IHofburg, eVienna: amathiphu aphezulu ayi-4 wokuvakashela isigodlo esidumile
IHofburg (iVienna) - indawo yokuhlala yasebusika yangaphambilini yobukhosi baseHabsburg, obhekwa njenganamuhla njengesigodlo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokhu kukhanga kusabalele okungenani endaweni engamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-240 futhi kubandakanya izindlu zangaphandle eziyi-18, amagceke ayi-19 nezindawo zokuhlala ezingama-2,600, ezihlanganisa yonke indawo enkabeni yeVienna. Bangaphezu kuka-5 000 abantu abaqhubeka nokusebenza behlala esakhiweni sesigodlo.
Ensimini yeHofburg eVienna, kunezivakashi ezingafika ku-30, phakathi kwazo ongabona izikwele nezikhumbuzo, izinqaba namafulethi, iminyuziyamu yomlando namaqoqo ayigugu. Isakhiwo sesigodlo sikhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwazi ukutadisha zonke izinto zaso zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ngokuvakasha okukodwa. Namuhla, enqabeni, zonke izivakashi zinethuba lokuthenga uhambo lapho kuzokwethulwa khona i-Imperial Apartments, i-Sisi Museum kanye ne-Imperial Silver Collection. Sizokutshela kabanzi ngokuhamba ngesigodlo esingezansi, futhi ukuze uthole umbono wokuheha, ake singene kafushane emlandweni waso.
Inkomba yomlando
Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha, isigodlo saseHofburg eVienna sasebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yasebusika yababusi base-Austrian futhi sasiyisikhungo lapho umlando we-Austria hhayi kuphela, kepha neYurophu yonke yenziwa khona. Kuze kube yikhulu le-13, kwakukhona inqaba yangenkathi ephakathi, eyanwetshwa kamuva ngababusi ababusayo. Igalelo elikhulu kakhulu ekuchumeni kwesigodlo lenziwa ubukhosi baseHabsburg, obabusa izwe lase-Austrian kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 kuya ku-1918, lapho umbuso wobukhosi uwa.
Isakhiwo esidala kunazo zonke eHofburg kwakuyi-Alte Burg - inqaba yamakhulu eminyaka, eyathola igama elisha kamuva - iSwitzerland Wing (Schweizer). Maphakathi nekhulu le-16, kwakhiwa iSango laseSwitzerland elidumile kule ndawo yokuhlala: ingcebo kusukela ezikhathini zoMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma igcinwa kuleli phiko kuze kube namuhla.
Ngekhulu le-16, esinye isakhiwo esihlukile sasifakwe esigodlweni - iphiko lika-Amalia, elathola leli gama ngenxa kaWilhelmina Amalia, owayehlala lapha ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uMbusi uJoseph I. Umuntu wokugcina wasebukhosini owayehlala kulawa makamelo kwakungu-Empress Elizabeth: namuhla lezi zakhiwo zitholakala ukufinyelela okuvulekile kwazo zonke izivakashi zaseVienna. Ngekhulu le-17, u-Emperor Leopold I wanquma ukuxhumanisa indawo yokuhlala kaSchweizer no-Amalia nesakhiwo esisha (uphiko lukaLeopoldin). Namuhla lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziswa njengehhovisi likamongameli wase-Austrian, futhi izivakashi azikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi.
Ngokuvamile, okweminyaka eyi-18-19. eHofburg eVienna, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi eziphawuleka, njengeLabhulali Kazwelonke Yase-Austrian, i-Imperial Chancellery kanye nePhiko likaSt. Michael. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwavela iHholo Lomkhosi eliwubukhazikhazi, elisasebenza njengendawo yamabhola eHofburg kuze kube namuhla. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngaphambi nje kokuwa kobukhosi, iNew Hofburg yakhiwa kabusha nge-façade enkulu kanye nejika eliyingqayizivele lezakhiwo, manje eligcina ingxenye yeNational Library, kanye namaqoqo amaningi neminyuziyamu.
Yini ongayibona ngaphakathi esigodlweni
Namuhla abahambi banethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuphindela emuva ezikhathini zeHabsburgs futhi bazi impilo yamalungu omndeni avelele. Ngaphakathi eHofburg, izivakashi ziyamenywa ukuthi zihlole izinto ezintathu eziphawuleka ngasikhathi sinye. Zonke zitholakala ophikweni lwe-Imperial Chancellery futhi zilandelana kalula. Yini oyibonayo ngaphakathi kwezindonga zale ngxenye yeHofburg eVienna?
Sisi Museum
ISisi Museum inikezelwe empilweni nasemsebenzini ka-Empress Elisabeth waseBavaria, unkosikazi ka-Emperor Franz Joseph I. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, ethathwa njengendlovukazi ebukekayo futhi ekhangayo kunazo zonke eYurophu. Impilo kaSisi (yile ndlela uKumkanikazi ayebizwa ngayo embuthanweni womndeni) yayigcwele izehlakalo ezibuhlungu: umamezala ononya, esaba ukulahlekelwa amandla phezu kwendodana yakhe, wayelawula zonke izinyathelo zomalokazana omncane futhi wakhawulela ukuxhumana kwakhe nezingane. U-Elizabeth wayehlala ewela ekucindezelekeni futhi azikhathaze, kepha isiphetho samshaya kakhulu lapho indodana yakhe, uCrown Prince Rudolph, ezibulala. U-Empress ushone eneminyaka engama-60, kanti nokufa kwakhe bekungamangalisi kangako: ngenkathi ehamba eGeneva, i-anarchist yahlasela i-Empress futhi yafaka into yokulola enhliziyweni yayo.
Namuhla, isigodlo saseHofburg eVienna simema wonke umuntu ukuthi avakashele eSisi Museum, lapho kuqoqwa khona izinto ezingaphezu kuka-300 ze-Empress. Phakathi kwazo uzothola izesekeli ezahlukahlukene (izambulela, amagilavu, njll.), Izimonyo, ikhithi yosizo lokuqala, kanye nesitifiketi sokufa sangempela. Iqoqo libuye lifake nezingubo zika-Elizabeth: okuthakazelisa kakhulu ingubo eyenziwe ikakhulukazi yokugcotshwa eHungary. Lapha ungabona kokubili ikapa elimnyama elimboze uKumkanikazi ngemuva kokubulawa, kanye nemihlobiso yakhe yomngcwabo. Ngokuvamile, imibukiso ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuguqulwa kwendlovukazi kusuka entombazaneni ejabule futhi ethokozile ibe ngowesifazane ocindezelekile nongahlobene.
Amafulethi asebukhosini
Njengoba iHofburg e-Austria eVienna kwakuyisigodlo esikhulu sasebusika sabakwaHabsburgs, ilungu ngalinye lomndeni kanye ne-retinue yabo banikezwa amafulethi abo. Namuhla, amanye ala magumbi aguqulwe aba iminyuziyamu, kepha iningi lamagceke lisetshenziswa njengamahhovisi ezikhulu zombuso. Ukufinyelela kwabavakashi kulezi zingxenye zesigodlo kuvaliwe. Kodwa iphiko le-Imperial Chancellery, lapho kwakukhona amafulethi ombusi wokugcina nomndeni wakhe, livulekile emphakathini.
Iningi lefenisha ekhonjisiwe emagcekeni isukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Kepha izikhuni ze-ceramic, ezingabonakala emakamelweni amaningi esigodlo, zafakwa emuva ngekhulu le-18. Kuze kube yikhulu lama-20, ukukhanyisa ezindlini zombuso kwahlinzekwa yizinkulungwane zamakhandlela abekwa kumakheli e-crystal Czech (ngemuva kwalokho ahlinzekwa ngogesi).
Leli fulethi litholakala ngezitebhisi zikamabula zikanokusho, ezihlotshiswe ngezitimela eziqoshiwe nezimbiza zegolide. Okulandelayo, uzobingelelwa yigumbi lokulinda lababukeli, elingaphakathi lalo lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo ngumculi uJohann Kraft. Yebo-ke uzithola usewodini yokwamukela abantu.
Ihholo lezithameli
Kulapha lapho uMbusi uFranz Joseph athola khona izivakashi ezaziza kumbusi, ezinye zizoxolelwa, ezinye zibonga. Njengomthetho, izethameli zithathe imizuzu embalwa kuphela, okwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukukhuluma nenombolo enkulu kakhulu yezikhalazo, ezazingabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, uFranz Joseph wathola okungenani izivakashi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-260.
Umhlobiso wegumbi uvezwa ikakhulukazi ngemibala ebomvu enezimpawu ezihlanganisiwe. Igumbi lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo eminingi eveza bobabili uFranz Joseph uqobo kanye nabandulelayo. Uphahla lwangaphakathi nezindonga kuhlotshiswe ngamaphethini egolide e-stucco.
Ihholo lenkomfa
Elinye igumbi eliphawulekayo lapho imihlangano yayiqhutshelwa khona liholwa ngumbusi. Ingaphakathi layo liphethwe yimibala emhlophe noluhlaza okotshani, kanye nokwakha. Kunemidwebo eminingana ezindongeni, phakathi kwayo okufanelwe ukunakwa isithombe sikaFranz Joseph eneminyaka engamashumi amabili. Futhi ngezansi kwesigqoko sikanina, u-Archduchess Sophia.
Ukufunda kwe-Emperor kanye negumbi lokulala
Ihhovisi lisebenzela uFranz Joseph bobabili njengendawo yokusebenza negumbi lokuphumula, ngakho-ke lapha ungabona izithombe eziningi zomndeni. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yomlilo kunesithombe sika-Alexander II, umbusi waseRussia, owayengumngane uqobo nombusi wase-Austrian futhi emeseka ekulweni nokuvukelwa kwabantu baseHungary. Igumbi lokulala lombusi lihlukaniswa ngesakhiwo esinesizotha kakhulu: umbhede omncane, isihlalo somkhuleko, isifuba samadilowa netafula lasebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungabona izithombe eziningana nemidwebo yobuciko yomkakhe u-Elizabeth nonina uSofia.
Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu
I-salon enkulu
Igumbi elibanzi, elalicwiliswe emgqonyeni wezigqoko nasekuhlobiseni, lalisebenza njengendawo yokuhlangana yamalungu omndeni. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu lapha ngendwangu eveza uFranz Joseph, opendwe ngokuhlonipha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-50. Igumbi libuye lihlotshiswe ngomfanekiso weCrown Prince Rudolph, owenziwe ngaphambi nje kokuzibulala kwakhe.
Amakamelo ka-Elizabeth
Esithombeni seHofburg eVienna, ungabona amakamelo amaningi ahlobene nemisebenzi yenkosi yase-Austrian. Kepha lapho uvakashela i-Imperial Apartments, kufanele futhi unake nendawo u-Elizabeth ahlala kuyo. Okokuqala, lena iSalon enkulu yeNdlovukazi, lapho uSisi anikeze khona izethameli. Igumbi lakhe lokugqoka, elihlotshiswe ngephepha lodonga elinamathafa asezindaweni ezishisayo, nalo liyathandeka. Indlu yokuphumula yasebukhosini, nempahla yayo yasekuqaleni, izokukhombisa ukuthi abasebukhosini bageza kanjani.
Amakamelo ka-Alexander I
E-Hofburg, ungabona amafulethi oMbusi waseRussia u-Alexander I, owayehlala esigodlweni ngo-1815, ngenkathi kubanjelwa i-Vienna Congress lapha. Ikakhulukazi ngokunethezeka yiRed Salon, ehlotshiswe ngemicu ecwebezelayo yaseFrance.
Ukuqoqwa Kwe-Imperial Silver
Yize ngemuva kokuwa kobukhosi, iningi lomcebo wasesigodlweni eVienna lathengiswa yiziphathimandla ezintsha, zisakwazi ukugcina izinto eziningi eziyigugu zomndeni wasebukhosini, manje eseziguqulwe zaba yimibukiso yomnyuziyamu. Iqoqo lifaka izitsha zobumba, izingilazi nezesiliva ezake zasetshenziselwa ukubeka itafula lamakhosi ase-Austrian.
Iqoqo elinekhono kakhulu eqoqweni lingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi itafula laseCentral Milanese - ubuciko obubuciko begolide obunezibalo ezingokomfanekiso ezinikezelwe e-Italy. Insizakalo kaMinton dessert, enezingxenye eziyi-116, iyamangalisa: akuyona nje into esekhishini, kodwa ingumsebenzi wobuciko wangempela. Iqoqo lifaka amapuleti amaningi anezimbali, izitsha zobumba ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu, nezitsha ezinhle zesiliva. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke lezi zidlo zathengwa ngabantu benkosi uqobo noma zeza kubo njengesipho.
Ufika kanjani lapho
Uma ungazi ukuthi ungafika kanjani eHofburg, khona-ke siyakwazisa ukuthi kulula ukukwenza usebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi. Kukhona izitobhi zamabhasi nezitimela eduze kwesigodlo, futhi kuneziteshi zikamasipala omkhulu.
Ukufinyelela kusayithi ngemetro, thatha ulayini u3 bese wehla esiteshini saseHerrengasse. Ngenye indlela, ungathatha isitimela se-U1 bese wehla esitobhini saseStephansplatz.
AmaTrams 1, 2 no-D bayama esiteshini saseBurgring endaweni eseduze naseHofburg. Amabhasi angama-57A nawo ayama lapha. Isigodlo singafinyelelwa futhi ngamabhasi u-2 A no-3 A, behla esitobhini saseHofburg.
Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu
Imininingwane ewusizo
- Ikheli: IMichaelerkuppel, 1010 iVienna, e-Austria.
- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.hofburg-wien.at
- Amahora wokuvula: kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba kusuka ku-09: 00 kuya ku-18: 00, kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi kusuka ngo-09: 00 kuya ku-17: 30.
Izindleko zokuvakasha
| Isigaba sezivakashi | Uhambo oluqondiswayo olunesiqondisi somsindo | Uhambo oluqondiswayo | Ithikithi likasisi * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abantu abadala | 13,90 € | 16,90 € | 29,90 € |
| Izingane (iminyaka engu-6-18 ubudala) | 8,20 € | 9,70 € | 18 € |
* Ithikithi likaSisi lisebenza unyaka wonke futhi linikeza ithuba lokuvakashela hhayi lezi zinto esesikhulume ngazo kuphela, kodwa futhi neSigodlo saseSchönbrunn, kanye neFurniture Museum eseVienna.
Amanani entengo kaJanuwari 2019.
Amathiphu awusizo
- IHofburg eseVienna inkulu impela, ngakho-ke zama ukubeka eceleni okungenani amahora ama-3 ukuvakashela isakhiwo sasesigodlweni.
- Uma uhlela ukuhlola okuhehayo okuningana eVienna (by the way, sincoma ukuthi ubheke eHofburg Library), lapho ukudlula kweVienna kuzokusiza ukuthi wonge imali. Okokuqala, ivula ukungena ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwezingu-60, futhi okwesibili, ngayo ungasebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi eVienna mahhala. Izindleko zokudlula kosuku olungu-1 zingu-59 €, ezimbili - 89 €, ezintathu - 119 €, eziyisithupha - 154 €.
- Uma ufuna ukuhamba kwakho esigodlweni kufundise ngangokunokwenzeka, unganyakazi futhi uthenge ukuvakasha okuqondiswayo.
Lapho uvakashele isigodlo saseHofburg (eVienna), khumbula ukuthi ungathatha izithombe kuphela emahholo e-Imperial Silver Collection. Lokhu akuvunyelwe nakancane eSisi Apartments naseMnyuziyamu.