ngamamitha ayi-111, ukuphakama kwalo kungamamitha angama-38. Ukwehluka kophahla kulele emaphethini alo wejometri akhanyayo, ekwakhiweni kwalapho abakhi bezakhiwo basebenzise amathayili woqweqwe lwawo woqweqwe olungaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-230. Ehlangothini oluseningizimu lwophahla, kukhona isibalo esinezicucu zokhozi olunamakhanda amabili - uphawu loMbuso waseHabsburg.

Umnyango omkhulu weSonto iSt.Stephen eVienna, obizwa ngePortal of the Giants, uhlotshiswe ngamabhasi osanta, ama-geometric reliefs kanye nezibalo zezilwane. Igama layo lihlotshaniswa nethambo elikhulu elatholwa ngesikhathi kubekwa izisekelo zeNorth Tower nokusolakala ukuthi ngelikaDrako. Eqinisweni, kwakuyithambo elikhulu, okwathi, ngasendleleni, alivimbanga ukuthi lilenge phezu kweminyango emikhulu yesigodlo iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezulu komnyango kunemibhoshongo emibili yamaRomaesque engama-65 m ukuphakama, okuthi, kanye nePortal of the Giants, kubhekwe njengezindawo ezindala kakhulu zesonto lombhishobhi.

Ngaphakathi, iSonto iSt.Stephen alihlonipheki njengangaphandle. Imengamo ekhuphukayo ihlukanisa isakhiwo sibe izingxenye ezintathu, lapho kufakwa khona ama-altare (angu-18 esewonke) namabhentshi amakholwa. I-altare elikhulu ekhwayeni lenziwe ngemabula emnyama futhi lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yeBhayibheli. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesonto lombhishobhi ubuningi bezithombe ezibaziweyo nemidwebo ngaphakathi. Itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyigugu kakhulu lesitayela seGothic esesidlulile kwakuyipulpiti evulekile, eyakhiwa ngo-1515 futhi eveza ubuso babafundisi besonto abadumile.

Futhi, iCathhedral yaseSt.Stephen e-Austria idume ngamawindi ayo anengilazi anobuciko, acwebezelayo ngokudlala emisebeni yelanga. Iningi lamapaneli engilazi akhonjisiwe ayikhophi kuphela, futhi imikhiqizo yangempela igcinwa emnyuziyamu wedolobha. Yize kunjalo, amafasitela ayisihlanu engilazi anemibala avela ngekhulu le-15, abonisa izigcawu eziseBhayibhelini, asala ethempelini elikhulu. Ekhuluma ngomhlobiso wethempeli, umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukusho izitho ezintathu ezavela esontweni ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Elikhulu kunawo wonke linamapayipi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi futhi liyisitho esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Austria.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Amathuna amathuna

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-18, iStephen's Cathedral e-Austria yayizungezwe amathuna amaningi, adluliselwa kuma-Austrian avela kumaRoma. Kwakuhlale kuthathwa njengelungelo elikhulu ukungcwatshwa eduze kwethempeli, kepha-ke, hhayi kuphela izikhulu, kepha nabantu basemadolobheni abavamile bangcwatshwa emathuneni endawo. Ngo-1735, kwaqubuka isifo se-bubonic eVienna, ngenxa yalokho amathuna aseduze kwethempeli elikhulu avalwa, futhi izinsalela ezivela emangcwabeni zayiswa emangcwabeni ayengaphansi kwethempeli. Kuze kukhishwe umthetho eVienna (1783) ovimbela ukungcwatshwa kwabantu kuleli dolobha, yonke imingcwabo yayihlelwa emgodini wesonto elikhulu. Namuhla, kunezinsalela ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-11 ezigcinwe kuzo.

Ithempeli elikhulu lase-Austria futhi liyindawo yokugcina yokuphumula yababhishobhi abaningi, izinduna kanye namakhosi. Kulapha lapho i-Habsburg crypt ikhona khona, lapho kugcinwa khona izinsalela zamalungu obukhosi angama-72 emathuneni aqoshiwe. Futhi esontweni kukhona ithuna likaFrederick III, okwathatha cishe iminyaka engama-45 ukwakhiwa: ibhokisi lomngcwabo lenziwe ngemabula ebomvu, okubhalwe kulo izinombolo ezingama-240. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ethuneni likaStephen's kufakwe ithuna lika-Eugene waseSavoy, umholi wezempi omkhulu waseYurophu owasindisa abakwaHabsburgs kubanqobi baseFrance naseMbusweni wase-Ottoman. Njengamanje, noma ngubani angavakashela ama-catacombs njengengxenye yohambo lokuthola imali eyengeziwe.

• Amahora okusebenza: Mon. - Sat. - kusuka ku-10: 00 kuye ku-11: 30 naku-13: 30 kuye ku-16: 30. Ilanga. - kusuka ku-13: 30 kuya ku-16: 30.
• Izindleko zokuvakasha: 6 €, ithikithi lezingane - 2.5 €.
• Isikhathi Esithathwayo: imizuzu engama-30

Ama-Decks Wokubheka

Namuhla, sonke isivakashi e-Austria sinethuba lokujabulela ukubukwa okumangalisayo kweVienna kusuka eNyakatho noma eSouth Tower yaseSt. Stephen's Cathedral. Womabili la mapulatifomu ahlinzeka ngama-panorama ahlukile wezindawo ezithile zedolobha. Udinga ukukhuphukela emphemeni wokubuka engxenyeni eseningizimu ngezinyawo, unqobe izinyathelo ezingama-343.

• Amahora wokuvula: nsuku zonke kusuka ku-09: 00 kuya ku-17: 30
• Izindleko zokuvakasha: ithikithi labantu abadala - 5 €, ingane - 2 €.

Kulabo abesaba ukuphakama, iNorth Tower, lapho insimbi edumile ikhona khona, ingenza njengenye indlela yokubuka. Ungafika kuyo ngekheshi, okuzokuthatha ngamamitha angama-50 ukuya phezulu.

• Amahora wokuvula: nsuku zonke kusuka ku-09: 00 kuya ku-17: 30
• Izindleko zokuvakasha: abadala - 6 €, izingane - 2.5 €.

Imininingwane ewusizo

• Ikheli nokuthi ungafika kanjani lapho: IStephansplatz 3, 1010 iVienna, e-Austria. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokufika ethempelini elikhulu kungumgwaqo omkhulu. Isiteshi saseStephansplatz yizinyathelo ezimbalwa nje ezisuka eSt. Stephen's Church futhi singafinyelelwa ngemigqa ye-U1 ne-U3.
• Amahora okusebenza: Mon. - kusuka ngo-09: 00 kuye ku-11: 30 nango-13: 00 kuye ku-16: 30. - kusuka ku-13: 30 kuya ku-16: 30.
• Izindleko zokuvakasha: mahhala. Uhambo oluqondiswayo olunesiqondisi somsindo noma umhlahlandlela ukhokhelwa ngokuthanda. Intengo - 6 €, yezingane - 2.5 €. Umhlahlandlela womsindo unikezwa ngezilimi ezingama-23, kufaka phakathi isiRashiya.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthenga ithikithi le-All Inclusive, okubandakanya ukuvakashelwa okuqondiswayo kuzindawo zombili zokubuka, ama-catacombs kanye ne-cathedral uqobo. Intengo yokudlula okunjalo kwabantu abadala ingu-14.90 €, yezingane - 3.90 €. NgeVienna Pass, izindleko ziyi- € 9.90.

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

1. Umqambi omkhulu wase-Austria, uWolfgang Mozart, wayeshade eSt Stephen's Cathedral eVienna ngo-1782, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-9 umngcwabo wakhe wenziwa lapha.

2. Njengoba iSonto likaSt.Stephen liwuphawu lweVienna ne-Austria, isithombe salo sakhethelwa izinhlamvu zemali zase-Austrian ngenhlangano yamasenti ayi-10.
3. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izidumbu zamalungu obukhosi azigcinwa ku-crypt yaseHabsburgs esontweni laseSt. Indlela yokungcwatshwa komndeni wasebukhosini yayimangalisa kakhulu: phela bazingcwaba ngokwabo izingxenye ezithile. Izitho zangaphakathi zazikhishwa emzimbeni wezidumbu, zafakwa emigodini ekhethekile, eyabe isithunyelwa ku-crypt yaseSt. Stephen's Cathedral. Izinhliziyo zabakwaHabsburgs (ama-urns angama-54) zihlala eSontweni lika-Augustine ku- "Crypt of Hearts". Izidumbu ngokwazo ngaphandle kwezitho zazingcwatshwa endaweni yaseKapuzinerkirche.
4. Sekukonke, kunezinsimbi ezingama-23 eSt. Stephen's Cathedral eVienna e-Austria. Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi wawo. IPummerin entsha, eyadlalwa esikhathini sangemva kwempi, ingeyesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu, ingeyesibili ngemva kwensimbi yeCologne Cathedral.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amathiphu awusizo

1. Ukuze uthole okuhle emkhathini weVienna's Gothic Cathedral e-Austria, sincoma ukuvakashela ikhonsathi yomculo we-organ.
2. Ukuthatha izithombe eSt. Stephen's Cathedral eVienna akuvunyelwe, noma kunjalo, imigede yokungcwaba ayifani, lapho ukuthwebula izithombe kungavunyelwe khona.
3. Yize iqiniso lokuthi iSouth Tower iphakeme, izivakashi eziningi zithi ukubukwa okuhle kakhulu kuvela endaweni yesikhulumi esenyakatho. Ukukhuphukela endaweni yesikhulumi eseningizimu kwenziwa ngezitebhisi ezincane zokuvunguza, lapho kufanele udlule ezinyathelweni ezingaphezu kwezingu-300, okungaba yinselelo yangempela kwabaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuka okuvela kwipulatifomu eseningizimu kungenzeka kuphela kusuka kumawindi, lapho kugcwala khona ulayini wonke. Isiza esisenyakatho sisethwe endaweni evulekile futhi ukubukwa okuvela kuso kubonakala kangcono kakhulu.
4. Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke isonto hhayi kuphela emini, kepha futhi nakusihlwa, lapho izibani ezikhanyayo zikhanya.
5. IStephen's Cathedral ingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko eVienna, ngakho-ke kuhlale kunezivakashi eziningi kuyo. Uma ungathanda ukugwema ulayini nezixuku, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuza ethempelini ukuze kuvulwe.

Bukela ividiyo: The St. Stephens Cathedral in Vienna-HD 1280x720 (May 2024).