I-smithiant enhle: incazelo nezithombe zezinhlobo. Ama-nuances wokunakekelwa kwezitshalo

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ISmitiante idonsela ukunaka ngamaqabunga ayo entekenteke velvet nezimbali ezingavamile - izinsimbi zemibala emangalisayo.

Abalandeli balesi sitshalo baqoqa amaqoqo aphelele ajabulisa amehlo wabanikazi bawo ngezimbali ezinde. Okulandelayo, sizokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe zonke izinhlobo. Uzofunda ukuthi ungasabalalisa kanjani imbali, ama-nuances wokunakekelwa. Yini ubunzima bokukhula ngaphandle. Futhi yiziphi izifo nezinambuzane okufanele zesatshwe.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

ISmitiante ingeyehlobo lohlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-rhizome ezingapheli, ingeyomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae. Izwe lakubo lesitshalo libhekwa njengezifunda ezinezintaba zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika.

I-Smitiante isitshalo esingapheli esineziqu ezithambile, ze-pubescent. Amaqabunga aphambene amade amade amise okwenhliziyo futhi ambozwe ungqimba lwe-villi. Amaqabunga atholakala kulo lonke ubude besiqu, afinyelela ekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa.

Encwadini. Entwasahlobo, ama-apical inflorescences aqhakaza. Zinezimbali eziyi-10-20 eziyizigaxa noma ezimise okwe-tubular ezimise imibala ehlukahlukene.

Incazelo nezithombe zezinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zalesi sitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali.

I-Cinnabar ebomvu (uSmithiantha cinnibarina)

Isitshalo esinamaqabunga ama-velvety amade (cishe u-15 cm) ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zinhlobo ziphawuleka ngosayizi wazo omncane, ukuphakama kwesitshalo akudluli ku-30 cm.I-inflorescence icishe ibe ngu-25 cm ukuphakama, futhi inezinsimbi ezibomvu ezi-orange ezilengayo ezinesikhungo esiphuzi. I-cinnabar-red smitiante iqhakaza kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isikhathi sokulala siqala.

I-Multiflorous (Smithiantha multiflora)

I-Herbaceous ihlala isikhathi eside ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-30. Amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo eyindilinga namazinyo amafushane emaphethelweni, futhi anombala okhanyayo kunezinye izinhlobo zeSmithyanta. Izimbali zimhlophe noma zi-creamy white, zifinyelela ku-4 cm ubude. ISmitiante multiflorum ivame ukusetshenziselwa abalimi ukwenza i-hybridization nokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha.

I-Spot (Smithiantha punctata)

Ukuhlobisa okungapheli, ukuphakama okungama-30-40 cm.Amacembe ayindilinga, angama-16-18 cm ubude futhi anephethini lemithambo ephephuli. Izimbali zivela njengamashubhu amade enwebeka abheke onqenqemeni. Ipharynx yembali inombala ophuzi ogqamile futhi imbozwe amachashazi abomvu amnyama.

Okumthende (Smithiantha zebrina)

Lesi sitshalo simile, sifinyelela ku-60 cm ubude.Amacembe amise okwenhliziyo, afinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Kunamabala anombala ofanayo eceleni kwemithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nansundu. Iqhakaza ehlobo nasekwindla. Ubukhulu bezimbali bungu-3 - 4 cm, i-pharynx yembali inephethini enamabala.

Okucwebezelayo (Smithiantha fulgida)

Inkomba! Akuvamile ukutholwa kuma-florists. Ungayibona emaqoqweni wabadidiyeli beqiniso balesi sitshalo.

Amaqabunga ayindilinga, aqothulwa eduze kwamaphethelo, embozwe isihlwathi esifushane. Izimbali zibomvu-orange. Ingxenye engezansi ilula ngephethini enamachashazi.

Kuhle (Smithiantha amabilis)

I-Herbaceous perennial, stem stem, ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40. Amaqabunga ayindilinga, angashisi kancane. Ama-apical inflorescence angama-25-30 cm ukuphakama.Izimbali eziyizimbali eziyizigaxa eziyinsimbi eziyi-3.5-4 cm ubude.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha

ISmitanta isakazwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

imbewu;
ukusika;
ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome.

Imbewu

Okubalulekile! Kunezinto eziningi zokutshala, kepha izindleko zabasebenzi zokuzithola zibalulekile.

Izincomo zokutshala okulungile nembewu yokuhluma:

AbakwaSmithians batusa ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi.
Ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba kube nesifo sezithombo ezibucayi zikaSmithyanta, kunconywa ukucubungula inhlabathi neziqukathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Isitsha sishisiwe ngamanzi abilayo, kanti umhlabathi uphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi ithululelwa esitsheni esilungisiwe, ithambile kancane futhi iswakanyiswe.
Imbewu yama-smithians mancane kakhulu, uma etshalwe ayingcwatshwa emhlabathini, kepha ihlwanyelwa ngaphezulu.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ekukhanyeni futhi indawo efanelekile ilungiselelwa isitsha esinembewu etshaliwe eduze kwewindi, kepha lapho kungatholakali khona ilanga ngqo.
Ukuhluma kwembewu, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale imanzi kancane bese isitsha ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa simbozwa ngefilimu, sibekwe endlini eluhlaza noma ngaphansi kwengilazi.
Ithempelesha yegumbi akufanele yeqe ngama-25 ° C.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili - 3, kuvela izithombo, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga, lapho kuvela amaqabunga ambalwa eqiniso ezitshalweni, izithombo kufanele zicwiliswe. Ngemuva kwenye inyanga, izithombo zingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukene.

Lindela ukuqhakaza kokuqala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Izithelo

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-cuttings kwenziwa phakathi nenkathi yonke yokukhula esebenzayo. Amaqabunga amaSmiti anqunywa u-5-7 cm ubude futhi agxiliwe emanzini, futhi ngemuva kokuba izimpande sezakhiwe, zitshalwa ezitsheni ezigcwele ingxube emanzi ye-peat noma inhlabathi yeSaintpaulias.

Kwaphela amasonto amabili, izitshalo zinikezwa ukushisa okungenani okungama-25 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo zifakwa ku-greenhouse noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusika kuzoqina, kepha, lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, ingxenye yesitshalo izofa, futhi entwasahlobo amahlumela amasha azosuka empandeni.

Ngokuhlukanisa

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kweSmithyanta ngokwenza ama-rhizomes kufanele kuhlanganiswe ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, okwenziwa ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphumula. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela ebhodweni futhi sikhululwe emhlabathini, bese kuthi i-scaly rhizome isikwe ngommese ibe izingxenye ezingama-2-3 bese itshalwa ezimbizeni ezahlukene. Umhlaba ugcinwa usemanzi kancane. Ukunisela kungakhuphuka ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha.

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Abaningi babheka i-smithyanta njengesitshalo esihlekisayo, esidinga ukunakwa kakhulu nesikhathi lapho sikhula ekhaya. Kepha empeleni, uma konke kuhlelwe kahle ngasikhathi sinye, le mbali emangalisayo ngeke idale inkinga enkulu.

Ukukhanyisa. ISmitiante ithanda izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ukukhanya kufanele kuhlakazeke, ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile liwele emaqabungeni entekenteke esitshalo. Amafasitela abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga aphelele.
Isincomo. Kuhle ukubeka iSmithian ngemuva kwegumbi eliseningizimu. Efasiteleni elisenyakatho, akukho ukukhanya okwanele ukuze iSmithyanta iqhume.
Gwema ilanga eliqondile esitshalweni. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni kwamaqabunga.
Ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, i-smithian idinga ukuchelelwa okuningi. Kepha isitshalo akufanele sithululwe - ukuminywa kwamanzi, njengokuma, ikhoma lobumba lizoba nomthelela omubi esimweni se-rhizome. Kunconywa ukunisela amaSmithians ngethreyi. Ngesikhathi sokulala, isitshalo asivamisile ukuchelelwa futhi hhayi ngokweqile. Kwanele kanye njalo emavikini ama-2-3.
Izimo zokushisa. ISmitiante ithanda imfudumalo elinganiselayo ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukhululekile ku + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, ukwehla okuncane kwezinga lokushisa kuvunyelwe, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka +20 ° C.
Isimo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi. Kungcono ukutshala i-smithyanta emhlabathini we-peat, okulungele umswakama nomoya, noma kumxube owenziwe ngomumo weSaintpaulias. Bakha inhlanganisela yenhlabathi futhi ngaphandle kwenhlabathi yamaqabunga nesod, inhlabathi ye-coniferous ne-peat. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi olinganiselayo, ukugwema ukuchichima nokoma.
Ukukhethwa kweziqukathi zokukhula. ISmitiante inohlelo lwempande olukha phezulu futhi isiqukathi sokulinywa kwaso akufanele sikhethwe sijule kakhulu, kodwa sibanzi ngokwanele, lapho ubukhulu bungamasentimitha ayi-15 khona. Amanzi kufanele abekwe ezansi.
Ukuqhuba ukugqoka. Ehlobo lentwasahlobo, amaSmithian adinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Kuhle ukusebenzisa umanyolo kuma-violets noma izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Isimo esiyinhloko inani elikhulu le-potassium ekubunjweni. AmaSmithians enza ukondla amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga.
Ukuthena (ukuncinza). Ukuze kulondolozwe ifomu elihlangene leSmithyanta, ukuncinza izihloko zalo kwenziwa njalo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha nama-peduncles.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwangaphandle

I-Smitanta ayitshalwa ekhaya kuphela, kepha nasenkathini efudumele, etshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali, emabhokisini nasemabhodweni alenga.

Okubalulekile! Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-smitiante ayikwazi ukuma ilanga eliqondile futhi indawo yokutshala kufanele ibe nomthunzi omncane, futhi imvula enamandla ingalimaza umphumela wokuhlobisa amaqabunga e-fleecy.

Uma i-smithyanta itshalwe kuplantela elenga, kufanele uqaphele ngokunisela nokondla isitshalo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Phakathi kwezinambuzane zamaSmithians kukhona izinambuzane ezinjengeempukane ezimhlophe, ama-aphid, ama-thrips noma imikhaza. Uma ubathola lapho uhlola isitshalo, siphathe ngokushesha ngama-insecticide. Kwezifo zefungal, i-smithian ithinteka yi-oidium nokubola okumpunga. Ukwelashwa kwe-fungicidal kuzoxazulula le nkinga.

Ebunzimeni obuvela ngesikhathi sokulima, kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Plaque emaqabungeni. Kwenzeka ngenxa yenhlabathi enamanzi nomoya onganele ngokwanele egumbini.
Izimbali aziveli. Isizathu ukuntuleka kokukhanya namaminerali.
Amahlamvu anezindawo ezinsundu. Zivela lapho zivezwa yilanga eliqondile, zinisela ngamanzi abandayo, noma lapho amaqabunga athambile aseSmithians eba manzi.

ISmitiante isitshalo esimangalisayo esingatholakali kaningi emakhaya ethu. Kodwa ochwepheshe beqiniso bobuhle obunomusa sekuyisikhathi eside bekuthande futhi bekuthanda. Ngendlela efanele, iSmithiana izothokozisa abanikazi bayo ngezimbali ezinde nezichichimayo.

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