Izici zamashalofu wefenisha, ukubuka konke ongakhetha kukho

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Ukuzola efulethini ubuciko obudinga ukunakwa emininingwaneni eminingi: ukulungiswa okuhle kakhulu, ukukhanya okuhle, ingaphakathi elicabangelayo. Kuzo zonke izindlu, amashalofu efenisha anethezekile, avulekile ahlobisa ikhaya asetshenziselwa izesekeli, izitsha, imifanekiso, amaqoqo, izincwadi. Azinakubuyiselwa endaweni: zigcina izinto ezincane ezinhle, okunzima ukuzenza ngaphandle kwazo. Zihlukile ngesimo, ukusebenza, ukwakheka, inhloso, kepha ngayinye ifeza umsebenzi wayo eyabelwe. Bathola ukubaluleka okukhulu emafulethini amancane.

Izinhlobonhlobo

Ishalofu lefenisha libhekwa njengefenisha yakudala. Kepha ungayibhali. Kunezigaba zale fenisha esebenzayo, ekhombisa ukuqondiswa kokusetshenziswa kwayo empilweni yansuku zonke. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

ngezinto zokwenziwa;
isikhundla esikhaleni segumbi;
indawo phakathi kwefenisha;
ukusebenza okwakhayo;
ukusebenza.

Ngu impahla ukwenziwa:

ngokhuni;
kusuka engilazini;
ipulasitiki;
amashalofu ensimbi.

Ngokhuni

I-Metallic

Ipulasitiki

Ingilazi

Ngokuthola indawo endaweni yokuhlala, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:

amashalofu ekhoneni;
ukulengisa amashalofu aboshwe ophahleni;
ifenisha yodonga, iqiniswe ngezibopho.

Ngokuya ngendawo ephakathi kwamashalofu, kunezinketho ezilandelayo:

ukwakheka okuvela eqenjini lamashalofu;
ishelufu lefenisha elilodwa, eliseceleni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zefenisha ngokwedizayini nokwakhiwa:

amashalofu ahlanganisiwe aqukethe izindonga eziqondile nezime mpo. Banganikezwa ngamadilowa;
ama-multi-tiered - anezindonga ezibekwe ngokuvundlile;
ngezindonga ezingemuva;
ngodonga oluvundlile olungaphezulu, okuluhlobo lwamakhabethe odonga angenazicabha;
ifenisha eshalofini enezindonga eziseceleni zokusekelwa;
ikhonsoli - ukuhlukahluka kwamashalofu anendiza eyodwa evundlile.

Ngokuya ngemisebenzi eyenziwayo nenjongo, ifenisha ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana:

ama-racks jikelele, izithombe zazo eziqoqiwe ekukhethweni;
endlini yangasese;
eshalofini elincane, elifana nepensela elikhishi;
ephaseji;
amashalofu ezincwadi.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamashalofu ngokwezinto zokwenziwa kwazo. Ukukhetha kwayo kuya ngemisebenzi, inhloso, indawo yeshalofu.

Izinto zokukhiqiza

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa amashalofu zihlukile, zethulwa:

ukuqaqeka;
izingodo;
ifenisha ibhodi;
ipulangwe;
MDF;
Chipboard.

I-Veneer yishidi lomuthi omncane kakhulu (3 mm), otholakala ngokusika ebusweni bokhuni. Izinhlobo ze-veneer:

isihlahla se-okhi;
gabon;
i-bibolo;
wenge;
ziyadliwa;
ibhithi;
ama-cherries;
imephu;
i-birch.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-veneer ekukhiqizeni amashalofu kunezinhloso ezimbili: ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza nokwenza amasampula akhethekile aqediwe ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-veneer ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokhuni.

Izinto ezihambisana negama elithi "ifenisha" yizinkuni, eza ngesimo samapulangwe namapulangwe. Lokhu ngokhuni, impilo yefenisha incike kwikhwalithi yabo. Ithonywe izizathu eziningi:

imvelo;
ubudala;
isikhathi sokugawula.

Amandla ebhodi aphazanyiswa yimifantu, amafindo. Izindleko zempahla enjalo esezingeni eliphansi ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zokhuni ezikhethiwe. Ukuze kutholakale izingodo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kufanele kube nemibandela emihle yokukhula kwezihlahla. Izici zokungcola kwemvelo, ukutholakala kwemiphumela enobuthi akuvumeli ukukhula kwezinkuni ezigcwele. Ngakho-ke, ukhuni oluqinile lubiza kakhulu, futhi ifenisha amasampuli akhethekile.

Uma kukhulunywa ngefenisha yokhuni, zisho izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

“Ifenisha yokhuni” yigama elisho zonke izinhlobo zalo (amabhodi enziwe ngokhuni lwensimbi olucindezelweyo, ukushefa);
imaski ye-veneer izinto ezingaphansi;
ifenisha yokhuni oluqinile.

Esikhundleni sezinkuni ibhodi lefenisha, elinamabhuloki ezinkuni agxiliwe, aqediwe nge-veneer. Ifenisha inokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu, iwina ngemali yentando yeningi. Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokhuni, imigoqo yemithi enobukhulu nosayizi ohlukile isetshenzisiwe:

i-birch;
ibhithi;
isihlahla se-okhi.

Isihlangu sisabalele ekukhiqizeni ifenisha, ngenxa yobuningi be-array, amandla, nobungane bemvelo. Impilo yayo yokusebenza ingaqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezinkuni. Njengezinkuni, ingabuyiselwa kalula futhi ibuyiselwe.

Izinto zokhuni zendabuko ziyipulangwe, ezazaziwa kwabaseGibhithe lasendulo, amaRoma kanye namaGrikhi. Imikhiqizo yenziwe ngamashidi amathathu kusetshenziswa i-resin ye-urea yokunamathisela. Ukhuni oluhle kakhulu lwe-plywood veneer lubhekwa njenge-birch. Amandla ento eqhathaniswa nalokhuni. Unempilo yenkonzo ehlaba umxhwele (kusuka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyikhulu). Akumangalisi ukuthi amamodeli wekhulu lokugcina elenziwe ngepulangwe, njengoba ayeseyivelakancane, asaziswa.

Kwangaphakathi, i-plywood iyinto eyintandokazi, isizathu salokhu izindleko eziphansi, ukuthembeka ekusebenzeni. Kuyinto yokwenziwa kwamashalofu ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene:

imitapo yolwazi emakhaya;
amakamelo ezingane;
emakhishini.

I-plywood inekhono elihle lokuklama: ingagcina umbala wemvelo we-birch, ingabuye idayiwe.

I-MDF uhlobo lwezinto zokhuni. Kuyi-fibreboard. Iqukethe ukushefa, okuhlanganiswe ne-resin ye-urea. Okokusebenza kubhekwa njengokusondelene nezinkuni maqondana nobungani bemvelo namandla. Lesi yisizathu sokuthandwa kwayo. Izinto ezimelana nomswakama, ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamashalofu endlini yokugezela. Izinto ezinjalo kungaba:

i-revet ngepulasitiki, i-veneer, ifilimu;
unikeze amafomu ahlukahlukene;
hlukanisa ngemibala nemiphumela (kukhanye, insimbi, umama weparele).

Izinto okwenziwa ngazo amashalofu efenisha kufaka phakathi ibhodi elenziwe ngokhuni noma i-chipboard, okuyizinto zesimanje. Yenziwe ngokushefa nangokhuni lwesaha. Izici zobuchwepheshe bezinto zibandakanya:

amandla;
ukumelana nomswakama;
ukulondolozwa kwesayizi, umbala nokuma emakamelweni afudumele. Ngokuya ngemithetho yokusebenza, amashalofu angahlala iminyaka eyi-10.

Kubuthakathaka kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokhuni, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, le nuance kufanele icatshangelwe futhi inganikezwa umthwalo engakhelwanga yona. Azikho izinto ezithatha indawo yokhuni oluqinile ezingayifanisa nekhwalithi nokuqina kwayo. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abathenga ifenisha ukuze bayidlulise ngefa. Ngakho-ke, amashalofu avela kunoma iyiphi impahla yokhuni azothola umnikazi wawo.

Ngaphezu kwamashalofu ezinkuni, kusetshenziswa ezinye izinto. Akuvamile ukuthi ziqukethe into eyodwa, kaningi ziyahlanganiswa:

amashalofu engilazi asetshenziswa ezindlini zangasese. Ingilazi isetshenziselwa amashalofu akhanyayo anezikhumbuzo emakhabetheni;
amashalofu ensimbi enzelwe ukugcina izinto ezisindayo. Zisetshenziswa ekhishini. Zisekela kalula izitsha zanoma yisiphi isisindo.

Izindlela zokubopha nezesekeli ezidingekayo

Inkinga enkulu ukukhethwa kwamadivayisi wokuqinisa izinhlobo zamashalofu, ngoba ukubukeka kobuhle, ukwethembeka nokuphepha kuncike kuwo. Ukufakwa kunezakhi ezi-2:

ukukhweza noma isibambi;
umkhawulo.

Ngokombono wokulungisa amashalofu, okubalulekile komkhiqizo nendlela yokulungisa kubalulekile. Izindlela zokufaka zixhomeke ezintweni ezisemashalofini. Zinezinhlobonhlobo.

Ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokuqinisa amashalofu ajikelezayo kwenziwa kanjena:

i-eksisi ihlelwe kuqala;
izakhiwo ezingezansi neziphezulu ziboshwe kuKhabhinethi;
khona-ke ishalofu liboshelwa ku-ekseli.

Amashalofu wokukhipha ahlanganiswe nokufakwa okukhethekile. Inezici ezilandelayo:

imihlahlandlela;
amasondo ahamba nawo.

Ama-fasteners, kuya ngomklamo, ayizinhlobo eziningana:

amabhokisi ama-tandem akhiqizwa ngamashalofu;
izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngamadivayisi;
izindlela ezihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Ukufaka ishalofu elisheshayo, udinga ukubeka isitoreji kumathuluzi wokubhola, e-screwdriver, wokulinganisa nawokumaka. Umaki wenziwa ngokulandelayo:

imihlahlandlela ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili (enye inamathiselwe kuhlaka, enye eshalofini);
izibalo nemakhaphu zenzelwa bona;
izimbobo zokubhoboza iziqobosho;
ukufakwa kwezihlanganisi.

Ngemuva kokulungisa zonke izakhi, ziyalungiswa. Ukufakwa kwamabhokisi we-tandem kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Ukufakwa kwe-mortise fasteners:

umaki wabanikazi;
hlola ukuthi ububanzi beziphathi nezimbobo kufanele bulingane yini;
lungisa abaphathi kufreyimu naseshalofini.

Izintaba zokubamba emakhoneni esakhiwo. Amamodeli lapho kufanele kugcinwe khona izinto ezisindayo kufanele aqiniswe ngezihlanganisi ezimbili ezengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokufaka iziqobosho ezingaphezulu (kubakaki), maka amaphoyinti emigodini lapho kufanele kufakwe khona okufakwa. Bese ubenza eshalofini. Shaya izimbobo nge-drill. Gcoba izibopho ohlakeni naseshalofini.

Emashalofini engilazi, izihlanganisi zifakwa ngendlela efanayo. Zinamathiselwe kubakaki, okuluhlobo lwezinto zokubopha ngaphezulu. Asetshenziselwa ingilazi amashalofu. Bano-gasket wenjoloba ngaphakathi avikela ingilazi.

Ubakaki uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-fastener (mortise). Isetshenziselwa amashalofu azosetshenziselwa imithwalo esindayo. Iziqoboshelo zefenisha ezenziwe nge-chipboard zibeke izinto zokufihla izinto ezifihliwe ezifakiwe Zifake ngaphakathi kweshalofu. Izihlanganisi zingakhethwa kahle, inqobo nje uma kwaziwa ukuthi amashalofu nendawo akuyo.

Kuhle kanjani ukufaka ingaphakathi

Ishelufu lefenisha lingena kahle ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi, ngoba linezimo ezahlukahlukene, ukwakheka, ubukhulu. Unobuhle, uyasebenza, ngokuvumelana nezinye izinto. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayibeka kanjani kahle ukuze ingaphazamisi ukuvumelana. Kunezindlela okudingeka uzilandele lapho ubeka amashalofu emakamelweni ahlukene:

ekamelweni lokuhlala, iqembu lamashalofu angunxande angaphezulu kwendawo yomlilo noma i-TV lizobukeka lilusizo;
hhayi amashalofu efenisha amakhulu kakhulu odongeni azobukeka ethokomele ngaphezu kosofa osehholo;
hlela amashalofu ezincwadi esifundweni nasekamelweni lezingane ngenhla kwetafula lomsebenzi. Ungafaka izinto ozidingayo ukuze usebenze kuzo;
eshalofini elincane elincane lefenisha lingasebenza njengendawo yokuma izithombe;
amashalofu angena kahle esikhaleni sehhovisi. Zigcwalisa izakhiwo zezingubo zokugqoka ephasishi, ekhishini, endlini yangasese;
emakamelweni angaphambili (ihholo, igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala), amashalofu anciphisa izingoma zefenisha, enza njengokuhlobisa;
amashalofu ekhoneni angafakwa kunoma yiliphi igumbi, elingeke ligcwalise isikhala kuphela, kodwa futhi lizosiza kakhulu.

Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlelwa kwamashalofu ngaphakathi, futhi zilungele yonke ingaphakathi.

Ukuhlobisa

Amashalofu asebenzayo kuwo wonke amakamelo ayizinto ezingabizi kakhulu. Zigcwalisa izikhala, zivuselele ingaphakathi ngama-knick-knacks amahle akha induduzo. Ngaphakathi kwamafulethi, amashalofu ngokwawo enza imisebenzi yokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa. Kunezinketho eziningi zokusebenzisa amashalofu efenisha. Nazi ezinye zazo:

njengento yokuhlobisa, kuhlonishwa ukuba namashalofu e-transformer emiklamo yangempela;
izingoma zengilazi noma zepulasitiki ziba "umoya" okhanyayo omusha phakathi kwefenisha yokhuni;
i-asymmetry ingaba yinto yokuhlobisa;
uchungechunge lwamashalofu lunwebeka ku-zigzag ngendlela yenyoka;
ngemicabango yokudala, ungadala noma yikuphi ukwakheka okuvela emashalofini, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinto zokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi: ubujamo, imibala, ukukhanyisa, indwangu.

Abaqambi abathuthukile, becabangela ukuthambekela kwesikhathi nemfashini, banikela ngezinketho eziningi lapho izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi zilenga zodwa odongeni zisebenza hhayi kuphela imisebenzi ethile efulethini, kodwa futhi zenza ingaphakathi lazo lingenakuphikiswa.

Yini engabekwa kubo

Amashalofu awanazicabha, ngakho-ke konke okubekwa kuwo kukhonjiswa emphakathini. Kuyadingeka ukuhlela okuqukethwe ukuze kungaphuli isithombe jikelele nemithetho yesitayela sangaphakathi. Lobu ubuciko bokunethezeka ekhaya, futhi nemithetho yobuciko kufanele iqondwe. Emakhasini omagazini, amashalofu anezinto abukeka ephelele. Okusemqoka ukuthi zonke izinto zitholakala kuzo ngendlela ekhethekile:

udinga ukuhlela okuqukethwe kwamashalofu ngemigqa eminingana. Ukuhlelwa kwabo kwesibuko kusikisela ukuthi ezinye izinto zinokuthile okufana ngombala, ukuma, ungenza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana ezifanayo noma ezifanayo;
uma kunesikhala esincane emashalofini, sebenzisa ishalofu ngokulenga isithombe, isithombe, iphosta noma isibuko ohlakeni;
Beka izithombe ezimbalwa ezincane esitokweni esiphansi somagazini noma izincwadi. Le ndlela igcizelela ukubaluleka kwazo;
sebenzisa ukulinganisa lapho ufaka izinto;
eminye iminyango ingahle ingabi nalutho;
amafolda angasetshenziselwa izingodo;
beka ukuhleleka okuphelele eshalofini;
kungcono ukubeka izinto ezisindayo phansi;
kungcono ukungahleleki izinto ngombala;
thetha imigqa yezincwadi ngamavazi, imifanekiso;
ungabeki izincwadi zibheke phezulu kuphela. Ngenye izitaki ezivundlile.

Amashalofu ayifenisha ebalulekile yanoma iliphi ikhaya, anethezekile futhi asebenzayo. Zigcwalisa noma yikuphi ngaphakathi, zigcwalisa izikhala ezingenalutho futhi zixubene ngokuvumelanayo namahedisethi. Amashalofu aseqalile ukusetshenziswa, ajwayelekile futhi angenakubuyiselwa. Lesi yisizathu sokuthandwa kwabo.