Izici zezikulufu zefenisha, amathiphu wokukhetha

Imboni yesimanje inikeza ukukhethwa okubanzi kwezesekeli zakamuva zokulungisa, ezenza kube lula ukuhlangana kwemikhiqizo yefenisha, kwandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwayo, noma ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhuma ifenisha, isikulufa sefenisha sithatha indawo ehamba phambili.

Yini inhloso

Isikulufu sefenisha siyisibopho esikhethekile, inhloso enkulu yayo ukuxhuma izingxenye ezenziwe ngezinto zokhuni ngokugoqa ngaphakathi nokwakha intambo ngaphakathi komkhiqizo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlangana kwezakhiwo zefenisha, ukujoyina kanye nemikhiqizo yokwakha, ngoba ukubopha okunjalo kunomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yefenisha, impilo yayo yensizakalo, nobuhle.

Isetshenziselwa izinto zokwakha ezinjalo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ifenisha yekhabethe, njenge:

• amashidi amakhulu okhuni;
• i-chipboard;
• i-fibreboard;
• Chipboard;
• ipulangwe;
• i-drywall encane.

Ngaphandle, isikulufa sefenisha yinduku eyenziwe ngensimbi futhi ehlotshiswe nge:

• ikhanda lesimo esithile, okuyingxenye ye-fastener, futhi lisebenza nokudlulisa i-torque;
• i-slot - ikhefu lesimo esithile ekugcineni kwekhanda le-hardware;
• okukhulu kakhulu okuphuma ngaphezu kwenduku enkulu, intambo, ukujika okungezansi kwayo kuyindilinga futhi kunama-notch;
• ithiphu ebukhali.

Ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu obufakwe imicu ne-shank, ukucindezelwa kwezingxenye ezisontekile kuncishisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe siyamelana nanoma yimuphi umthelela. Futhi, izikulufo zisondelene kakhulu nezinto okufanele ziboshwe ngenxa yobubanzi obufanayo bezingxenye ezibushelelezi nezenduku zehadiwe.

Ekhiqizweni kwezikulufu zefenisha, kusetshenziswa ikhwalithi ephezulu yekhabhoni yensimbi, okuthi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali nokwelashwa kokushisa, inezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingekayo zezici zemishini. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe kalula i-Hardware kokuqukethwe ngokufakwa okungafanele. Ukuze kwandiswe izakhiwo ezilwa nokugqwala, izikulufo ziphathwa ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile esuselwa kunikeli, zinc, ithusi.

Isikulufa sefenisha sinezinzuzo nezinkinga. Izici ezinhle zifaka:

• ukulungiswa okuthembekile nokuzinzile;
• ukufakwa okulula kakhulu;
• ikhono lokumelana nemithwalo enzima yokuphuka;
• ikhono lokuxhuma izakhi zesakhiwo ngokulandelana;
• ukuqina kwezingxenye zefenisha;
• ayidingi amakhono akhethekile, amadivayisi asizayo ayinkimbinkimbi.

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukungalungi kwezikulufu zefenisha:

• isidingo semikhiqizo yokufihla ubuso ngepulaki lepulasitiki ngombala wento leyo;
• izinto ezixhunywe ne-hardware azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa, ngoba isakhiwo ngeke simelane nomhlangano ophindaphindiwe.

Isikulufu sefenisha sinesibopho sokuqinisa izingxenye zomzimba wefenisha ndawonye, ​​ukuqinisa amashalofu, izingxenye zokuxhuma. Ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka, ukuphepha, ikhono lokuqaqa kalula nokuhlanganisa ifenisha ngaphandle kokubandlulula kuyo uma udinga ukuhambisa kuncike kuyo.

Izinhlobonhlobo

Amasampula athandwa kakhulu futhi athandwayo asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, ukuhlanganisa, ukufakwa kwezingcezu zefenisha afaka:

• isikulufa sendawo yonke;
• isiqinisekiso.

Futhi embonini yefenisha, kusetshenziswa izikulufo eziningi ezinemikhawulo ebuthuntu, imicu emikhulu eguqulelwe i-chipboard, amakhanda athile. Omunye womkhiqizo onjalo uyisikulufu sensimbi esihlanganisiwe esikuvumela ukuthi unamathisele amashidi we-chipboard nge-engela yama-degree angama-90.

Isikulufa sendawo yonke

Isiqinisekiso

Isikulufa sendawo yonke

Umkhiqizo uvezwa ngesimo senduku ngendlela yesilinda enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zekhanda nentambo yangaphandle. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukufaka izinto zomhlangano ngamunye ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zefenisha. Phezulu kwalesi sikulufa kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukile:

• ikhanda lomkhiqizo, lapho, ngemuva kokusonteka, licwila ngokuphelele futhi lingaphumi ngaphezu kwezinto ezizoboshelwa, ubukhulu balo ukufakwa kwamashalofu, izibambo, amahinji, ujantshi womhlahlandlela wabadonsa;
• ikhanda le-semi-countersunk, ngenxa yoshintsho olubushelelezi kusuka endukwini kuya entanjeni ngesikhathi sokusonga, iya kokuqukethwe, kanye nozakwabo;
• ikhanda eliyindilinga, indiza enezingqimba nesisekelo sangaphakathi sobuso bekhanda eliyisiyingi, lapho kufakwa, ngokungeziwe kudala ingcindezi entweni eboshiwe, kwenyusa amandla eyunithi yokwakheka, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukuguquguquka kwayo.

Ukuba khona kwentambo ekhethekile kwenza kube lula ukulungisa isikulufa ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezinzima kakhulu zokhuni. Izikhala ze-Hardware zingaba lula futhi zibethelwe. Imikhiqizo enekhefu lesiphambano inezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikiswa:

• i-screwdriver noma i-drill ilungiswa ngokushesha ekhanda;
• i-screwdriver eyodwa kuphela ewusizo;
• inqubo yokufaka ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo yenziwa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.

Lapho usebenzisa izikrini ngezikulufo, kufanele uzihlomise nge-screwdriver, izikulufo ezinemibhobho engashintshwa. Ukuxhumeka kwekhwalithi ephezulu yezinto zokwakha, ngenkathi ugoqa ngezikulufo, izimbobo zokubhola, ubukhulu bazo obuzoba yi-70% yobukhulu behadiwe, futhi bakhethe ne-drill efanele.

Isiqinisekiso

Le mikhiqizo inelinye igama - izikulufo ze-euro, lapho kukhiqizwa ifenisha yanamuhla kubhekwa njengohlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwezinto zokubopha nokulungisa, ngoba ziphakathi kwamalunga efenisha athembekile, angabizi kakhulu. Imikhiqizo enjalo imelana nokucindezela kwemishini, kanye nokwaphuka.

Qinisekisa kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izakhiwo ezenziwe ngezinto ezinjengokhuni, i-chipboard enamathele, i-plywood, i-chipboard. Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa izikulufo ezinobukhulu obungu-5x50 mm no-7x50 mm. Ngaphezu kwezingxenye zokubopha, izikulufo ze-euro zithatha indawo yekhoneni elijwayelekile, zenza umsebenzi wokwakha umzimba, ngenkathi imelana nayo yonke imithwalo yokugoba. Ukwenza ifenisha yekhabhinethi ibukeke ijabulisa ubuhle, iziqinisekiso zenezelwa ngamaplagi enziwe ngepulasitiki. Bafihla ingxenye ebonakalayo yekepisi ukufanisa umbala womkhiqizo wefenisha.

Izici ezihlukile zalezi zibopho ziyintambo emaholoholo, ithiphu ebuthuntu, ikhanda le-cylindrical, i-hexagon slot. Lapho kuhlanganiswa izakhiwo, izikulufu zefenisha zeheksagoni azidingi amakhono akhethekile, imishini ekhethekile.

I-screw tie yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hex bit, i-screwdriver, ukhiye okhethekile, i-drill. Ungayisebenzisi imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-screwdriver ye-Phillips. Lobu buchwepheshe ngeke buvumele ukuqinisa ngokuqinile izinto zokuxhuma. Ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo sizoxegisa.

Umumo nobukhulu

Ifenisha isikulufa yindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokubopha lapho kwenziwa nasenhlanganweni yefenisha. Kunobukhulu nobukhulu obuningi behadiwe elenzelwe ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe ohlotshaniswa nokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yefenisha.

Ubude nobubanzi behardware enjalo kunqunywa ngamamilimitha noma ngenombolo. Isilinganiso sobubanzi nobude siyahluka ngezinga ngalinye, kepha lokhu kwehluka akubalulekile kangako. Inombolo inqunywa inombolo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-20, uma isibalo siphakama, umkhiqizo uyajiya. Ububanzi obunenombolo engu-2,3,4,6 busetshenziswa kabanzi.

I-GOST ilawula amapharamitha womkhiqizo, kepha imikhiqizo ingahle ibe nobukhulu be-atypical futhi ikhiqizwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwe-oda elikhethekile. Ithebula lobubanzi bezikulufo zomhlaba ngamamilimitha.

Ububanzi	2,5	3,0	3,5	4,0	5,0
Ubude	kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-25	kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-30	kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-40	kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-50	kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-70

Usayizi ovame kakhulu wefenisha ngu-3 x16 mm; 3.5 x16 mm; 4.0 x16 mm. Imingcele yezikulufo zomhlaba wonke ilawulwa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-GOST.

GOST 1144-80	Isikulufa esinekhanda eliyindilinga futhi esibonakala nge-slot eqondile
GOST 1145-80	Ama-fasteners ahlanganisa ikhanda elibhekene ne-countersunk kanye ne-slot eqondile nese-cross
GOST 1146-80	Umkhiqizo onenhloko enesihloko esiphikisiwe

Ukuqinisekiswa kwefenisha kunamadayimitha amathathu amakhulu, lapho i-7.0 isetshenziswa kakhulu. Itafula lesibizo lesikulufo sama-euro ngamamilimitha.

Ububanzi	5,0	6,5	7,0
Ubude	40-50	50	kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-70

Ithebula losayizi elijwayelekile lokuqinisekiswa ngamamilimitha.

Ububanzi	7
Intambo ububanzi	6,7-7,1
Intambo iphimbo	3
Ububanzi bomzimba	4,7
Ithiphu ububanzi	4,4-4,5
Ububanzi bengxenye engaxhunyiwe	3-6
Ukuphakama kwekhanda	10-12
Ububanzi bekhanda	9,5-10,3
Slot ukujula	2,7-3,2

Amapharamitha wezikulufo angawohlobo ngalunye. Izinkomba eziyinhloko ezichazayo ubude nobukhulu bazo. Ubude yigebe eliphakathi kokuphela nendiza engaphansi kwekepisi. Lesi sibalo sisebangeni le-6 - 150 mm. Ubukhulu bulingana nobubanzi bomucu engxenyeni engaphandle yehadiwe, nosayizi wayo usukela ku-3.5 kuye ku-6 mm. Isisindo sehadiwe ngalinye sincike kumapharamitha aso futhi singaba kububanzi obungu-0.3 - 16.6 g, futhi isisindo sephakeji eliqukethe izingcezu eziyinkulungwane sizoba kusuka ku-0.26 kuye ku-20 kg.

Ubukhulu

Intambo

Ifomu

Ungayikhetha kanjani efanele

Ukuze kukhethwe kahle isikulufa sefenisha, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi izofakwa kuziphi izinto. Ukukhethwa kwekhanda kuzoya ngamandla asetshenzisiwe nesikhala esizotholakala lapho ugoqa. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha hhayi kuphela uhlobo lwekhanda, kepha futhi nephethini yethuluzi elisetshenzisiwe.

Ngokukhethwa okulungile kwebhithi, kuqiniswa ukubanjwa okuqinile kwethuluzi lokugoqa. Kulesi simo izikulufo zihamba kahle, ngokulinganayo zifaka amapuleti enkuni, i-drywall, i-chipboard elaminishwe, i-MDF.

Amanye ama-nuances abalulekile azosiza abathengi be-fasteners ukuthi bazulazule kangcono ngokuhlukahluka kwabo, futhi benze ukukhetha okulungile:

• Izikulufo zombala ofanayo kufanele zigcinwe kusikimu sombala ofanayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo yenziwe ukucutshungulwa okufanayo ezimweni ezifanayo, futhi ibuye ibe namandla afanele, ukumelana nokugqwala;
• ipharamitha - osayizi beqoqo elilodwa lemikhiqizo akufanele bahluke ngokungafani, futhi futhi bahambisane namazinga;
• isinyathelo - umthwalo ophakathi kwemicu kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo;
• umgodi - isikhala kufanele sibonakale ngokucacile, ukulinganisa, sijule ngokwanele;
• ukumaka - ukuqokwa okujwayelekile kwezikulufo kuyinombolo lapho inombolo yokuqala ilingana nosayizi wentambo, okwesibili ubude bomkhiqizo kusuka ekhanda layo kuze kufike kuthiphu ebukhali.

Uma izikulufo zefenisha zihlangabezana nenqubo ebekiwe, ungaqiniseka ngekhwalithi yokuqina kwefenisha okungeke kuphuke ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Ukuze uhlangane futhi ufake izinto zefenisha zekhwalithi ephezulu, udinga ukusebenzisa umsizi onjalo, ongabizi ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokuqinisa, njengesikulufu. Lolu hlobo lwefenisha screed ngeke nje lwenze lula inqubo yokuhlangana nokufakwa, kepha futhi luzobonakala ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwenqubo yokufaka, ngenxa yohlaka lwayo olwehlukile. Zonke izakhiwo nezisekelo ezilungiswe ngalezi zibopho zizogcina ukwakheka kwazo, ukubukeka kwazo, izakhiwo zazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.