Izici zokutshala isithombo esimnyama endle nasendaweni abamba ukushisa. Izeluleko Zokuhlwanyela Nokunakekela Ekuqaleni

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Isithombo esimnyama sekuyisikhathi eside siyisitshalo sezimpande esaziwa kahle ngabalimi baseRussia. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zinkulu, kepha abantu ngaphezu kwakho konke bayakwazisa isithombo esimnyama esiyindilinga ngenxa yezindawo zokwelapha nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nge- "munyu".

Kepha ungayikhulisa kanjani kahle ukujabulisa isivuno? Indlela yokutshala kahle, kunzima ukushiya? Yiziphi izinhlobo zokutshala futhi ngabe kukhona umehluko ekutshaleni emhlabathini ovulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo? Okuningi kulokhu kule ndatshana.

Izici zokufika

Ukukhethwa kwesayithi okulungile kuqinisekisa ukuhlwanyelwa ngempumelelo.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, okuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okunothile.
Ukutshala imifino ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kusenesikhathi kukhuthaza ukudubula.
Ukutshala, sebenzisa imbewu efakwe kusengaphambili usuku kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate.
Bheka umswakama wemibhede, uvimbele inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi.
Ukuncipha kwesitshalo nokususwa kokhula.

Ukuhambisana namanye amasiko

Kuhle ukutshala isithombo esimnyama ngemuva kokuvuna:

imidumba;
ithanga;
i-nightshade;
anyanisi oluhlaza;
idile;
amazambane.

Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zijwayele ukuhlala ne:

amazambane;
ukhukhamba;
utamatisi no-anyanisi.

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukutshala kungcono kakhulu ngemuva kokuvuna ugalikhi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokutshala?

Hlukanisa:

izithelo ezincane zakuqala - isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-40-50, sihlwanyela ngoMashi, "Maiskaya";
ukuvuthwa kokuqala - njenge "Ladushka", "Sultan", izinsuku ezingama-50-60, ukuhlwanyela u-Ephreli-Meyi;
izinhlobo zaphakathi nonyaka ngokuhlwanyela kusihlwa sehlobo (maphakathi noJuni-ekuqaleni kukaJulayi), isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-75-80, "iMargelanskaya", "Wonderful", "Chernovka";
izinhlobo sekwephuzile kuhlwanyelwe maphakathi nehlobo, ngoJulayi, "Doctor", "Gaivoronskaya", "Negritanka", ukuvuthwa kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-80.

Isithombo isitshalo esivuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi singanikeza, phakathi neRussia kanye nesifunda saseMoscow, izivuno ezimbili, kuncike ezinsukwini zokutshala.

Ukukhethwa kokuhlukahluka kufanele kuncike ezintweni ezifana nesikhathi osithandayo sokuvuna, isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo.

Izintengo zembewu eMoscow naseSt

Amanani acishe afane emadolobheni womabili. Imbewu yesithombo ingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo segadi. Zithengiswa ezikhwameni zamaphepha, zipakisha amagremu ama-2, intengo kusuka kuma-ruble ayishumi kuye kwayi-18. Kuhlale kwenzeka uku-oda online, kepha wazi izindleko zokuthumela.

Umehluko wokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ezweni noma engadini nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo

Ekuqaleni, kunqunywa ukuthi i-radish izokhula kuphi - i-greenhouse noma umbhede ovulekile. Ngokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, inhlabathi evundile, engathathi hlangothi ibhekwa njengehamba phambili. Ngokudingekile endaweni ekhanyayo, emthunzini isitshalo asikhuli futhi ngeke silethe isivuno esihle.

Ezimweni zokugcina izithombo, ungalingisa ukukhanya kwelanga usebenzisa amalambu.

Ukushisa kwezinsuku ezishisayo kungama-16-18 degrees, ngezinsuku ezinamafu 10-12. Isithombo sekwindla ukutholakala okungathobeki okungatshalwa endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Ngezidingo zendawo, ukukhanyisa okwanele kuphela nokunisela okuvamile.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ungayihlwanyela kanjani kahle impande yezitshalo?

Lokhu okulandelayo kubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungasitshala kanjani futhi kanjani isitshalo. Isitshalo sezimpande sitshalwe ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo:

Ekuqaleni, Mashi, Ephreli. Ezifundeni eziningi, kusekhona iqhwa ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebhodweni le-peat.
Maphakathi nesizini, ukuphela kwenyanga yokuqala yehlobo - ukuqala kwenyanga yesibili.
Ubusika, ikhule kusuka maphakathi noJulayi. Zenzelwe ukugcina isikhathi eside.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ekwindla, isayithi limbiwe, futhi entwasahlobo, umbhede uthukululwa ngeharika futhi ufakwa umanyolo:

i-nitrogen;
i-phosphorus;
i-potassium.

Umhlabathi kufanele ungakhululeki, mhlawumbe u-loamy, ugeze izigaxa nezimpande zokhula. Umbhede wensimu umbiwe ujule ngamasentimitha angama-35, inhlabathi enciphileyo ivundiswa ngokwengeziwe ngomquba nomlotha wokhuni. Uma inhlabathi ivulekile kakhulu, kufanele igoqwe. Bese kwenziwa imisele, isakaze imbewu kude no-15 cm komunye nomunye. Ukushumeka ukujula 2-3 cm.

Ukulungiselela yokusungula kanye imbewu

Izinto ezidingekayo zokutshala imbewu ifosholo kanye ne-rake. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlwanyela, ungasebenzisa i-seeder ekhethekile, ebukeka njengesondo elinesibambo eside.

hlunga imbewu, ususe abagulayo nabancane;
ngemuva kokulinganisa, faka i-gauze enomswakama izinsuku ezimbili ukuvuvukala;
ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, cwilisa amahora angama-24 kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.

Ukukhethwa kwesihlalo

Umhlabathi ovulekile - qinisekisa ilanga eliqondile, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, kude nezilimo ezibethelelayo. Ukutshala i-greenhouse - endaweni yokushisa okushisa kahle unyaka wonke, ukutshala kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngokukhanyisa okwanele.

Ukunciphisa imvelo yenhlabathi ene-asidi, kuyadingeka ukuyifaka umquba ngezinga lamabhakede ayi-1.5 ngemitha eyisikwele.

Isikimu nobuchwepheshe

Ukutshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa - imbewu ibhajwe ngamasentimitha angama-3-4 ngaphandle kobude bonke bomsele. Embhedeni, ibanga elilungile phakathi kwezimbobo lingu-4-6 cm, ngakho-ke imbewu inesikhala esanele sokukhula nokwakhiwa kombungu. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwesidleke kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe kwenziwa kwizidleke zezinhlamvu ezi-2-3 ngembobo ngayinye.

yenza izimbobo zokufika ezijule ngo-2-3 cm;
gcwalisa imisele ngembewu, hlanganisa inhlabathi kancane;
uthele amanzi avela enkonweni yokunisela bese uqeda ngomlotha;
amboze nge ucwecwe.

Ngemuva kokutshala, isikhathi sokuhluma cishe siyisonto elilodwa, futhi ngemuva kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela kuyadingeka.

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo

Ukunisela. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlume amahlumela amasha, nisela kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Isithombo esitshalwe entwasahlobo sidinga ukuchelela njalo kanye ngesonto. Kwanele ukunisela izinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe ehlobo izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngenkathi yokukhula. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukunisela kuyamiswa, kungakhathalekile ukuvuthwa kwesivuno kuqala.
Ukuxega. Isithombo asibekezeleli uqweqwe olwakhiwe ebusweni bomhlaba. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhululeke ngemuva kwemvula. Ukuze unciphise ukhula kusuka kukhula, ungafaka imibhede nge-peat noma i-humus.
Ukuncipha. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho udinga ukusika imibhede ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-3-4, hhayi ngokudonsa izitshalo ezeqile, kepha ngokuncinza. Emasontweni amathathu kamuva, futhi, ukugcina ibanga okungenani lama-cm ayi-15. Ukumunca imibhede kusongela ngokugoqeka kwesithelo nokuhlaselwa kwezilokazane.

Uma uveza ngokweqile isivuno esivandeni, isithombo sizolahlekelwa ngumswakama waso, ama-voids azovela ngaphakathi kwesivuno sezimpande, sizoqina.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona nobunzima

Isithombo asiqhamuki - kusho ukuthi imbewu ilahlekelwe ukuhluma kwayo, inhlabathi ibibanda futhi iba manzi lapho itshalwa.
Ukukhula okungekuhle, ukhonkolo ophuzi - isizathu ukungabikho kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini.
Asikho isivuno sezimpande esakhiwe - ukukhanya okuncane, imbewu itshalwe ijule kakhulu, ayinayo i-potassium, inhlabathi egcwele amanzi.
Ingena eziqongweni futhi iqhakaze - imbewu embi, ukulimala kwezimpande ngesikhathi sokhula, ukungabi nokukhanya nokushisa.
Amaqabunga emigodini - ukuhlaselwa kobuso obuphambili.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane

Ama-Sacral flea beetle, izimbungulu, amacimbi, isayfly yokudlwengula, ama-slugs, ama-aphid yizitha eziyinhloko zesithombo esimnyama. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kunzima futhi isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ukungena kwezinambuzane, kufanele kugcinwe le mithetho elandelayo: