I-hybrid edumile futhi engavamile - isithombo sekhabe: incazelo, izici zokutshala, izinzuzo nezinkinga

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I-Watermelon radish isitshalo se-hybrid esithola ukuthandwa ngokushesha ezweni lethu. Imifino yaba negama layo ngenxa yokufana koginindela ocebile opinki nesikhumba esiluhlaza namakhabe.

Ukunambitheka kwe-hybrid kunobumnandi obumnandi namacebo obumunyu. Ukwakheka okunothile kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nemithi yokwelapha yesitshalo sempande kwenza isiko lifuneke phakathi kwabalimi. Ikhula kanjani le hybrid nokuthi yehluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zesithombo - funda ku.

Izici eziningiliziwe kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

I-Watermelon radish iyinhlobonhlobo ye-hybrid ekhula masisha yomndeni we-cruciferous. Inani lamandla nokwakheka kwezakhamzimba zesithombo samakhabe kuyafana nezinye izinhlobo zamasiko. Izinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukumelana namakhaza. Isivuno se-hybrid siphezulu. Izimpande zezitshalo zimelana nokuhamba kwesikhathi eside kahle.

I-hybrid ibonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwayo ekusetshenzisweni.

Ukubukeka

I-hybrid ingaba nomumo oyindilinga oyindilinga, oyindilinga, oyindilinga, wefusiform. Ububanzi bemifino bungu-7-8 cm. Ikhasi liminyene, liluhlaza okotshani. Inyama inombala kusuka kupinki okhanyayo kuye kupinki ojulile, ingaba nsomi, violet, phuzi. Umbala wempuphu awulingani - ucebe phakathi nendawo futhi awumile ezinhlangothini.

Ngenxa yenhlanganisela yokhasi oluhlaza okhanyayo kanye noginindela opinki ocebile, imifino yezimpande ifana nekhabe, yingakho i-hybrid yaba negama layo.

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela

I-hybrid ihlukaniswa ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuhlwanyela:

Maphakathi no-Mashi, isiko litshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kuvunwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Maphakathi noMeyi, isithombo sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Siyini isivuno ngehektha ngalinye?

I-Watermelon radish ibonakala ngamanani aphezulu wesivuno. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuhambisana nemithetho yokulima kwezolimo, izinhlobonhlobo zinikeza amashumi amaningi amathani / 1 ha. Izithelo eziphakeme kakhulu ziyabonakala lapho i-hybrid itshalwe phakathi noJulayi. Kulesi simo, i-8.5-9 kg / m² ivunwa ngo-Agasti.

Kunconywa ukuthi ikhule kuphi?

Ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi kwezitshalo ngoMashi kwenziwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Izimo zokushisa okushisa zivumela ukuthi uthole isivuno sokuqala ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wokuhlwanyela ezindaweni.
Ngaphandle, kutshalwa imifino kusuka ngoMeyi kuze kuphele isizini.
Uma ufisa, imifino ingatshalwa kuvulandi noma i-loggia emabhokisini okhuni, ukujula kwawo okungenani kungama-30 cm.

Ukumelana nezifo

I-Watermelon radish iyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ukwandisa ukungavikeleki kokuhlukahlukene, imbewu ikhishwa nge-disinfected kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ezinambuzaneni esitshalweni nasezifweni ezahlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukususa ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele, ukhulule inhlabathi emibhedeni.
Ukuze ukhule i-hybrid, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ilungiselelo elinjalo lesayithi lapho isiko lingakhanyiswanga khona ngamahora agcwele emini. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile kungadala ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ziqhakaze.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa

Izinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu kuye ekuvuneni, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30-35, okukuvumela ukuthi utshale isivuno bese uvuna izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngesizini ngayinye.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi azithandayo?

Imifino isabela kahle enhlabathini evundile, evulekile ne-asidi engathathi hlangothi. Nge-asidi evuthiwe, isiza simbiwe ngokufakwa kukafulawa wedolomite.

I-Watermelon radish inika isivuno esikhulu emhlabathini o-loamy kanye nasenhlabathi ojiyile.

Isiza siqala ukulungiswa ekwindla:

Imfucumfucu yezitshalo isuswa ngokucophelela.
Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi imbiwa ngokujulile ngokwethulwa kwe-humus, superphosphate, i-potassium nitrate.
Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokusebenzisa umquba enhlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-3-4 kg / m². Ebusika, isayithi limbozwe ngongqimba lwesivalo semifino.

Isithombe

Ngokuqhubekayo esithombeni ungabona ukuthi isithombo sekhabe sibukeka kanjani:

Umlando wokuzala

Izwe lasekhaya le-hybrid yiYurophu, kepha ukuhlukahluka akutholanga ukuthandwa lapho. Izazi zebhayoloji ezivela e-United States zaba nentshisekelo kule nhlobonhlobo, ngenxa yalokho i-hybrid yaba ngumkhiqizo owaziwa kabanzi nofunwa eMelika. Ososayensi abavela eJapan naseChina nabo babebandakanyeka ekuzaleni lokhu kuhlukahluka, bakhulisa izinhlobo ezihlukile zesithombo seWatermelon. ERussia, i-hybrid yavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI.

Umehluko

I-Watermelon radish yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zeradish eluhlaza ku-pulp engamanzi kakhulu futhi enzima.

I-hybrid inokunambitheka okumnandi. Ikhasi linokunambitheka okumunyu njengoba liqukethe uwoyela wesinaphi. Ezitshalweni zezimpande ezivuthwe ngokweqile, ukunambitheka kuyashintsha ngandlela thile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-hybrid ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi njengo -5 ° C.

Okubhaliselwe kanye nenzalo

Ngokuya ngemvelaphi yezinhlobonhlobo, izazi zezolimo namahlathi zihlukanisa amaqembu amathathu ezinhlobonhlobo:

EYurophu;
IsiShayina;
IsiJapane.

Zihlukile ngokuvuthwa nezindawo zokutshala. Izinhlobo ezidumile zesithombo se-Watermelon:

Inhliziyo ebomvu

Kushiwo inzalo yamaShayina. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesikhumba esiminyene, esikhanyayo somnqumo. Uginindela wesithelo lo umnandi, unamanzi, u-pink ojulile ngombala. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamafutha wesinaphi, ngakho-ke akunabumuncu ngokunambitheka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa impilo eshalofini ende, zikubekezelela kahle ukuthuthwa emabangeni amade.

Inyama Ebomvu

I-hybrid yaseJapane. Izici zokunambitheka kwesitshalo sezimpande ziyefana nezinhlobonhlobo zeDaikon.

Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa nezithelo ezinkulu, isisindo saso esingu-250-300 g.

Isimo sezimpande siyi-oval noma siyindilinga, uginindela ubomvana ngokumnyama, ikhasi lincane. Imifino inokunambitheka okumnandi, akukho ukubaba.

Iyaphela ebomvana

Umkhiqizo wokukhethwa kweJapan. Izinhlobonhlobo zesizini ephakathi, ezibonakala ngokuphila isikhathi eside. Izitshalo zempande 8-10 cm ubude, ziyindilinga. Uginindela wesithelo lowo umnandi, unamanzi amaningi, ubomvana ngombala. I-hybrid ayikwazi ukumelana namakhaza, isivuno sivunwa lapho kuvela isithwathwa sokuqala. Uyehluka kumanani aphezulu wesivuno.

Ubuhle nobubi

Izinhlobonhlobo zinezinzuzo eziningi:

amanani aphezulu wesivuno;
izikhathi zokuvuthwa ezimfushane;
ithuba lokukhulisa izinhlobonhlobo izikhathi eziningana ngesizini ngayinye;
ukuzivikela okuhle ezifweni nasezinambuzane;
sebenzisa ngezinhloso zokwelapha.

Okubi kufaka:

impilo eshalofini emfushane;
shintsha ukunambitheka uma kwenzeka ukuvuna sekwephuzile.

Isetshenziselwa ini futhi kuphi?

I-Watermelon radish isetshenziswa ku:

okusha;
kubhakiwe;
okuthosiwe;
ifomu lesitshulu.

Amahlamvu nawo ayasebenziseka. Izithelo namaqabunga kunezelwa kumasaladi, i-okroshka, amasobho ahlukahlukene abandayo.
Isithombo sisebenza njengomhlobiso wezitsha zokupheka neziphuzo.
Imifino ephekiwe enezinambitheka ezimnandi, ezibucayi.
Imifino isetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni izitsha eziseceleni, ezingezwe ekudleni kwenyama nenhlanzi.
Ukuhlobisa amatafula eholide, fafaza imibuthano yesithombo ngekhumini elimnyama.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali

I-Watermelon radish iqukethe ukwakheka okucebile kwamavithamini, ama-micro- kanye nama-macroelements. Inani lamandla ezinhlobonhlobo lingu-21.1 kcal.

100 g isithombo eluhlaza siqukethe:

0.21 g amaprotheni;
0,4 g amafutha;
0.62 g wama-carbohydrate.

Okuqukethwe uvithamini:

В1 - 0.02 mg
B2 - 0.02 mg.
B4 - 7.32 mg.
B5 - 0.136 mg.
B6 - 0.045 mg.
B9 - 27 mcg.
C - 22.5 mg.
I-PP - 0.22 mg.

Ama-Macronutrients:

Potassium - 226 mg
I-calcium - 26.5 mg
Magnesium - 16.4 mg
I-Sodium - 21.5 mg
I-Phosphorus - 23.1 mg

Landela izinto:

Insimbi - 0.42 mg.
Manganese - 0,037 mg.
Ithusi - 114 mcg.
I-Selenium - 0.71 mcg
Izinki - 0.16 mg.

Inzuzo nokulimala

I-Watermelon radish iqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi:
- amavithamini;
- ama-microelements;
- ama-asidi.
I-fiber yokudla equkethe imifino yezimpande yenza umsebenzi wepheshana emathunjini usebenze.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesithombo kusekela amasosha omzimba, kubuyise amandla okusebenza kwento ebuthakathaka, futhi kube nomphumela othokozisayo ngokungabi khona kwesifiso sokudla.
Imifino inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi, isimo sesikhumba nezinwele.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezisobala, imifino kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha kubantu abanezifo ezingapheli zamathumbu:

isisu;
isilonda esiswini;
futhi nokuvuvukala kwezinso.

Isithombo sinomphumela ocasulayo kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, singakhulisa izifo.

Ukukhula

Ukuze kukhuliswe i-hybrid, imbewu iyathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ifakwa esikhwameni esibomvana se-potassium permanganate futhi ihlume ukusheshisa ukuhluma.
I-hybrid itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi, ngemuva kokuthi inhlabathi ifudumele ize ifike ku- + 13 .. + 15 ° С.
Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini elungisiwe. Esizeni, ama-grooves enziwa ukujula okungu-4-5 cm, ibanga elingu-13-15 cm lisele phakathi kwemigqa, 8-10 cm phakathi kwemigodi.I-2-3 g yama-ammophos ayangezwa emigodini, ayifaka emhlabathini. Izinhlamvu ezi-2 zifakwa emgodini ngamunye, zifafazwe ngomhlaba, zanyinyitheka kancane.
Ngemuva kwalokho, imibhede iswakanyiswe ngobuningi yambozwa ungqimba lwesivalo semboza ngomuthi. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ayi-3-4 eqiniso, izithombo ziyancipha.
Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuhluma. I-Superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate yengezwa emhlabathini. Ukwanda ngokweqile kukamanyolo kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-9. Ukunisela okungajwayelekile kuholela ekwehleni kancane ekukhuleni kwesitshalo sempande, ukwakheka kwamapayipi egazini, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.
Ngemuva kokuchelela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuvimbela ukwakheka koqweqwe lomhlabathi. Kanyekanye nokuxegisa, ukhula luyasuswa.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ehlobo, isithombo siyavunwa njengoba izitshalo zempande zikhula. Ukuvuna kuqedwa maphakathi nekwindla, ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.
Kuvunwa esimweni sezulu esomile. Izitshalo zempande zimbiwe ngemfoloko, zibekwe endaweni eyomile ukuze zome.
Ngemuva kwalokho, imifino evuniwe iyahlungwa, eyonakele ibekelwa eceleni ukuze icubungulwe, izinhlobo ezinhle zidluliselwa esitolo semifino.
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa, iziqongo ziyanqunywa, kusale u-2 cm.
Imifino ibekwa ezitsheni zokugcina, ifafazwe ngoshoki noma izingqimba zomlotha. Lokhu kuzovikela izimpande ekwakhekeni kokubola.

Isithombo sigcinwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa omoya angama- + 1 ° C ... + 6 ° C izinsuku ezingama-60-70.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Lapho ukhulisa i-hybrid emhlabathini one-asidi ephezulu, isiko lingagula nge-keel yegciwane. Ngalesi sifo, izithelo zithola isimo esingajwayelekile, uginindela uba nzima. Ufulawa weDolomite uyangezwa ukunciphisa ubumuncu bomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokumba.
Ngomswakama owedlulele nokukhipha ukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhutha se-powdery sivela ezitshalweni. Kuqhakaza okumhlophe emaqabungeni. Lesi sifo senza ukuthi amaqabunga ome. Ukuze uyiqede, sebenzisa izidakamizwa iTopaz, iFundazol.
Isinambuzane esivamile sesitshalo yizikhukhula ezibethelelayo. Idla imifino, okwenza isitshalo some. Imifino yothuli ngothuli lukagwayi, ukufafaza nge-garlic ukumnika kusiza ekulweni nakho.
Lapho kuthinteka impukane yeklabishi, isitshalo sifuthwa ngesisombululo seviniga (2 ml weviniga wetafula ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi).

I-Watermelon radish iyi-hybrid yokuqala yokuvuthwa, ukutshalwa kwayo kuyatholakala kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu ye-novice. Ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ungathola isivuno esikhulu senqwaba yezitshalo zezimpande. Ukunambitheka okumnandi, izakhiwo ezizuzisayo nokubukeka okungajwayelekile kunomthelela ekukhuleni okukhulayo kwale mifino.

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