AmaKurds: angobani, umlando, inkolo, indawo yokuhlala
IKurdistan itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Western Asia. IKurdistan ayisona isimo, iyindawo ethnographic etholakala emazweni ahlukene e-4: empumalanga yeTurkey, entshonalanga ye-Iran, enyakatho ye-Iraq nasenyakatho yeSyria.
ULWAZI! Namuhla, kunamaKurds aphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-20 nezingama-30.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe bonke abayizigidi ezimbili abameleli balesi sizwe bahlakazekele kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu naseMelika. Kulezi zingxenye, amaKurds asungule imiphakathi emikhulu. CIS bahlala cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-400. Ikakhulu e-Armenia nase-Azerbaijan.
Umlando wabantu
Ngokubheka uhlangothi lofuzo lobuzwe, amaKurds asondele kuma-Armenia, amaGeorgia kanye neAzerbaijanis.
AmaKurds ayiqembu elikhuluma i-Iranian. Abamele lobuzwe bangatholakala eTranscaucasus. Laba bantu bakhuluma ikakhulukazi izilimi ezimbili - isiKurmanji nesiSorani.
Lesi ngesinye sezizwe ezindala kakhulu ezihlala eMiddle East. AmaKurds yisizwe esibaluleke kakhulu esingenamandla. Uhulumeni wokuzibusa waseKurd ukhona e-Iraq kuphela futhi ubizwa njengoHulumeni WesiFunda Sase-Iraq.
Abamele lobuzwe bebelokhu belwela ngenkuthalo ukusungulwa kweKurdistan cishe iminyaka engama-20. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi amazwe amaningi azama ukudlala ikhadi lalesi sifundazwe namuhla. Isibonelo, i-United States ne-Israel, ngokubambisana neTurkey, bayayisekela impi yabo yokulwa nenhlangano kazwelonke yamaKurd. I-Russia, iSyria neGrisi bangabalandeli beKurdistan Workers 'Party.
Le nzalo ingachazwa kalula - eKurdistan kunenani elikhulu lemithombo yemvelo, isibonelo, uwoyela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yendawo enhle yezwe, abanqobi bamazwe ahlukene babenentshisekelo kula mazwe. Kwakunemizamo yengcindezelo, ingcindezelo, ukufana ngokuthanda. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, abantu balesi sizwe bebelokhu belwa impi nabahlaseli.
Ngekhulu le-16, kwaqubuka izimpi, ezaqalwa yi-Iran kanye noMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Umzabalazo walwelwa ithuba lokuba ngumnikazi wamazwe aseKurdistan.
Ngo-1639, kwaqedwa isivumelwano seZohab, ngokusho ukuthi iKurdistan yayihlukaniswe phakathi koMbuso wase-Ottoman ne-Iran. Lokhu kwaba yibhaxa lezimpi futhi kwahlukanisa abantu abangamakhulu ezigidi abangashadile ngemingcele, eyadlala indima ebulalayo esizweni samaKurd.
Ubuholi base-Ottoman nabase-Iran bakhuthaza ukuzithoba kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho, base beqeda ngokuphelele iziphathimandla zaseKurdistan ezibuthaka. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekwenyukeni koqhekeko lombuso.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Inkolo nolimi
Abamele ubuzwe bathi izinkolo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Iningi lamaKurds lisenkolweni yamaSulumane, kepha phakathi kwawo kukhona ama-Alawites, amaShiite, namaKrestu. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-2 bobuzwe bazibheka njengokholo lwangaphambi kobuSulumane, olubizwa nge- "Yezidism" futhi bazibiza ngo-Yezidis. Kepha, ngaphandle kwezinkolo ezahlukahlukene, abamele abantu babiza ubuZoroastrianism inkolo yabo yeqiniso.
Amanye amaqiniso nge-Yezidis:
- Bangabantu abadala kunabo bonke eMesopotamiya. Baxhumana ngolimi olukhethekile lwesiKurmanji, ulimi lwesiKurdish.
- Noma yimuphi u-Yezidi uzalwa ngubaba ka-Yezidi Kurd, futhi wonke umuntu wesifazane ohloniphekile angaba ngumama.
- Le nkolo ibizwa hhayi kuphela ngama-Yezidi Kurds, kodwa nangabanye abamele ubuzwe bamaKurd.
- Onke amaKurds obuhlanga athi le nkolo angathathwa njengeYazidis.
ISunni Islam yigatsha eliphambili lamaSulumane. Angobani amaSunni Kurds? Le nkolo ithathwa njengenkolo esuselwa ku "Sunnah" - isethi ethile yezisekelo nemithetho, ngokuya ngesibonelo sempilo yoMprofethi uMuhammad.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaKurds yisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke esinesimo "sezwe elincane". Ayikho idatha eqondile kunombolo yabo. Imithombo ehlukahlukene inezibalo eziphikisanayo: kusuka kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-13 kuya kwezingu-40.
Bahlala eTurkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Britain, Austria nakwamanye amazwe.
Ingqikithi yokungqubuzana nabaseTurkey
Lokhu kungukungqubuzana phakathi kweziphathimandla zaseTurkey namasosha eKurdistan Workers 'Party, elwela ukudala ukuzimela embusweni waseTurkey. Ukuqala kwayo kubuyela emuva ku-1989, futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, laba bantu babhekwa njengabakhulu kunabo bonke, abangenaso isimo somuntu siqu. Isivumelwano Sokuthula Sevres, esisayinwe ngo-1920, sihlinzekela ukusungulwa kweKurdistan ezimele endaweni yaseTurkey. Kepha akuzange kusebenze. Ngemuva kokuthi iSivumelwano SaseLausanne sisayinwe, sakhanselwa ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sika-1920-1930, amaKurds avukela uhulumeni waseTurkey, kodwa impi ayiphumelelanga.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Izindaba zokugcina
Izinqubomgomo zaseRussia naseTurkey ziyefana esifisweni sabo sokwakha ubudlelwano ngaphandle kwamandla e-hegemon. Ngokubambisana, lezi zifundazwe zombili zifaka isandla ekubuyisaneni kweSyria. Kodwa-ke, iWashington ihambisa izikhali emaqenjini amaKurdish asezinze eSyria, i-Ankara eyibiza ngobushokobezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iWhite House ayifuni ukumshiya owayengumshumayeli, umuntu wasemphakathini uFethullah Gulen, ohlala ekudingisweni okuzimele ePennsylvania. Usolwa ngokuzama ukukhishwa kombuso yiziphathimandla zaseTurkey. I-Turkey isabisa ngokuthathela "izinyathelo ezingase zenzeke" kumlingani wayo weNATO.